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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
461

Modelling and performance evaluation of an HV impulse test arrangement with HVDC bias

Shifidi, S. K. 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: From a systems operation and design perspective, it is important to understand the behaviour of HVDC system insulation when presented with high voltage transients, such as induced by lightning and switching operations. Therefore, this thesis investigates the design, operation and performance of a circuit arrangement that can be used in high voltage laboratories to generate impulse voltage waveforms superimposed on a dc bias voltage. The circuit arrangement consists of an impulse generator and a dc source that supplies continuous dc voltage to stress the test object, which can be any type of insulator, i.e. composite, porcelain, glass, gap arrangements, etc. The composite waveform obtained from the test arrangement is used experimentally to investigate the impulse flashover of insulators. For modelling and analysis purposes, the test circuit was transformed to a Laplace equivalent in order to derive the applicable nodal voltage equations. After substitution of circuit parameter values, the voltage equations are then transformed to time domain equations that predict the time-domain behaviour of the circuit. To validate this mathematical approach, the voltage waveforms obtained with this mathematical model is compared with the waveforms measured under laboratory conditions and also with waveforms simulated with HSPICE software. These comparisons are performed using graphical representations. Good correlation was obtained and the results are presented in this thesis. The final stage of this thesis discusses the application of the designed test arrangement for flashover and withstands tests on a silicon rubber insulator. The determination of the flashover values is done by using the existing statistical methods. The insulator was tested under dry conditions and also under polluted wet conditions for both positive and negative impulses compared to the DC bias voltage polarity. The results show that the dc bias voltage does not affect the total voltage flashover of the insulator significantly. It was also observed that wetting affects the flashover for negative impulse more severely, while the influence of wetting is minimal with positive impulse voltages / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vanuit ‘n stelselbedryf en ontwerp perspektief, is dit is belangrik om die gedrag van HSGS stelsels te verstaan wanneer dit onderwerp word aan hoogspanning oorgangsverskynsels soos veroorsaak deur weerlig en skakeloperasies. Daarom ondersoek hierdie tesis die ontwerp, werking en werkverrigting van ‘n stroombaanopstelling wat gebruik kan word in hoogspanningslaboratoriums om impulsspannings gesuperponeer op gelykspanning voorspannings op te wek. Die stroombaan bestaan uit ’n impulsgenerator en ‘n gs-bron wat die langdurige gs-spanning voorsien aan die toetsvoorwerp, wat enige tipe isolator kan wees. bv. porselein, glas, gapings, ens. Die saamgestelde golfvorm wat met die toetsopstelling verkry word, is eksperimenteel gebruik om die impulsoorvonking van isolators te ondersoek. Vir die doel van modellering and analise, is die stroombaan na ‘n Laplace ekwivalent getransformeer om die toepaslike knooppunt spanningsvergelykings af te lei. Na substitusie van die stroombaan parameter waardes, word die spanningsvergelykings getransformeer na die tydgebied vergelykings wat die tydgebied gedrag van die stroombaan voorspel. Om die wiskundige benadering te toets, word die spanningsgolfvorms wat met die wiskundige model voorspel word, vergelyk met golfvorms wat onder laboratorium toestande gemeet is en ook met golfvorms wat met HSPICE programmatuur gesimuleer is. Hierdie vergelykings word gedoen met behulp van grafiese voorstellings. Goeie korrelasie is verkry en die resultate word in die tesis gegee. Die finale stadium van hierdie tesis bespreek die toepassing van die ontwerpte toetsopstelling vir oorvonk- en weerstaantoetse op ‘n silikonrubber isolator. Die bepaling van die oorvonkwaardes word gedoen deur bestaande statistiese metodes te gebruik. Die isolator is onder droë en nat besoedelde toestande gedoen, vir beide positiewe sowel as negatiewe impulse met verwysing na die GS voorspan spanning. Die resultate toon dat die gsvoorspanning nie die oorvonkspanning van die isolator beïnvloed nie. Dit is ook waargeneem dat die benatting die oorvonking neer beïnvloed met ‘n negatiewe impuls terwyl die invloed minimaal is met positiewe impulsspannings.
462

網路口碑資訊從眾對衝動購買之影響 / The Effect of Electronic Word-of-Mouth Informational Conformity on Impulse Purchasing

何宜蓁, Ho, Yi Chen Unknown Date (has links)
根據美國National Endowment for Financial Education 2010年的調查,過去一年內80%的受訪者從事過衝動購買,可以認為衝動購買的發生十分普遍。衝動購買行為在過去數年已經受到多方領域的探討與研究,產出了豐富且重要的研究成果;隨著網際網路的出現,許多學者開始注意到網路對於線上或離線衝動購買的影響,但網路口碑對於衝動購買行為的影響尚有許多探討之空間,因此本研究的目的為探討網路口碑的資訊從眾對於消費者衝動購買之影響,以及商品需要和購買制約因素構成的干擾效果。本研究透過網路問卷進行研究資料的蒐集,調查對象為過去半年內曾經閱讀過某一商品網路口碑的網路使用者,共得有效樣本528份。研究結論為: 1. 消費者的網路口碑資訊從眾程度對於其閱讀商品網路口碑之後所產生的商品慾望具有正向影響,當網路口碑資訊從眾程度越高時,消費者閱讀口碑後的商品慾望程度也越高。此外,消費者受口碑影響後所產生的商品需要認知並不會干擾資訊從眾程度對於商品慾望的影響。 2. 消費者對於商品的慾望越高、衝動購買的意圖也越高。衝動購買意圖越高時,消費者衝動購買行為從事衝動購買的可能性也越高,並且只要稍加提高消費者的衝動購買意圖,衝動購買的可能性將大幅上升。 3. 衝動購買制約因素對於消費者的衝動購買意圖發展為衝動購買存在阻止效果,當消費者感受到制約因素時,衝動購買的發生可能性將降低。而主要會阻止消費者衝動購買的因素為「可運用購買預算的限制」。 本研究能提供給學術界與實務界進行衝動購買的研究參考與購物網站經營管理的規劃運用。
463

Les troubles du contrôle des impulsions en droit pénal canadien

Vincent, Julie 03 1900 (has links)
Un kleptomane, pris d’impulsions irrésistibles, peut-il être responsable pénalement de ses actes ? Voilà la question à l’origine de cette recherche. Les troubles du contrôle des impulsions sont des troubles mentaux caractérisés par l’impossibilité de résister à une impulsion. Comment peut-on concilier ceux-ci avec le droit pénal canadien sachant que la responsabilité criminelle repose sur le postulat voulant que seul un acte volontaire justifie une déclaration de culpabilité ? Afin d’avoir une étude exhaustive sur le sujet, nous avons choisi trois troubles du contrôle des impulsions, soit la kleptomanie, la pyromanie et le jeu pathologique. Cette sélection permet d’étudier à la fois l’imputabilité criminelle et l’imposition d’une sentence en droit pénal canadien. Cette étude propose un retour aux principes fondamentaux de la responsabilité criminelle et l’analyse du droit pénal canadien afin de démontrer que certains troubles du contrôle des impulsions (kleptomanie et pyromanie) entraînent chez le sujet atteint une incapacité criminelle, le rendant non criminellement responsable au sens de l’article 16 du Code criminel. Au surplus, cette recherche porte sur les principes entourant l’imposition d’une sentence en droit pénal canadien et étudie l’impact de ces maladies mentales au point de vue de la peine. Cette analyse démontre que les caractéristiques diagnostiques des troubles du contrôle des impulsions sont utilisées afin d’alourdir la peine imposée aux contrevenants. Nous considérons que celles-ci ne devraient pas être employées comme facteurs aggravants (particulièrement en matière de jeu pathologique), mais devraient plutôt être utilisées afin d’imposer une peine plus appropriée pour remédier à la problématique entraînant la commission des délits. / A kleptomaniac, taken by overpowering impulses, can he be criminally responsible for his actions? That is the question behind this research. The impulse control disorders are mental disorders characterized by the inability to resist an impulse. How can we reconcile this with the Canadian criminal law, knowing that criminal liability based on the assumption that only a voluntary act warrants a conviction? To gain a comprehensive study on the subject, we chose three impulse control disorders, kleptomania, pyromania and pathological gambling. This selection allows us to study both the criminal accountability and the imposition of a sentence in Canadian criminal law. This study proposes a return to fundamental principles of criminal responsibility and the analysis of Canadian criminal law to demonstrate that some impulse control disorders (kleptomania and pyromania) result in the subject reaching a criminal incapacity, making it not criminally responsible within the meaning of article 16 of the Criminal Code. Furthermore, this research focuses on the principles surrounding the imposition of a sentence in Canadian criminal law and explores the impact of mental illness in terms of the sentence. This analysis shows that the diagnostic features of impulse control disorders are used to increase the punishment imposed on offenders. We consider that these characteristic should not be used as aggravating factors (especially in pathological gambling), but should be used to impose a sentence more appropriate to remedy to the problem causing the commission of crimes.
464

Étude et conception d'une couche physique UWB-IR pour les réseaux BAN / Study and specification of a UWB-IR physical layer for Body Area Networks

Mebaley Ekome, Stéphane 06 November 2012 (has links)
Les réseaux à l'origine métropolitains, ont connu une tendance à rétrécir pour aujourd'hui se concentrer autour de l'être humain. Avec des équipements de plus en plus miniatures et les utilisateurs désireux de disposer en permanence des services qui leur sont accessibles à domicile, le réseau est envisagé plus petit, plus proche du corps. On assiste alors à l'émergence du réseau corporel, le Body Area Network (BAN), qui est constitué d'éléments situés sur le corps, à l'intérieur ou encore à une courte distance. Ce réseau à portée du corps génère de nouvelles problématiques, notamment celles de la puissance rayonnée par les équipements, leur taille, leur poids...Les applications et usages envisagés pour un tel réseau sont variés et couvrent plusieurs domaines d'activités, en l'occurrence le secteur du médical, du sport, et le multimédia. Ce réseau doit donc reposer sur une couche physique qui s'adapte aux contraintes de ces diverses applications, tout en favorisant des équipements de faible taille, faible complexité et de forte autonomie. La technologie Ultra Large Bande impulsionnelle (UWB-IR) est porteuse de nombreuses promesses pour satisfaire en partie les besoins des réseaux BAN, car autorisant des débits aussi bien réduits qu'élevés, et les architectures d'émission et réception utilisables pour cette technologie rendent possibles des équipements à faible complexité et faible coût, et dont la consommation énergétique est réduite.Ce travail de thèse a débuté alors qu'un processus de normalisation sur les BAN était en cours. L'objectif des travaux menés était de pouvoir contribuer en partie à ce processus de normalisation par la proposition d'une couche physique basée sur la radio impulsionnelle UWB (UWB-IR). Ainsi notre étude a porté sur le paramétrage de cette couche physique à partir de l'analyse des contraintes et requis techniques d'un réseau BAN. Les performances de cette couche physique ont ensuite été évaluées dans un contexte de canal UWB BAN et suivant le type d'architecture en réception, en particulier pour le récepteur non-cohérent. Enfin, une attention a été apportée sur la robustesse de la liaison en présence d'interférences bande étroite. Dans l'ensemble, ce travail a permis d'étudier et d'évaluer la pertinence d'une couche physique UWB-IR dans le contexte du réseau BAN / Absence de résumé en anglais
465

Modely vývoje inflace a její volatility v ČR / Models of inflation and its volatility in CZ

Bisová, Sára January 2010 (has links)
This paper focuses on analysing and modelling inflation and its dynamics in Czech Republic applying a special kind of econometric models. Firstly economic theory of inflation is mentioned - fundamental terms, measuring methods of inflation, the way Czech national bank is monitoring the inflation and obviously a short summary of historical evolution of inflation in Czech economy. In the second part of this paper two econometric concepts of modelling time series are introduced - vector autoregression models (VAR models) and volatility models, concretely ARCH and GARCH models. In connection with the VAR models, Granger causality, impulse response functions, cointegration and error correction models are described. The empirical part includes application of selected models on real time series of chosen macroeconomic indicators. The estimation outputs are interpreted and forecasts are implemented. The quality of chosen econometric models for modelling inflation in Czech Republic is discussed.
466

A seção de choque total de reação de íons pesados e a transparência nuclear / Total cross-section of heavy ion reactions and nuclear transparency

Rego, Ricardo Affonso do 12 December 1984 (has links)
Foi calculado microscopicamente a seção de choque total de reação para os sistemas ANTPOT. 12 C + ANTPOT. 12 C, ANTPOT. 1-2 C+ ANTPOT. 40 Ca, ANTPOT. 12 C + ANTPOT. 90 Zr, ANTPOT. 12 C + ANTPOT. 208 Pb, ANTPOT. 40 Ca + ANTPOT. 40 Ca, ANTPOT. 40 Ca + ANTPOT. 208 Pb, ANTPOT. 90 Zr + ANTPOT. 90 Zr, ANTPOT. 90 Zr + ANTPOT. 208 Pb e ANTPOT. 208 Pb + ANTPOT. 208 Pb numa ampla faixa de energia. Foi usada a expressão WKB para a defasagem imaginária, na representação do parâmetro do impacto. A parte imaginária do potencial óptico foi construída, usando o primeiro termo da teoria de espalhamento múltiplo, incorporando na sua expressão o principio de Pauli. A inclusão da interação nuclear e coulombiana mostrou ser importante. Os resultados teóricos não se apresentam em bom acordo com os poucos dados experimentais existentes, a baixas energias. Este resultado foi atribuído a fraca absorção contida no potencial imaginário, que contém o processo de knock-out quase-livre como mecanismo dominante de reação. / The total reaction cross section of the systems 12C +12C, 12C + 40Ca, 12C + 90Zr, 12C + 208 Pb, 40Ca + 40Ca, 40Ca + 208Pb, 90Zr + 90Zr, 90 Zr + 208 Pb and 20B Pb + 208 Pb for a wide range of energies has been calculated microscopically. A WKB expression for the imaginary part of the optical potential has been constructed by using the first term of multiple scattering theory with the effect of Pauli blocking incorporated into it. The inclusion of the nuclear and Coulomb interactions is shown to be important. The theoretical results do not show very good agreement with the experimental data at lower energies. This is attributed to the weak absorption contained in the imaginary potential of the tpApB interaction, wich contained only quasi-free knock-out as the dominant reaction mechanism.
467

[en] REVISITING DEPRESSION / [pt] REVISITANDO A DEPRESSÃO

ELIANE MENDLOWICZ 13 January 2004 (has links)
[pt] Este trabalho, através de um percurso crítico das principais contribuições teóricas da psicanálise sobre a depressão, defende a importância de se delimitar a neurose depressiva, como uma das neuroses com que nos deparamos freqüentemente na clínica. O narcisismo é um conceito crucial neste quadro, e é considerado aqui como uma estrutura permanente. Nesta perspectiva é a tensão entre o ideal do eu e o eu que desbalanceada vai provocar uma quebra narcísica,abrindo as portas para o acosso da pulsão de morte, que invade o eu que é engolfado pela depressão. Valoriza-se também a recusa à perda (Verleugnung) como um operador essencial da depressão, uma vez que uma corrente do psquismo aceita a perda, mas outra, inconsciente, a recusa. Discute-se a idéia de que, diante de uma perda significativa, dois destinos são possíveis: a elaboração do luto ou a melancolia e, defende-se que são vários os destinos possíveis de um luto, incluindo-se as neuroses de angústia, depressões e compulsões. Uma vez que a depressão ocupa, em termos de incidência, o lugar que a histeria ocupava na época de Freud, considera- se os laços dessa patologia com as modificações da organização social características da atualidade e, para justificar que acontecimentos recentes dolorosos provocam parcialmente a neurose depressiva, recorre-se à teoria sobre o trauma, concebendo-o como o que provoca uma injúria narcísica capaz de causar um desinvestimento no eu. / [en] The objective of this thesis is to provide a systematic study of the depressive neuroses by reviewing and evaluating the main theoretical psychoanalytic contributions on this subject. Narcissism is a crucial concept, and is considered here as a permanent structure. In this perspective it is the increased tension between the ego ideal and the ego that provokes a narcissistic break, and as a consequence of this, the death impulse invades the ego, which succumbs to depression. The concept of denial (Verleugnung) is considered as an essential operator for depression, for one psychic current accepts the loss but the other, unconscious, disavowels it. Facing the argument that when there is a significant loss, two outcomes are possible: the elaboration of mourning or the melancholy, we defend instead,that several outcomes are possible after a loss, including the neuroses of anguish, depressions and compulsions. Today depression occupies the place that hysteria occupied at the time of Freud, so the links between depression and the modern social changes are studied. To prove that recent painful events can also provoke, at least partially, a depressive neurosis, the theory of trauma is evoked. A major concept discussed is the capability of trauma to establish a narcissistic wound that causes a discontinuity in the ego.
468

Towards a « Neuro-Encryption » system : from understanding the influence of brain oscillations in vision to controlling perception / Vers un système de "neuro-encryption" : de la compréhension de l'influence des oscillations cérébrales en vision au contrôle de la perception

Brüers, Sasskia 27 October 2017 (has links)
L'activité de notre cerveau est intrinsèquement rythmique : des oscillations sont observées à tous les niveaux de son organisation. Cette rythmicité de l'activité cérébrale influence notre perception. En effet, au lieu de superviser continuellement notre environnement, notre cerveau effectue de brèves " clichés " du monde extérieur (entre 5 et 15 par seconde). Cela crée des cycles perpétuels : notre perception visuelle fluctue en fonction de la phase de l'oscillation sous- jacente. De nombreuses données témoignent du fait que les oscillations cérébrales à différentes fréquences sont fondamentales à la formation de notre perception visuelle. Lors de cette thèse, nous avons utilisé le Paradigme de Bruit Blanc comme outil pour comprendre l'influence des oscillations sur la perception visuelle et qui par extension pourra être utilisé pour contrôler cette perception. Le paradigme de bruit blanc visuel utilise des séquences de flashs dont la luminance varie aléatoirement (créant ainsi du " bruit blanc "), comme stimuli, qui contraignent l'activité cérébrale de manière prédictible. Les réponses impulsionnelles à ces séquences de bruit blanc sont caractérisées par une composante oscillatoire forte dans la bande alpha (~10Hz), similaire à un écho perceptuel. Puisque les réponses impulsionnelles sont un modèle de la réponse de notre cerveau à un flash dans la séquence de bruit blanc, elles peuvent être utilisées pour reconstruire (plutôt qu'enregistrer) l'activité cérébrale en réponse à de nouvelles séquences de stimulation. Par ailleurs, des cibles ont été introduites au sein des séquences de bruit blanc à un niveau proche du seuil de perception, et le décours temporel de cette activité reconstruite autour de la présentation des cibles a été extrait. Ainsi, l'EEG reconstruit peut être utilisé pour étudier l'influence de ces oscillations contraintes sur la perception visuelle, indépendamment des autres types de signaux généralement enregistrés dans l'EEG. Dans un premier temps, nous avons validé le paradigme de bruit blanc en montrant que : 1) les séquences de bruits blancs influencent bien la détection des cibles, 2) les échos perceptuels évoqués par les séquences de bruit blancs sont stables dans le temps, 3) ces échos sont un bon modèle de l'activité cérébrale enregistrée par EEG, et 4) leurs bases neuronales se situent dans les aires visuelles primaires. Dans un second temps, nous avons étudié la relation entre ces oscillations cérébrales contrôlées par la séquence de bruit blanc et la détection des cibles. Ici, nous montrons que l'activité EEG reconstruite nous aide à déterminer la véritable latence à laquelle la phase de l'oscillation (thêta) influence la perception. De plus, nous avons aussi montré que l'amplitude de l'oscillation (alpha) influence la détection des cibles et ce, indépendamment des fluctuations des facteurs endogènes (tel que l'attention). Enfin, tirant parti de ce lien entre oscillation et perception, nous construisons deux algorithmes qui permettent de contrôler la perception des sujets. Tout d'abord, nous mettons au point un modèle " universel " de la perception qui permet de prédire, pour n'importe quel observateur, si une cible dans une séquence de bruit blanc sera vue ou non. Ensuite, nous construisons un modèle individuel qui utilise l'écho perceptuel de chaque sujet comme clé de cryptage et nous permet de présenter des cibles à des moments où la cible sera détectée par un sujet seulement au détriment de tous les autres sujets, créant ainsi une sorte de système de cryptage neuronal (" Neuro-Encryption "). / Our brain activity is inherently rhythmic: oscillations can be found at all levels of organization. This rhythmicity in brain activity gives a rhythm to what we see: instead of continuously monitoring the environment, our brains take "snapshots" of the external world from 5 to 15 times a second. This creates perceptual cycles: depending on the phase of the underlying oscillation, our perceptual abilities fluctuate. Accumulating evidence shows that brains oscillations at various frequencies are instrumental in shaping visual perception. At the heart of this thesis lies the White Noise Paradigm, which we designed as a tool to better understand the influence of oscillations on visual perception and which ultimately could be used to control visual perception. The White Noise Paradigm uses streams of flashes with random luminance (i.e. white noise) as stimuli, which have been shown to constrain brain oscillations in a predictable manner. The impulse response to WN sequences has a strong (subject specific) oscillatory component at ~10Hz akin to a perceptual echo. Since the impulse response is a model of how our brains respond to one single flash in the sequence, they can be used to reconstruct (rather than record) the brain activity to new stimulation sequences. We then present near-perceptual threshold targets embedded within the WN sequences and extract the time course of these predicted/reconstructed background oscillations around target presentation. Thus, the reconstructed EEG can be used to study the influence of the oscillatory components on visual perception, independently of other types of signals usually recorded in the EEG. First, we validate the White Noise Paradigm by showing that: 1) the WN sequences do modulate behaviour, 2) the perceptual echoes evoked by these WN sequences are stable in time, 3) they are a (relatively) good model of the subject's recorded brain activity and 4) their neuronal basis can be found in the early visual areas. Second, we investigate the relationship between these constrained brain oscillations and visual perception. Specifically, we show that the reconstructed EEG can help us recover the true latency at which (theta) phase influences perception. Moreover, it can help us uncover a causal influence of (alpha) power on target detection, independently from any fluctuation in endogenous factors. Finally, capitalizing on the link between oscillations and perception, we build two algorithms used to control the perception of subjects. First, we build a "universal" forward model which can predict for any observer whether a particular target will be seen or not. Second, we build a subject-dependent model which can predict whether a particular subject (for whom EEG was recorded previously) will perceive a given target or not. Critically, this can be used to present targets optimized to be perceived by one subject only, to the detriment of all other subjects, creating a sort of "Neuro-Encryption" system.
469

Modelos multivariados com Markov Switching aplicados à política monetária brasileira / Multivariated models with Markov Switching applying to brazilian monetary policy

Moreira, Rafael Henrique Rodrigues 18 October 2006 (has links)
RESUMO No início de 1995 foi adotado no Brasil o Plano Real, tendo como um dos seus tripés de sustentação a busca pelo combate ao processo inflacionário crônico brasileiro que já se estendia por um longo período. Assim, a política monetária passou a ter um papel importante na determinação das variáveis macroeconômicas. Este trabalho busca analisar uma regra de política monetária que capte as variações ocorridas em todo o período do Plano Real, se estendendo até meados de 2005, bem como se deram as relações entre as variáveis econômicas neste período. A especificação proposta consiste na estimação de modelos não-lineares distintos dependendo do estado da economia (em crise ou fora de crise). Utilizamos um modelo com chaveamento Markoviano para a dinâmica da taxa de juros nominal onde a determinação de períodos de crise é feita por uma variável nãoobservada. Além disso, procuramos adotar dois algoritmos distintos de estimação, Expectation-Maximization (EM) e Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC), concluindo que a análise para ambos é bastante próxima, sendo identificados os mesmos períodos entre regimes. Finalmente, motivamos a estimação através de modelos econômicos teóricos cujas dinâmicas são compatíveis com uma regra de fixação de juros não-linear, avaliando os padrões de resposta a impulso condicionados ao estado da economia (regimes de estabilidade e crise econômica). / ABSTRACT In the beginning of 1995, continuing the process of inflation combat, the monetary policy should have been an important role in the determinacy of macroeconomics variables. This work has a target analyzing a monetary rule that reflects the occurred variations in every Real Plan?s period. The specification proposed by the authors consists in an estimation of two independent nonlinear models for different states of the nature (crises or not crises). Here we estimate a model where the dynamic of the nominal interest rate follows a Markov Switching process and the regimes are unobservable variables. In addition, we try adopting two different algorithms to estimation; Expectation-Maximization (EM) and Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC), concluded that the results are very similar. Finally, we motivate the estimations analyzing models where the theoretical dynamics of the economy are compatible with a nonlinear interest rate rule, analyzing the impulse response conditioned to state of economy (regimes of crises or not crises).
470

Avaliação do tratamento cognitivo-comportamental estruturado para grupo de pacientes com tricotilomania / Assessment of structured cognitive-behavioral therapy in a group of patients with trichotillomania

Toledo, Edson Luiz de 14 April 2014 (has links)
Tricotilomania (TTM) é um transtorno prevalente e incapacitante caracterizado pelo repetitivo arrancar de cabelo, sendo, atualmente, classificada no grupo dos transtornos relacionados ao transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo (APA, 2013). Diversos estudos foram apresentados na literatura clínica, sugerindo que a TTM é mais comum do que se acreditava e várias propostas de tratamento foram apresentadas. As pesquisas do comportamento em pacientes com TTM têm focalizado seus fatores mantenedores. Entretanto, devemos considerar o potencial papel das cognições que podem operar junto com variáveis de comportamento, na etiologia e manutenção da TTM. Exceto por três estudos controlados para Terapia de Reversão de Hábito, até o momento, não foram publicados estudos controlados sobre o uso de Terapia Cognitivo-comportamental (TCC) em TTM; apenas relatos e séries de casos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo testar um programa manualizado de TCC em Grupo (TCC-G) para portadores de TTM, diagnosticados de acordo com o Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Doenças Mentais - 4ª Edição (DSM-IV). Os pacientes com TTM foram alocados aleatoriamente em um dos dois grupos, sendo que um grupo experimental (n=22) participou de TCC-G e o outro grupo controle (n=22) participou de Terapia de Apoio em Grupo (TA-G). Durante o estudo, os participantes do grupo experimental participaram de vinte e duas sessões de um programa de TCC-G manualizado. A principal variável de desfecho foi a Massachusetts General Hospital Hair Pulling Scale (MGH-HPS), as demais variáveis secundárias de desfecho foram: Inventário de Depressão de Beck (Beck Depression Inventory - BDI), Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (Beck Anxiety Inventory - BAI), Escala Adequação Social (EAS) e Escala de Impressão Clínica Global (CGI). Os grupos experimental e controle foram comparados em três momentos: na triagem, no início e no final das intervenções, utilizando-se análise de variância (ANOVA) para medidas repetidas. Ambos os grupos apresentaram melhora significativa dos sintomas de TTM e depressão ao longo do tratamento (p < 0,001). Sintomas ansiosos e ajustamento social não apresentaram variação significativa. O grupo experimental mostrou uma redução significativamente maior dos sintomas de TTM em comparação com o grupo controle (p=0,038) ao fim do tratamento. Conclui-se que a TCC-G é um método válido para o tratamento da TTM. Revisões futuras e ampliações deste modelo devem ser realizadas para que esse possa abarcar de forma mais eficaz a sintomatologia concorrente, em especial, ansiedade, e o ajustamento social / Trichotillomania (TTM) is a prevalent, disabling disorder, characterized by repetitive hair pulling, which is now included in the obsessive-compulsive and related disorders chapter of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition, DSM-V). There is now evidence that TTM is more common than previously believed, and various treatments have been proposed. Behavioral studies in TTM patients have focused on their maintaining factors. However, it is possible that variables related to cognition, as well as those related to behavior, play a role in etiology and maintenance of TTM. With the exception of three studies of habit reversal therapy, there have been no controlled studies of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in TTM. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of manual-based group CBT (GCBT), in comparison with that of supportive group therapy (SGT), in 44 patients diagnosed with TTM according to DSM-IV criteria. Patients were randomly allocated to receive 22 sessions of manual-based GCBT (n=22) or SGT (n=22). The main outcome variable was the Massachusetts General Hospital - Hairpulling Scale score. Secondary outcome variables were the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventory scores, as well as the Social Adjustment Scale-Self-Report score and the Clinical Global Impression score. Using analysis of variance for repeated measures, we compared the two groups at three time points: at the initial screening; at treatment initiation; and at the end of treatment. After treatment, both groups showed significant improvement in symptoms of TTM and depression (p < 0.001), although there were no significant differences in terms of social adjustment or symptoms of anxiety. The improvement in TTM symptoms was more pronounced in the GCBT group than in the SGT group (p=0.038). We conclude that GCBT is a valid method for the treatment of TTM. However, the GCBT treatment model should be revised and expanded in order to treat TTM comorbidities, especially anxiety and social dysfunction, more effectively

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