Archetypes are used to standardize a way of creating, presenting and distributing health care data. In this master thesis project the open specifications of openEHR was followed. The objective of this master thesis project has been to develop a Java based API for creating and editing openEHR archetypes. The API is a programming toolbox that can be used when developing archetype editors. Another purpose has been to implement validation functionality for archetypes. An important aspect is that the functionality of the API is well documented, this is important to ease the understanding of the system for future developers. The result was a Java based API that is a platform for future archetype editors. The API-kernel has optional immutability so developed archetypes can be locked for modification by making them immutable. The API is compatible with the openEHR specifications 1.0.1, it can load and save archetypes in ADL (Archetype Definition Language) format. There is also a validation feature that verifies that the archetype follows the right structure with respect to predefined reference models. This master thesis report also presents a basic GUI proposal.

This thesis examines trends in the academic and professional literature around immutable data and its relationship with declarative User Interfaces (UIs). Immutable data types are preferred by academic authors due to their increased safety, and commercial languages are increasing their support for them over time. More recently, declarative UIs are an exploding topic in industry, and these are related, although not as closely as one would expect. Declarative programming tries to focus on highlevel requirements, not low-level details. It is easier to do this if functions have no side effects, and immutable data is a guaranteed way of achieving this. To highlight this property, the declarative UI framework Flutter advertises “stateless widgets”, but their existence puts in highlights the lack of this property in most widgets. Consequently, we ask whether it is feasible to build a Graphical User Interface (GUI) toolkit using purely immutable data structures. To accomplish this objective, a purely immutable GUI toolkit is sketched and partially developed using Elm, a purely functional language in which all data structures are immutable. To understand the requirements of a GUI toolkit, we categorize and put in historical context, different design paradigms for UIs and relate them to core software-design principles. Leading toolkits allow developers to visualize and manage multiple views of their interfaces, including the view hierarchy, layout, interface to business logic, and focus management. By creating a concrete example, the research aims to provide insight into the limitations of utilizing purely immutable data within a GUI framework and suggests future work to mitigate these. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Si l’expression liaison du contentieux est communément utilisée en jurisprudence administrative, dans les manuels et ouvrages de contentieux administratif, c’est pour être confondue avec la règle de la décision administrative préalable. Or, la liaison du contentieux est plus vaste que cette dernière, elle renvoie à une réalité différente qui reste à découvrir. L’étude pratique de la liaison du contentieux révèle qu’elle est dans l’intérêt des parties à l’instance et qu’elle est l’instrument de travail du juge car sans elle, le litige ne peut être réglé. Et comme le litige est avant tout l’affaire des parties à l’instance, ce sont elles qui devront lier le contentieux. Le juge, destinataire de la liaison du contentieux, va intervenir dans sa réalisation alors qu’il restait initialement à l’extérieur de celle-ci. L’analyse juridique de la liaison du contentieux montre qu’elle exerce en parallèle, et ce à tous les niveaux du procès, une emprise forte sur la matière litigieuse qu’elle délimite. Le contentieux, qui se lie devant les premiers juges du fond, se cristallise en effet après l’expiration du délai de recours avant d’être rendu totalement immuable à la clôture de l’instruction. Le litige, tel qu’il a été lié, est « transféré » dans les instances dérivées pour être, éventuellement, rejugé. La liaison du contentieux se poursuit alors devant le juge d’appel et de cassation mais tout en assurant au litige son unicité. / If expression link of contentious is commonly used in administrative case law, in manuals and books of administrative contentious, it is to be confused with the rule of administrative decision. But the link of contentious is vaster than this last, it returns in a different reality which remains to discover. The practical study of link of contentious reveals that it is in interest of litigants and that itis the working instrument of the judge because without it, litigation cannot be settled out of court. And as litigation is before the affair of litigants, it is them who will have to link contentious. The judge, addressee of the link of contentious, is going to play a part of link of contentious’srealization while he resided outside this one initially. The juridical analysis of the link of contentious shows that it exercises in the same time a strong hold, at all the law suit, over the litigation which it delimits. In effect, the contentious, which linked in front of the first investigation magistrates, is crystallized after the expiry of the deadline of submission for a legal settlement before being completely irremovable at the close of investigation of the case. Litigation, such as it was linked, is possibly “transferred” in other proceedings to be re-judged. The link of contentious continues then in front of the judge of appeal and cassation but while ensuring to the litigation his uniqueness.

在我國抑或是世界其他的國家，肥胖的問題日趨嚴重，根據世界衛生組織（World Health Organization， WHO）的研究，2008年全球約有15億以上的超重成年人，其中有2億的男性和將近3億的女性體重已經達到所謂的「肥胖」，另外2010年全世界約有4300萬5歲以下的兒童超重 。綜上所述，肥胖的問題正影響著每一個社會。 肥胖者在日常生活中的食衣住行可能會受到一定的歧視與不便，由於可以討論的範圍過廣，本文僅聚焦在「就業上的肥胖歧視」。為了探討此問題，本文第二章說明何謂就業歧視，闡述肥胖者在就業上可能會面臨的歧視有哪些、主流群體對於肥胖的態度與刻板印象，最後論證國家就業上肥胖歧視的正當性與必要性。 第三章介紹美國法就業上肥胖歧視之解決途徑。在美國關於肥胖者於就業上受到的歧視，可能有三種法律救濟途徑。第一、可以尋找聯邦或是州法律有沒有在保護基於「身心障礙」之就業歧視；第二、他可以思考目前所面臨的「肥胖歧視」，得否繫於其他法律保護的歧視類型，例如：種族或是性別；第三、他可以尋找他所居住的州或是城市是否有針對肥胖歧視的直接立法？本文就美國聯邦與各州禁止身心障礙歧視的相關立法做初步的分析，並且帶出相關之判決；另本文亦分析某些州或城市直接禁止「肥胖歧視」之反歧視法與相關案例分析。 第四章則回到我國，分析我國目前法制關於就業上肥胖歧視之議題該如何處理，主要區分私人企業與國家兩種途徑，私人企業上，我們將著重在《就業服務法》第5條之規範，提出本文對於此條文用以解決肥胖歧視之利與弊；國家方面則從我國公務人員考試涉及BMI值判斷的合憲性。 最後第五章結論的部分，綜合分析美國法制與我國法制之間的異與同，最後提出個人對於此議題之建議，以期達到消弭就業上肥胖歧視之長遠目標。 / Obesity discrimination is a serious problem affecting millions of workers. Fat people, and fat women in particular, experience job-related discrimination in hiring, wages, and the terms and conditions of their employment. Hence, this research focus on the problem of obesity discrimination in employment. Part II defines "what is obesity?",and describes mainstream attitudes towards fatness, considers the empirical and anecdotal evidence demonstrating that fat people experience employment discrimination because of their obesity. Then discusses medical information about weight and health as well as weight loss in order to debunk the myth that being fat is always unhealthy and that weight loss is a viable or desirable outcome, this part concludes that being fat is immutable and deserve legal protection. Part III introduces American legal remedies. In America have three legal avenues to explore. First, someone could pursue an action under federal and state laws that protect people from employment discrimination based on disability or perceived disability. Second, someone could consider whether the weight discrimination he (or she) experienced was tied to him(or her) sex, race, or some other protected class. Finally, someone could determine whether any state or local law where he (or she) lived specifically prohibited weight discrimination in employment , since a few jurisdictions have included weight as protected category in their antidiscrimination laws. This part will discuss federal and state disability antidiscrimination laws and cases, and reviews antidiscrimination law passed by three earlier jurisdictions that specifically include weight as a protected category. Part IV discusses how to solve obesity discrimination in employment? This part separate privately owned businesses and national measure. In privately owned businesses, this part will focus on Employment Service Act Article 5 and analyze how to use Employment Service Act solve obesity discrimination in employment. On the side, this part will discuss on some national examinations have qualification restricted are constitutionally.

[pt] O sofrimento e o mal levantam uma série de questões sempre recorrentes. Tratando-se de homens e mulheres no contexto da mentalidade moderna, surge a indagação: como harmonizar a afirmação de um Deus Todo-Poderoso com a realidade do sofrimento e do mal, salvaguardando a autonomia do ser humano e do mundo? Através de três teólogos contemporâneos, Andrés Torres Queiruga, Jürgen Moltmann e Jon Sobrino, buscamos responder a esse questionamento, enfatizando a contribuição de cada um dos autores estudados, percebendo as lacunas e debruçando-nos sobre as críticas para completar, enriquecer e aprofundar suas reflexões. Nosso estudo parte de uma questão pastoral, refletida de forma teológico- sistemática, em vista de uma práxis cristã coerente para erradicar, amenizar e/ou integrar o sofrimento e o mal. / [en] Suffering and evil always raise a series of recurring questions. In dealing with man and woman, in the context of modern mentality, there arises an inquiry: how can we harmonize the affirmation of an All-Mighty God with the reality of suffering and evil, safeguarding the autonomy of the human being and the world? In dialogue with three contemporary theologians, Andrés Torres Queiruga, Jürgen Moltmann and Jon Sobrino, we try to deal with this questioning, emphasizing their contributions, detecting lacunas, and discerning the critiques in order to complement, enrich and deepen their considerations. Our study departs from a pastoral question, analyzed in a systematic-theological way, in order to establish a coherent Christian praxis which seeks to erradicate, ease and/or integrate the suffering and evil.