Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:44:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia Salles.pdf: 1241709 bytes, checksum: 50308755fa5edac5a597718c6c1c9741 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-22 / The main purpose of this research is to comprehend the role played by Catholic Church in the determination of an immigration policy to Brazil and the role in the development of an ideal immigrant model that could be manipulated to expand and consolidate the religion, trying to understand the reason why the Catholic Italian immigrant was chosen in this context. Therefore, this work sought to deepen the study on the transition period from slave to free labor as well as the way how the process of a specific work culture formation took part, associated to the Italian immigrants and their descendants. The methodological procedures used were: bibliographic and descriptive research. Bibliographic, once sought to explain the main objective of the research through several theoretical frameworks, trying to understand and analyze the scientific and cultural contributions concerning the Italian immigration and its relation with Catholic religion. Descriptive, once it was intended to describe the characteristics and connections between the topic of this study and a specific reality, such as the case of the Italian Catholic immigrants in Espírito Santo, in order to identify the social representations and the group profile. It was understood that the political purposes of settlement and formation of labor market were built by another issue: the intention of maintaining the ascendancy of the Catholic Church on the majority of the country population, as well as the maintaining of its influence on the oligarchy. The research also found that the foreign immigration to Brazil and specific to Espírito Santo, was symbolically supported on the possibility of rising the worker to the condition of land owner, since the slavery system caused a mismatch between the reproduction of labor work and the expansion of the economic system that led to the strangulation of the colonial economy, requiring the creation of a labor market that served to the developed capitalists interests. The immigrant was so, the human agent performing the transformation of the worker ideology into the owner framed in this process by the Catholic Church and its ultraframed fundaments / O objetivo central desta pesquisa foi compreender o papel desempenhado pela Igreja Católica na determinação de uma política imigratória para o Brasil e na elaboração do modelo de imigrante ideal que poderia ser instrumentalizado para ampliar e consolidar a religião, tentando entender porque o eleito para tais quesitos foi o imigrante católico italiano. Buscou-se dessa forma aprofundar o estudo sobre o período de transição da mão-de-obra escrava pela livre e como se deu o processo de formação de uma cultura do trabalho específica, associada aos imigrantes italianos e seus descendentes. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados foram: pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa descritiva. Bibliográfica, pois se buscou explicar o objetivo central da pesquisa por meio de referências teóricas diversas, procurando conhecer e analisar as contribuições culturais e científicas sobre a temática imigração italiana e sua relação com a religião católica. E descritiva, pois se pretendeu descrever as características e relações existentes entre a temática de estudo e uma realidade específica, no caso a dos imigrantes italianos católicos no Estado do espírito Santo, visando identificar as representações sociais e o perfil do grupo. Compreendeu-se que os propósitos políticos de povoamento e de formação do mercado de trabalho, estavam cimentados por outra questão: a intenção da manutenção da ascendência da Igreja católica sobre a maioria populacional do País, e assim também, da manutenção de sua influência junto à oligarquia. Também constatou-se que a imigração estrangeira para o Brasil e especificamente para o Espírito Santo, estava apoiada simbolicamente na possibilidade de ascensão do trabalhador à condição de proprietário da terra. Pois, o sistema de escravismo causou um descompasso entre a reprodução da força de trabalho e a expansão do sistema econômico que conduziu ao estrangulamento da economia colonial exigindo a criação de um mercado de trabalho que atendesse aos interesses capitalistas em desenvolvimento. O imigrante foi assim, o agente humano da realização da ideologia da transformação do trabalhador em proprietário e moldado nesse processo, pela atuação da Igreja católica com fundamentos ultramontanos

位於北歐的瑞典以完善的社會福利制度與開放包容的形象所聞名於世，故自二戰以來，便持續地吸引著外來移民向瑞典移入。瑞典分別於1995年加入歐盟與2001年加入申根區，在人民有自由移動權利之歐盟原則與開放國界邊境之《申根公約》的情況下，瑞典將必須面對更多的外來移民。2010年，阿拉伯之春爆發，中東地區的動亂導致每年向歐洲國家尋求庇護的難民持續地增加，並因此形成了歐洲難民危機，若以2016年難民獲准庇護的人數並透過各國總人口之人均比例加以觀察，瑞典乃位居各成員國之冠。直至今日，在瑞典全國具有外國背景之人口已約占總人口五分之一，惟如此眾多的外來移民能否順利地融入瑞典社會與當地人民能否接納外來移民，這都將會是個很重要的課題與挑戰。 本研究以多元文化主義為研究途徑。多元文化主義強調在一個國家或社會內部中的各類民族或族群應能保留其獨特的文化特色，而彼此之間乃立基於平等的立場，相互尊重與和諧共處，其不僅僅是一種理念，同時也是國家或政府對於國內少數族群的具體政策執行。故本文即透過多元文化主義的觀點來探討瑞典的移民政策有何特色，而能夠促使外來移民向瑞典產生移民的行為。最後，本研究發現瑞典的移民政策於二戰以來至2016年為止，在以追求多元文化主義為理想之下，並未有劇烈性的變革，且若依瑞典國內政治與社會對於外來移民的態度而言，其政策方針與執行規劃乃是優於其他歐盟成員國的。 / Located in northern Europe, Sweden is known for its impeccable social welfare system and an open and inclusive image, so it has been attracting immigrants to Sweden since World War II. Sweden joined the EU and the Schengen Area in 1995 and 2001 respectively. Under the EU principles that people have the right to be free to move and the Schengen Convention that led to the removal of border controls between countries, Sweden will have to face more immigrants. In 2010, the Arab Spring outbreak that the turmoil in the Middle East resulted in more and more asylum seekers in European countries, and thus forming a European refugee crisis. On a per capita basis of the total population of countries, Sweden has taken in far more refugees granted asylum status in the member states of the EU. Until today, the population with a foreign background has accounted for about 1/5 of the total population in Sweden, but it will be a very important task and challenge whether so many immigrants can smoothly be involved in the Swedish society and local people can accept immigrants. This study takes multiculturalism as the research approach. Multiculturalism emphasizes that various nationalities or ethnic groups should be in a position to retain their unique cultural characteristics in a country or society and they are based on the position of equality, mutual respect and harmony. It is not just a concept, but also the specific executive policy of the national or government for ethnic minorities. Therefore, this thesis attempts to explore the characteristics of Swedish immigration policy to promote immigrants to Sweden through multiculturalism. Finally, this study finds that Swedish immigration policy has not a drastic change between the Second World War and 2016 in the pursuit of multiculturalism as the ideal. And according to the Swedish domestic political situation and social attitudes to immigration, its policy and implementation plan is better than any member state of the EU.

Entre 1945 et 1967, le Canada accueille une des plus importantes vagues d’immigration de son histoire : presque trois millions d'immigrants. À la même époque,la vie des femmes est souvent représentée comme immuable, jusqu'à leur éveil soudain à la fin des années1960. Il est pourtant difficile de croire qu'elles n'accordent aucune attention à l’arrivée de milliers d'immigrants chaque année. Leur vécu entre 1945 et 1967 est beaucoup plus complexe et nuancé que les représentations de leur apolitisme et de leurs préoccupations maternelles ne le laissent supposer.Cette thèse étudie le rôle de femmes – immigrantes,politiques, salariées, femmes au foyer, membres d'associations et de groupes minoritaires – dans l'évolution des politiques d'immigration entre 1945 et1967. Ces politiques offrent la possibilité de vérifier si,lorsqu'il s'agit d'un domaine considéré comme moins directement lié aux intérêts proprement dits des femmes, celles-ci s'y intéressent, trouvent des espaces pour en débattre, essaient de transmettre leurs avis aux décisionnaires et sont écoutées. Un engagement lié aux politiques d'immigration suggère un effort de la part des femmes pour sortir de la sphère privée, sphère assignée comme leur place principale et appropriée.Analyser le niveau d'implication des femmes dans les politiques d'immigration interroge les représentations et les assignations des femmes de l'époque ainsi que les tendances culturelles, les relations sociales et les jeux de pouvoir qui les produisent. Il permet d'autre part d’exposer les barrières érigées contre l'implication des femmes dans l'espace public politique et les discours qui les dirigent vers le foyer. / Between 1945 and 1967, Canada received one of the largest waves of immigrants in its history: nearly three million people. In contrast to this intense activity, the lives of women during that same period are often represented as being immutable – until their awakening in the late 1960s. It is difficult to imagine, however, that they paid little attention to the arrival of thousands of immigrants each year. In reality, the lived experience of women between 1945 and 1967 is much more complexand nuanced than the representations of their apoliticism and maternal essentialism suggest. This thesis studies the role of women - immigrants,politicians, professionals, housewives, members o fassociations and minority groups - in shaping immigration policy between 1945 and 1967. Examining a domain considered as being somewhat outside of' women's interests' offers the possibility of determining the true range of their interests, the spaces available to women for discussing and debating different issues and their means of conveying their views to decisionmakers.An engagement with immigration policy wouldsuggest an effort on their part to go beyond what isconsidered to be women's appropriate sphere.Analyzing the level of their involvement in immigration policy provides a method for interrogating the representations and socially assigned roles of women of the period as well as the social relations, power hierarchies and cultural tendencies that produce them.This analysis also promises to expose the barriers to women's involvement in the political public sphere and to deconstruct the discourses that circumscribe their actions.

The diploma thesis deals with the issue of immigration and its impact on the economy in Australia, Great Britain and the United States of America. In the introduction, various migration theories explaining the migration motifs and immigration policies, whose specifics and the type of requirements of the monitored countries sheds the composition of incoming individuals, are discussed. This profile is complemented by the analysis itself, which examines the socio-economic factors of foreign-born population living in the monitored countries. This analysis is carried out by cross-sectional data comparisons, but it monitors the arrival times of individuals, providing an overview within the timeline. In order to determine the impact of immigration on employment and average wages, regression was used, but this effect was in no way proven beyond the impact on average wages in Australia.

As recent immigrants seek a productive and dignified life in “new immigrant destinations” that have little historical experience with immigration, public education systems serve a key function in immigrant integration efforts. In a federal system increasingly focused on accountability, a crucial sub-set of education policy and local responsiveness to immigration is English language instruction and services for Limited English Proficient (LEP) students and parents. In such contexts, the role that local bureaucrats play, and whether they actively represent the interests of the newfound diversity of community members, are crucial questions if strongly held American ideals of social equity and equal opportunity are to be upheld. This research asks broad questions at the intersection of bureaucratic power, representative bureaucracy and educational policy toward English language learners at the local level. Variations in how school systems in the political bellwether of Virginia responded to a recent policy shock - federal guidance released in January 2015 that reiterated local school system responsibility for providing equal educational access to LEP students and parents – form a unique window into local policy-making. Using a concurrent triangulation mixed methodology that consists of a state-wide survey and interviews with a sub-set of the Title III coordinators who supervise programs for English Language Learners, this research shows Title III coordinators to be unrepresentative in passive terms of the foreign born population but nevertheless to have a strong sense of advocating for English Language Learners. Findings suggest that public service motivation is the key explanatory factor in driving a sense of role advocacy and this in turn drives a greater range of action taking by the coordinator to benefit ELLs. Despite this link between role advocacy and coordinator action, role advocacy is not found to be significant in driving the likelihood or range of system level responsiveness to the letter. Instead, political and demographic factors increase the likelihood of system action but, counter to existing literature, more conservative localities are found to be more likely to have responded to the Dear Colleague Letter. This suggests that a previous reluctance to act in these places may have been dislodged by the letter and points to the importance of change over time in conceptualizing local responsiveness to immigrants.

少子化是目前台灣面臨的一大危機，從歷史脈絡來看，台灣屬於標準的移民社會，然而，因早年戒嚴等政治因素使我國對於入出境人流管制相當嚴格，同時亦不重視移民政策，直至近年來外籍配偶及大陸配偶人數大量增加，政府單位逐漸注意此一新興社會現象。 同時，台灣與新加坡皆為亞洲四小龍成員，在人口結構來講，同屬以華人為主體的多元族群國家，兩者皆面臨全球化衝擊，以及面臨國土資源不足、生育率逐年降低、人口老化等社會與人口結構改變的隱憂。而新加坡對移民政策的重視則遠超過我國，其相關法令的制定、多元的教育、豐富的獎勵刺激移民與生育都是值得我們所學習的。 回顧其發展過程，新加坡的移民政策與法令也讓社會產生程度不一的反彈，這些優缺利弊都是讓我國借鑒的範例，藉他山之石，檢視我國移民法令的侷限，為了有效刺激外來人口移入與降低不同文化產生的衝突，新加坡經驗是值得參考的對象。 / Low birth rate is one of the major challenges faced by Taiwanese government nowadays. Taiwan can be categorized as a typical immigrant society from the view of history. However, the immigration control was very strict during the early days due to political issues and the implementation of martial laws. The immigration policies have been ignored for long until the population of foreign and mainland spouse rose tremendously hence gradually caught the attention of Taiwanese government. Taiwan and Singapore are both viewed as the members of Four Asian Tigers. Both islandsare composed by multi-racial population and with Chinese as majority. Meanwhile, both nations face the challenges such as impact of globalization, relatively insufficient domestic resources, low birth rate, and aging population. Singapore government takes immigration policies more seriously than Taiwan, the regulations of laws, educational diversity, and abundant rewards for encouraging immigration and birth rate of Singapore are worth to learn from. Singapore’s immigration policies and regulations also aroused backlash from the public. The pros and cons of their policies should also be taken into considerations while making the proper policies for Taiwan. The experience of Singapore would benefit on the spurring of immigration to Taiwan and easing the conflicts result from cultural differences.

The theme of this thesis is the Swedish immigration policy in the context of EU immigration policy. The aim of thesis is to analyze Swedish immigration and integration policies and identify their key characteristics. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the definition of migration policy, basic concepts of migration and integration models. European immigration policy is built up on the theoretical basis from which comes out the setting of Swedish immigration policy. . The second chapter focuses on the integration of immigrants into the Swedish society and is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the development and setting of Swedish integration policy, the second part focuses on the integration of immigrants into the labour market. In the third chapter is the main focus on the problems and prospects of the Swedish migration policy. The three subchapters concentrate on the problems associated with the current European migration crisis, the international dimension of migration policy in Sweden and its priorities in this field and the last part attempts to evaluate the success of integration measures in Sweden.

The content of the thesis is an analysis of the impact of the revolutions in the countries of North Africa during the year 2011 on the immigration and asylum policy of the European Union. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the response of the European Union and its member states to the migration situation. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first one describes the situation and migration during revolutions in the North Africa, the second chapter deals with the migration into the European Union. The third chapter analyzes the reaction of chosen member states and the institutions of the European Union. The last chapter finally evaluates the situation and identifies the opportunities and threats for the immigration and asylum policy of the European Union that emerged from the previous analysis.

Diploma thesis characterizes developments and fundamental principles of U. S. Immigration Policy. The era since 1965, when the legislation was liberalized, to current times is specially emphasized. Since the adoption of this law the structure of new immigrants to the USA had changed from mainly European newcomers to immigrants originating from Asia and Latin America. The thesis also analyses the distinction of Mexican immigration to the USA and outlines possible immigration reform proposals.

Diploma thesis "Influence of the European Union on the mobility of volunteers coming to the Czech Republic" deals with the mobility of volunteers from partner countries of the EU who participate in the European Voluntary Service - the EU programme of. non -formal education in the Czech Republic. The thesis follows the existing development of mobility of people till 2004, when the Council of the EU used its increased competence in the area of freedom, security and justice and approved the Directive 2004/114/EC on the conditions of admission of third - country nationals for the purpose of studies, pupils exchange, unremunerated training or voluntary service. It is the first time ever when the Directive mentions the volunteers as a specific target group of the mobility for educational purpose. The paper evaluates if the directive reflects the present challenges of recognition of the non - formal education on the European level. Further on, it focuses specifically on the year 2007 when the influence of the European legislature entered into the immigration policy of the Czech Republic, particularly in the amendment of the act on residence of foreigners on the territory of the Czech Republic n. 326/1999 Sb. which among others allows the volunteers in the age of 18 till 25 years old to apply for the...