Tendo em vista a compreensão dos significados atribuídos às infeções oportunistas pelos pacientes HIV+ entre os moçambicanos da etnia Tsonga do distrito de Xai-Xai e a consequente busca de atendimento nas redes tradicionais de cura, na pesquisa adotamos uma metodologia qualitativa com caráter etnográfico. Embora Xai-Xai seja a capital de Gaza, importante província de Moçambique, ali, os Tsonga ainda estão muito inseridos nas redes tradicionais de cura. Por outro lado, a rede do Sistema Nacional da Saude se faz também presente e não muito precária, relativamente ao resto do país. Essa peculiaridade nos levou a indagação central do trabalho: no que concerne aos pacientes HIV+ será que os serviços de saúde do distrito da cidade de Xai-Xai dispõem de estruturas de acolhimento tão adequadas aos pressupostos ontológicos da cultura local quanto as redes tradicionais de cura? A nossa hipótese é a de que o desajuste de um acolhimento inadequado aos pacientes Tsonga impele-os a intensificar a busca de cuidados alternativos à medicina convencional nas redes tradicionais. A metodologia que escolhemos permitiu-nos compreender as vivências dos pacientes não somente a partir das questões apresentadas verbalmente, mas também podemos acompanhar as suas práticas cotidianas relacionadas a busca de cura. A pesquisa fez nos perceber que a ausência do diálogo entre a biomedicina e as redes tradicionais de cura influência em grande medida o elevado número de óbitos e a não retenção dos pacientes em Tratamento antiretroviral- Tarv mesmo com as constantes reinvenções de políticas de assistência aos pacientes HIV+. A situação colonial dessa relação se consubstância na negação ou subalternização do conhecimento local mesmo por atores nativos que atuam no sistema nacional de saúde. / In order to understand the meanings attributed to opportunistic infections by HIV+ patients among the Tsonga Mozambicans in the Xai-Xai district and the consequent search for care in the traditional healing networks, a qualitative methodology with an ethnographic character was used in the research. Although Xai-Xai is the capital of Gaza, a major province in Mozambique, the Tsonga are still very much embedded in traditional healing networks. On the other hand, the network of the National Health System is also present and not very precarious, relative to the rest of the country. This peculiarity has led us to the central inquiry of the work: as far as HIV + patients are concerned, the health services of the Xai-Xai city district have reception facilities that are as appropriate to the ontological presumptions of the local culture as the traditional cure? Our hypothesis is that the mismatch of inadequate care for Tsonga patients prompts them to intensify the search for alternative care to conventional medicine in traditional networks. The methodology we chose allowed us to understand the patients' experiences not only from the questions presented verbally, but we can also follow their daily practices related to the search for cure. The research made us realize that the absence of dialogue between biomedicine and traditional healing networks greatly influences the high number of deaths and non-retention of patients in antiretroviral treatment-TARV even with the constant reinvention of HIV+ patient care policies. The colonial situation of this relationship is consubstantiated in the negation or subalternization of local knowledge even by native actors who work in the national health system.

The main goal of this diploma thesis is to map out the area of communication and cooperation between the pupil's parents and school in a conflict situation. At the same time, this thesis examines the impact of said situation on the optimal development of the child, who is in conflicting posture against the two institutions. The theoretical part is devoted to introducing the basic functioning of family and school, its mutual relations and forms of contact between the two institutions. It also illuminates the possible modes of cooperation between parents and school and possible conflicts arising from the relationship. Theoretical framework is focused on the child at the start of compulsory education and his main developmental tasks during the primary school age. The main focus of the thesis is the empirical part, undertaken in the framework of quantitative methodological approach. The case study focuses on a pupil and the critical points of conflict among the school and family as institutions and the child between them. Using analysis of documents, semi-structured interviews and observations, the complicated relationship of particular family and school was researched, and as well the impact of the relations on the development of the child. The findings suggest, that ineffective cooperation and...

The target of my thesis is the examination of influence of accounting entries on formulation of financial analysis indicators, bond between indicators and evaluation of company financial situation. Financial situation is reviewed by means of ratio indicators, financial health indicators and pyramidal analysis. On the basis of results it is a rushing business. It is very sound business. Only in the year 2004 it records financial loss in an amount 357 million CZK due to extraordinary costs of company restructuring. The company shows a profit in other years. The profit has a progressive trend. The company realizes a profit due to a consistent control of operating costs and lower long-term liabilities and short-term credits. It should follow settlement of short-term liabilities better and liquidity.

The aim of Diploma Thesis was to focus to one of key topics of the management psychology {--} to interpersonal relationships in teams at working place of the National Enterprise Budějovický Budvar: To obtain particular data it was necessary to perform qualitatively-quantitative research based on a questionnaire survey, interviews and observations. An output of the thesis is to help selected companies in a practical solution of revealed problems.

The object of this diploma thesis was to analyze the tourism potential in the Macha{\crq}s region and analyze the partnership between subjects of tourism in this area. Tourist attractions and tourist services were analyzed too. There were given tips to improve the development of tourism.

This study focuses on the stress perception, stressful academic situations, andstress management strategies in studies of Swedish and Peruvian students from ateacher-training program. The research design that is applied for this purpose iscomparative. The sample includes Swedish and Peruvian second year students andadministrative staff from a teacher-training program. The research instruments arequestionnaires and interviews.Percepción de estrés, experiencias académicasestresantes y afrontamiento en los estudiosUna investigación comparativa entre estudiantesde educación de Perú y SueciaMaría del PilarGonzález VigilEducación Vol. XVII, N° 32, marzo 2008, pp. 49-66 / ISSN 1019-940350Educación Vol. XVII, N° 32, 2008 / ISSN 1019-9403María del Pilar González VigilThe main findings of this study indicate that in spite of the cultural differences,both groups of students present as many similarities as differences. On theone hand, Swedish and Peruvian students present some similarities consideringspecific stressful academic situations; their perception of stress as negative intheir academic performance, emotional state and health; their variable competenceto manage stress in studies; and their desire for having a course on stressmanagement. On the other hand, both groups manifest a particular profile in theway they perceive stress, experience specific stress effects, and manage stressfulacademic situations. These findings show the importance of education in stressmanagement strategies, taking cultural differences into account. This will allowstudents to handle stressful academic situations and deliver performance accordingto their capacities. / La investigación a continuación se enfoca en describir la experiencia de estrés académicode estudiantes peruanos y suecos que cursan el segundo año de la carrerade Educación. La investigación es de tipo comparativo y analiza cualitativamentela información recolectada mediante un cuestionario de preguntas abiertas, creadopara esta investigación, además de entrevistas realizadas al personal administrativode las universidades de la muestra.Los resultados indican que los estudiantes peruanos y suecos coinciden en lassituaciones académicas que consideran estresantes, en su percepción negativa delos efectos del estrés en su desempeño, salud y estado de ánimo, y en su interés enun curso sobre afrontamiento. En cambio, los estudiantes difieren considerablementeen su forma de definir el estrés, en algunos efectos negativos específicos yen sus estilos de afrontamiento.Finalmente, esta investigación señala la importancia de formar a los estudiantesen el tema de estrategias de afrontamiento teniendo en cuenta sus característicasculturales, porque de esta manera podrán manejar adecuadamente las situacionesacadémicas estresantes y sus desempeños reflejarán sus capacidades.

The change from static to genetic perspective involves an enlargement of the phenomenological field. The main subject is not anymore the description of the essential notes of a phenomenon but rather the search for its origins. New levels of objects and consciousness arise as consequence of this new approach. The structures of subjectivity revealed by the genetic inquiry constitute the field of passivity. / El pasaje de la perspectiva estática a la genética implicó una ampliación del campo de la indagación fenomenológica. En efecto, el desplazamiento del interés desde la descripción de las invariantes estructurales que definen a un fenómeno dado hacia la pregunta retrospectiva por su origen colocó en el centro de la investigación no solo un conjunto de nuevos objetos, sino que puso a la luz nuevos niveles de conciencia. Estas capas situadas por debajo de la actividad yoica constituyen el campo de la pasividad.

The aim of this project was to change the way cutting techniques are being taught. I wished to try a method which I believed to enhance my students´ participation and understanding of their education. My purpose was to reduce the gap between theory and practice. After conducting a learning style test I found that most of them considered the best way for them to learn was by combining practice with dialogue and reflection of the tasks being done. That is why we tried to start working with the practical elements rather than traditionally starting with the theoretical aspects, while carefully intertwining terms and language of the trade into the education. Once the theoretical part of the education commenced it was clear that the students had already gained a level of knowledge that made it easier for them to understand the theories as well as to experience greater participation of their education. During this time, the students have used blogs in order to document their work in words and images. The purpose of this was to give them the opportunity to for themselves see and realize their own progress. The way we worked resulted in enhanced interaction between me and the students´. The project further showed greater commitment and understanding, and I experience an easier realization of their own development amongst the students. / Syftet med detta utvecklingsarbete var att försöka förändra sättet vi organiserar verksamheten närelever ska lära sig klippteknik. Jag ville pröva en metod som jag trodde skulle öka elevernas delaktighet och förståelse i undervisningen. Mitt mål var att försöka överbygga klyftan mellan teorioch praktik. Efter att ett lärstilstest genomförts med eleverna fann jag att de flesta ansåg sig lära bäst genom att vi kombinerar görandet med att samtala och reflektera om det man gör. Därför prövade vi att vända undervisningen och började arbeta med de praktiska momenten istället för traditionsenligt med teori. Under tiden flätade vi in termer och fackspråk. När vi sedan startade med teorin var det tydligt att de hade tillskansat sig förkunskaper för att lättare förstå teorin känna större delaktighet. Under arbetets gång har elever använt sig av bloggar för att med text och bilddokumentera sina arbeten och syftet med detta har varit att de själva ska se sin kunskapsutveckling. Som ett resultat av sättet vi arbetat på kan jag se att interaktionen mellan lärare och elever ökat. Resultatet av arbetet visar på större engagemang, förståelse och jag upplever att eleverna lättare ser sin egen kunskapsutveckling.

Óxidos transparentes condutores (OTC) são materiais que possuem simultaneamente uma condutividade elétrica, com uma transparência de aproximadamente 90% no espectro visível. Devido a estas características, existe um grande interesse da indústria na aplicação dos OTC em dispositivos eletrônicos como células solares, transistores transparentes, display eletrônico, entre outros. Os OTC podem ser sintetizados tanto na fase cristalina quanto amorfa, mas é conhecido que o tamanho do raio catiônico tem papel fundamental na determinação das estruturas corundum e bixbyite no sistemas M2O3, que engloba o In2O3, Ga2O3 e Al2O3, materiais largamente utilizados. Embora estes óxidos tenham sido amplamente estudados, nesta tese que utiliza ferramentas teóricas baseadas na teria do funcional da densidade, é mostrado que o raio pequeno (grandes) do Al (In) favorece a cristalização da estrutura corundum (bixbyite). Por outro lado, devido ao raio intermediário do Ga, a hibridização entre os estados d do Ga e s do O, que é favorecida pelos sítios com coordenação quatro na estrutura gallia, é a chave fundamental para fazer o Ga2O3 cristaliza em gallia e não em corundum ou bixbyite. A estrutura cristalina, juntamente com os átomos que compões o sistema são fatores que determinam as propriedades eletrônicas e ópticas. Sabe-se que o In2O3 possui uma alta transparência devido a um número muito grande de transições proibidas entre os estados da banda de valência e condução, resultando em uma disparidade entre a banda proibida óptica e fundamental. Nesta tese é mostrado que três fatores são fundamentais para gerar a disparidade entre as bandas: (i) simetria de inversão na célula cristalina; (ii) mínimo da banda de condução formada por estados s do cátion e do O; (iii) vizinhança do máximo da banda de valência com um alto acoplamento entre os estados d do cátion e p do O. Estas três características, que determinam um mecanismo de geração da disparidade entre as bandas, levam os estados da banda de valência e banda de condução à mesma paridade, sendo assim, transições por dipolo são sempre proibida. Esta banda proibida óptica ainda pode depender de um outro fator: a intensidade luminosa. Sob a condição de alta iluminação, transições ópticas de pequena amplitude fora do ponto Γ, que poderiam ser desprezadas sob baixa iluminação, passam a ter uma importância muito maior. Uma consequência direta deste efeito é que sob forte (baixa) iluminação a banda proibida óptica \"clara\" (\"escura\") coincide (não necessariamente coincide) com a banda proibida fundamental. Tendo estes conhecimentos, é possível controlar as propriedades ópticas de um OTC através da composição catiônica de um multi composto, por exemplo. O acoplamento entre os estados p do O e d dos cátions é a principal característica eletrônica afetada de acordo com a composição estequiométrica dos multi compostos, refletindo diretamente nas propriedades ópticas. De acordo com o modelo de geração de disparidade entre as bandas mencionado anteriormente, a mistura de M2O3-ZnO é mais vantajosa para os OTC do que a mistura In2O3-SnO2 devido ao grande acoplamento dos estados d do Zn com os estados p do O nas proximidades do máximo da banda de valência. / Transparent conducting oxides (TCO) are materials that combine electrical conductivity, with transparency around 90% in visible spectrum. Due to these characteristics, there is strong industrial interest in applying TCO in electronic devices, such as solar cells, transparent transistors, electronic displays, etc. TCO can be synthesized in crystalline or amorphous phase, however it is know that the atomic radius plays an important rule in the corundum and bixbyite crystals structures of M2O3, associated with In2O3, Ga2O3 and Al2O3, which are materials widely used. Although these oxides was deeply studied, in this thesis which use theoretical tools based on density functional theory, it is shown that the small (large) radii of Al (In) favor the crystal structure corundum (bixbyite). On the other hand, because of the intermediate radii of Ga, the hybridization between the d states of Ga and the s states of O, which is favor by the four fold site in the gallia structure, is the fundamental key to makes Ga2O3 crystallize in gallia and not in corundum or bixbyite. The crystal structures with the atomic composition are facts that determine the electronic and optical properties. It is known that In2O3 have a high transparency because the large number of forbidden dipole transition between the valence and conduction bands states, resulting in a disparity between the optical and fundamental band gaps. In this thesis it is shown that three fundamental keys are necessary to generate the disparity between the gaps: (i) crystal structure with inversion symmetry; (ii) conduction band minimum formed by cations and O s states; (iii) high coupling between the cation d states and O p states in the vicinity of valence band maximum. These three characteristics, which determine a mechanism to generate the disparity between the gaps, leads the valence and conduction band states to the same parity, resulting in dipole forbidden optical transition. The optical band gap may depend on another effect: the light intensity. Under high illumination, optical transition with small amplitude out of Γ point, which are neglected under low illumination, became more important. A directly consequence of this effect is that under high (low) illumination the \"bright\" (\"dark\") optical band gap coincide (not necessary coincide) with the fundamental band gap. Having this knowledge, it is possible to tune the optical properties of the TCO through the cation composition in the multi compounds, for example. The coupling between the O p and cations d states is the main electronic characteristic affected by the stoichiometric composition, reflecting directly in the optical properties. According to the band gap disparity mechanism, mentioned previously, the mixture of M2O3-ZnO is more advantageous for TCO than the In2O3-SnO2 mixture due to the high coupling between the Zn d states with the O p states in the vicinity of valence band maximum.

Submitted by Elesbão Santiago Neto (neto10uepb@cche.uepb.edu.br) on 2016-09-20T17:38:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Alexandre Magno Ramos Paiva.pdf: 1242635 bytes, checksum: d5d21ef9b91dc773cebbe41b206144ca (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-20T17:38:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Alexandre Magno Ramos Paiva.pdf: 1242635 bytes, checksum: d5d21ef9b91dc773cebbe41b206144ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-16 / CAPES / After the Cold War, Brazil and United States started a new phase concerning the international commerce, in which Brazil established itself as a global trader, competing with the US products in the world market, mainly in respect to the commodities sector. Cotton, an important raw-material, makes part of in this scenario, and it was the reason for the greatest contend involving the two countries. The process by which Brazil contests the American subsidies toward their local producers dates back to 2002 and had a favorable outcome to the Latin- American country in 2005, when the World Trade Organization recognized the damaging effects resulting from the American practices in the world market of this product. Afterwards, there was a retaliation plead from Brazil and its subsequent authorization, being permitted to cross-retaliate, by which Brazil could break copyrights, for instance, in its compensating efforts. The two countries, ever since, keep a dialogue agenda about the best solution to the case, with a frame-work signed in 2010. The research aims to comprehend how this contentious trespassed the limits of the countries involved, bringing about some sort of international appeal and collaborating for the Brazilian insertion in the World as a global player. The first chapter deals with the reformulation of the domestic scenario, putting the Brazilian State closer to its internal productive sectors, as well as the changings occurred in the international commerce. In the second chapter, there's en explanation about the rules which involves the OMC disputes and how the case between Brazil and USA was conducted, with special highlight for the cotton contentious. Finally, in the last chapter, it is given a major emphasis in the external scenario and how it swayed the decisions of the two contenders for achieving the up-to-date result. The Brazilian victory in the cotton dispute reveals a greater Brazilian protagonist role in the developing world and the rising of its power in the commercial discussions. / Com o final da Guerra Fria, Brasil e Estados Unidos entram numa nova fase em termos de comércio internacional, na qual o Brasil se estabelece como um global trader e passa a concorrer com os produtos norte-americanos no mercado mundial, principalmente no que diz respeito ao setor de commodities. O algodão, importante matéria-prima, se insere nesse novo cenário, e foi motivo da maior contenda envolvendo esses dois países. O processo pelo qual o Brasil contestava os subsídios concedidos pelos norte-americanos aos seus produtores locais data de 2002 e ganhou um desfecho favorável ao país sul-americano em 2005, quando a Organização Mundial do Comércio reconheceu o efeito funesto resultante das práticas norte-americanas no mercado internacional desse produto. Posteriormente, houve o pedido de retaliação por parte do Brasil e sua consequente autorização, sendo-a permitida sob a forma cruzada, ou seja, podendo envolver quebras de patentes, por exemplo, nos seus esforços de ressarcimento. Os dois países, desde então, vêm mantendo uma agenda de diálogo acerca da melhor maneira de solucionar esse contencioso, havendo um acordo sido assinado em 2010. A pesquisa visa compreender como essa contenda ultrapassou os limites dos países envolvidos, ganhando apelo internacional e contribuindo para a inserção do Brasil no mundo como um global player. O primeiro capítulo trata da reforma no cenário doméstico, aproximando o Estado brasileiro dos setores produtivos locais, bem como as mudanças ocorridas no comércio internacional. No segundo capítulo, há uma explanação sobre as regras que circunscrevem as disputas na OMC e como o caso entre Brasil e Estados Unidos foi conduzido, com especial ênfase para o contencioso do algodão. Por fim, no último, dá-se um destaque maior ao cenário externo e como ele influenciou as decisões dos dois contendores para que se chegasse ao desfecho atual. A vitória obtida pelo Brasil no contencioso do algodão aponta para um maior protagonismo brasileiro no mundo em desenvolvimento e um aumento do seu poder nos debates sobre comércio internacional.