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Immigrant women are at greater risk for postpartum depression (PPD) compared to non-immigrant women and experience multiple barriers to accessing health services to address their needs. This mixed method study explored the multi-level factors that contribute to the postpartum mental health of immigrant women in Canada and their ability to access requisite health services. In the quantitative phase, data from a longitudinal prospective cohort survey of women were used to examine predictors of PPD over the first postpartum year for a sample of women who delivered at two hospitals in Toronto, Ontario. In the qualitative phase, an interpretive descriptive design shaped by an integrated knowledge translation approach was used to understand the factors immigrant women living in Scarborough, Ontario (a region of Toronto) perceive as contributing to their postpartum emotional health and the factors immigrant women and care providers perceive as influencing access to health services. Across quantitative and qualitative findings, factors contributing to PPD among immigrant women included a lack of social support, individual and community-level challenges faced in terms of the social health determinants, physical health status, and client-provider relationships. Factors contributing to reduced access to health services included: lack of system knowledge, social health determinants, organizational and system barriers, limited access to treatment, and a need for service integration and system navigation support. Immigrant women in Canada experience numerous health inequities that increase their risk for PPD and v prevent them from accessing service supports to address PPD concerns. The Canadian health care system needs to be responsive to individual needs in order to facilitate equitable access and address the health needs of Canadian immigrant women and their families. The diversity and proportion of immigrants in Canada calls for a linguistically and culturally supportive health care system with a strategic approach to enhancing accessibility to address health inequities. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Immigrant women have a 2-3 times higher risk for postpartum depression (PPD) than native-born women. This study explored the factors that contribute to PPD among immigrant women in Canada and how health services can help them get the care they need, from the perspective of immigrant women and care providers. This study found increased PPD risk when women lacked social support, had physical health issues, and faced challenges such as low income and lack of English language skills. Working with care providers could help address these challenges or make it more difficult to get care. Immigrant women had more difficulty getting services when they lacked knowledge about the health care system, faced social, financial, and language-based barriers to care, and experienced barriers when using available services. The findings from this research can inform the design and delivery of health care to best meet the needs of immigrant women with PPD.

Numerous women embark on migration journeys, driven by aspirations to secure enhanced opportunities for themselves and their families. However, they often encounter significant impediments due to intersecting systems of oppression related to gender, race, immigration status, and other social dimensions. This study aims to elucidate the experiences of immigrant women during their initial settlement period. Employing Community-Based Participatory Research and Arts-Based Research approaches, the research used the photovoice method, with collages and storytelling, to explore the experiences of twenty immigrant women. Grounded in an intersectional feminist framework, this thesis presents findings based on visual and narrative data gathered from a creative empowerment program at Newcomer Women Services Toronto. Three predominant themes emerged: (1) pre-migration expectations and post-migration realities, (2) welcome and reception of settlement support, and (3) barriers experienced during initial settlement. The study offers a detailed examination of a range of experiences, both positive and adversarial, that immigrant women navigate throughout their migration journey. The research implications include recognizing the holistic needs of newcomers and providing a comprehensive support system to foster a more inclusive and equitable experience. / Thesis / Master of Social Work (MSW)

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No description available.

The aim of this study was to explore the situation of immigrant women with temporary residence permit who face intimate partner violence and are living in Mid-Sweden. The study had a qualitative approach and four professionals with experience in meeting this group were interviewed using semi-structured questions. The sample consisted of respondents from social services, a women’s shelter, a NGO and a law firm. Findings show that due to controlling behavior by their partners the women are often isolated from society. Economical violence is explained as frequently occurring. Furthermore, the findings show that having a temporary residence permit makes it difficult to leave the abusive relationship, since it is connected to the risk of deportation. According to the respondents the women experience fear and worries related to their legal status. Moreover, the help available for them include supporting conversations, protected living and legal guidance. The findings indicate that for the women’s situation to be improved they need to gain information on their rights.

Mexican immigrant women are a vulnerable population group in the U.S., and face challenges as a result of the nation’s anti-immigrant landscape. To help Mexican immigrant women cope with these realities, scholars have proposed the implementation of social support interventions. Yet only two studies have executed social support interventions for immigrant women. Those tailored specifically for Mexican immigrant women are nonexistent. To address this gap, this Master's thesis piloted the first social support intervention for Mexican immigrant women in the U.S. The purpose was to assess the impact of a social support intervention on the perceived social support for Mexican immigrant women. The study (1) surveyed Mexican immigrant women's current perceived social support, (2) investigated whether engaging in a social support intervention could improve Mexican immigrant women's perceived social support, and (3) explored (through the use of a foto novela) the elements (e.g., persons, places) Mexican immigrant women consider to be most important sources of social support in their lives. Surveys were administered pre- and post-intervention assessing perceived social support using three Likert-type scales. At pre-intervention, perceived social support was moderately high. A difference in perceived social support at post-intervention was observed, but without significance. This work adds to the small body of literature on social support interventions for Mexican immigrant women, and has important implications for future interventions and research. This work also documents the use of foto novelas – an innovative tool to engage with (and give a voice to) Mexican immigrant women. Future work should consider the use of foto novelas, as these amplify new understandings of social support, and capture (through the use of photographs) Mexican immigrant women’s own interpretation of social support.

Este estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, teve como objetivo compreender como se dá a assistência do enfermeiro obstetra/obstetriz à mulher imigrante, durante o trabalho de parto e parto. Para obtenção dos dados, foram realizadas entrevistas com 11 enfermeiras obstetras/obstetrizes que tiveram a experiência de assistir mulheres imigrantes, durante o trabalho de parto e parto. Para o tratamento dos dados, foi utilizado o método de análise temática proposto por Bardin, utilizando o referencial da Teoria da Transculturalidade de Leininger, e foi possível obter três temas principais: o primeiro abordou a experiência ao realizar a assistência às mulheres imigrantes, trazendo os sentimentos vivenciados pelas enfermeiras obstetras/obstetrizes nessa experiência; o segundo, as dificuldades encontradas, com categorias relacionadas à linguagem e à cultura e o terceiro sobre os meios encontrados para facilitar a assistência às mulheres imigrantes. Neste estudo, os profissionais que atenderam a mulheres imigrantes relataram dificuldades principalmente relacionadas às barreiras linguísticas e culturais. Indicaram que perceber que a assistência às mulheres imigrantes é diferente é o primeiro passo para o cuidado transcultural. Apontaram que admitir a existência de dificuldades e considerá-las como um obstáculo que necessita ser enfrentado, fazendo com que essa experiência se torne positiva tanto para o profissional quanto para a mulher que está sendo atendida, é importante para que a assistência se torne cada vez melhor. É necessário um maior conhecimento sobre essa população para a adaptação da assistência às especificidades culturais, e o enfermeiro obstetra/obstetriz deve ser sensível a essas diferenças e adaptar seu cuidado. Os dados obtidos neste estudo podem oferecer subsídios para a implementação de ações no âmbito do atendimento às mulheres imigrantes, envolvendo os profissionais de saúde, as instituições de saúde e a população imigrante / This descriptive study, which takes a qualitative approach, sought to understand the workings of assistance given by obstetrics nurse/midwifes to immigrant women during labor and delivery. To obtain this data, interviews were carried out with 11 obstetrics nurses/obstetricians with experience assisting immigrant women during labor and delivery. Interpretation of this data was done via the thematic analysis method proposed by Bardin and by utilizing Leininger\'s Transcultural Theory, which allowed us to find three main themes: the first touches on the experience of carrying out assistance to immigrant women and concerns the sentiments felt by the obstetrics nurses/midwifes during this experience; the second, the challenges faced, with categories related to language and culture; and third, the ways that were found to facilitate assistance to immigrant women. In this study, the professionals that served immigrant women noted difficulties related primarily to language and cultural barriers. They noted that the perception that there is a difference when assisting immigrant women is the first step in transcultural care. They noted that admitting the existence of difficulties and considering these as obstacles that need to be overcome - turning the experience into something positive for both the professionals and the women being cared for - are important for continuously improving care. It is necessary to have a better understanding of this population to adapt assistance to specific cultures, and the obstetrics nurse/midwifes should be sensitive to these differences and adapt care accordingly. The data obtained in this study can offer support for the implementation of activities to serve immigrant women, involving health professionals, health institutions, and the immigrant population

A proposta desta pesquisa foi constituída da análise da política de imigração no Brasil a partir da conexão de três redes de entrevistas selecionadas para esta tese, quais sejam: 1) os operadores das instituições governamentais que trabalham com questões relacionadas a imigração/refúgio no Brasil; 2) os agentes de instituições não governamentais que assessoram e acolhem os imigrantes/refugiados, e; 3) os imigrantes residentes da cidade de São Paulo e outras cidades que vivenciam a problemática do acesso aos serviços públicos no Brasil. Foi esperado, com isso, a construção das explicações acerca de como se deram os processos de deslocamentos, da luta pelo acesso a direitos e a inserção das experiências de vida resultantes dessa mobilidade no cenário das migrações contemporâneas. É notório, assim, que a mobilidade humana é um sintoma de grandes transições nos bastidores da História. Deste modo, a problemática da pesquisa em questão foi de que a caracterização do poder estabelecido pelas instituições estatais somadas ao trabalho realizado pelas ONGs, as quais realizam inserções de política pública à população imigrante se efetivam a partir de uma governabilidade conflitiva, uma vez que ambas atuam em um contexto social atravessado por dinâmicas econômicas que se beneficiam da vulnerabilidade social dos imigrantes. Nesse contexto, foi identificada a disputa pela representação jurídico/política do imigrante, pelo qual foram elaboradas explicações acerca de como se deram os processos de deslocamentos na fronteira política, ao circunscrever as experiências de vida resultantes dessa mobilidade e como essas conexões incorrem sobre a existência das comunidades migratórias, ressignificando padrões comportamentais. Verificou-se que a realidade vivida por esses imigrantes principalmente a experiência da mulher imigrante na cidade de São Paulo configuram novas estratégias de resistência, desafios e oportunidades para mulheres e homens nos países escolhidos para viverem suas trajetórias. Pesquisas em diversas áreas têm se debruçado sobre aspectos da imigração e sobre a inserção do sujeito no mercado de trabalho. Contudo, parcelas dos estudos produzidos não contemplaram relatos pessoais e coletivos dos imigrantes à luz dos pressupostos da História Oral. Esta pesquisa permitiu a construção de um corpus documental, cujas análises ampliaram nossa perspectiva sobre os deslocamentos contemporâneos, a fronteira política e o Estado-nação; instituições governamentais e instituições não governamentais; questões de gênero, política pública e Direitos Humanos. Temas estes que instigam outras abordagens acerca das novas territorialidades no contexto global do capitalismo. / The proposal of this research consisted of the analysis of immigration policy in Brazil, through the connection of three networks of interviews selected for this thesis, namely: 1) the operators of government institutions who work with the issues related to immigration / refuge in Brazil; 2) the agents, of non-governmental institutions, who advise e welcome immigrants / refugees; 3) the immigrants who are living in the city of São Paulo and others cities who experience the problem of access to public services in Brazil. It was hoped, therefore, to construct explanations about how the processes of displacement, the struggle for access to rights and the insertion of the life experiences, resulting from this mobility in the contemporary migration scenario, were constructed. It is notorious, therefore, that human mobility is a symptom of great transitions behind the scenes of history. Thus, the research problematic was that the characterization of the power established by the state institutions - added to the work done by the NGOs, which carry out insertions of public policy to the immigrant population - are effected from a conflictive governability once both act in a social context crossed by economic dynamics which are benefited from the social vulnerability of immigrants. In this context, the dispute over the legal / political representation of the immigrant was identified, in which explanations were elaborated on how the processes of displacement on the political frontier occurred, by circumscribing the life experiences resulting from this mobility and how these connections affect the existence of migratory communities, re-signifying behavioral patterns. It was verified, the reality lived by these immigrants - especially the experience of the woman immigrant in the city of São Paulo - configures new strategies of resistance, challenges and opportunities in the chosen countries for women and men to live their trajectories. Researches, in several areas, have focused on aspects of immigration and on the insertion of the immigrants in the labor market. However, portions of the studies produced did not address personal and collective reports of immigrants in the light of the assumptions of Oral History. This research allowed the construction of a documentary corpus, which analyzes extended our perspective on the contemporary displacements, the political frontier and the nation-state; governmental institutions and nongovernmental institutions; gender, public policy and human rights. These themes instigate others approaches to the new territorialities in the global context of capitalism.

A proposta desta pesquisa foi constituída da análise da política de imigração no Brasil a partir da conexão de três redes de entrevistas selecionadas para esta tese, quais sejam: 1) os operadores das instituições governamentais que trabalham com questões relacionadas a imigração/refúgio no Brasil; 2) os agentes de instituições não governamentais que assessoram e acolhem os imigrantes/refugiados, e; 3) os imigrantes residentes da cidade de São Paulo e outras cidades que vivenciam a problemática do acesso aos serviços públicos no Brasil. Foi esperado, com isso, a construção das explicações acerca de como se deram os processos de deslocamentos, da luta pelo acesso a direitos e a inserção das experiências de vida resultantes dessa mobilidade no cenário das migrações contemporâneas. É notório, assim, que a mobilidade humana é um sintoma de grandes transições nos bastidores da História. Deste modo, a problemática da pesquisa em questão foi de que a caracterização do poder estabelecido pelas instituições estatais somadas ao trabalho realizado pelas ONGs, as quais realizam inserções de política pública à população imigrante se efetivam a partir de uma governabilidade conflitiva, uma vez que ambas atuam em um contexto social atravessado por dinâmicas econômicas que se beneficiam da vulnerabilidade social dos imigrantes. Nesse contexto, foi identificada a disputa pela representação jurídico/política do imigrante, pelo qual foram elaboradas explicações acerca de como se deram os processos de deslocamentos na fronteira política, ao circunscrever as experiências de vida resultantes dessa mobilidade e como essas conexões incorrem sobre a existência das comunidades migratórias, ressignificando padrões comportamentais. Verificou-se que a realidade vivida por esses imigrantes principalmente a experiência da mulher imigrante na cidade de São Paulo configuram novas estratégias de resistência, desafios e oportunidades para mulheres e homens nos países escolhidos para viverem suas trajetórias. Pesquisas em diversas áreas têm se debruçado sobre aspectos da imigração e sobre a inserção do sujeito no mercado de trabalho. Contudo, parcelas dos estudos produzidos não contemplaram relatos pessoais e coletivos dos imigrantes à luz dos pressupostos da História Oral. Esta pesquisa permitiu a construção de um corpus documental, cujas análises ampliaram nossa perspectiva sobre os deslocamentos contemporâneos, a fronteira política e o Estado-nação; instituições governamentais e instituições não governamentais; questões de gênero, política pública e Direitos Humanos. Temas estes que instigam outras abordagens acerca das novas territorialidades no contexto global do capitalismo. / The proposal of this research consisted of the analysis of immigration policy in Brazil, through the connection of three networks of interviews selected for this thesis, namely: 1) the operators of government institutions who work with the issues related to immigration / refuge in Brazil; 2) the agents, of non-governmental institutions, who advise e welcome immigrants / refugees; 3) the immigrants who are living in the city of São Paulo and others cities who experience the problem of access to public services in Brazil. It was hoped, therefore, to construct explanations about how the processes of displacement, the struggle for access to rights and the insertion of the life experiences, resulting from this mobility in the contemporary migration scenario, were constructed. It is notorious, therefore, that human mobility is a symptom of great transitions behind the scenes of history. Thus, the research problematic was that the characterization of the power established by the state institutions - added to the work done by the NGOs, which carry out insertions of public policy to the immigrant population - are effected from a conflictive governability once both act in a social context crossed by economic dynamics which are benefited from the social vulnerability of immigrants. In this context, the dispute over the legal / political representation of the immigrant was identified, in which explanations were elaborated on how the processes of displacement on the political frontier occurred, by circumscribing the life experiences resulting from this mobility and how these connections affect the existence of migratory communities, re-signifying behavioral patterns. It was verified, the reality lived by these immigrants - especially the experience of the woman immigrant in the city of São Paulo - configures new strategies of resistance, challenges and opportunities in the chosen countries for women and men to live their trajectories. Researches, in several areas, have focused on aspects of immigration and on the insertion of the immigrants in the labor market. However, portions of the studies produced did not address personal and collective reports of immigrants in the light of the assumptions of Oral History. This research allowed the construction of a documentary corpus, which analyzes extended our perspective on the contemporary displacements, the political frontier and the nation-state; governmental institutions and nongovernmental institutions; gender, public policy and human rights. These themes instigate others approaches to the new territorialities in the global context of capitalism.