The thesis Consumer basket of cycling tourists in the Czech Republic deals with the creation of the consumer basket, which includes common expenses of cycling tourists during their cycling holidays and cycling trips in the Czech Republic. As part of the work was carried out a survey among Czech cycling tourists, whose results are analysed in the work.

In this thesis, we develop a SKU level market basket model and apply the model to investigate cross-category reference price effects. This research extends previous work on the category-level multivariate logit model (Russell and Petersen 2000). Our model is a generalization of the multivariate logit model which allows for both complementarity and substitution effects at the brand level. The modeling effort in this thesis allows us to use conditional probability distributions of individual items to construct the final joint-distribution of all possible basket selections. The resulting model is very flexible and accommodates a large variety of market structure patterns. The model structure implies that the changes in brand-level marketing variables directly affect category incidence (by altering category attractiveness) and indirectly determine market basket composition. Because the model can be written in a closed form manner, we can easily study the pattern of brand price competition by computing a matrix of cross-price elasticities. We use scanner panel data for the yogurt category to demonstrate the structural flexibility of the model. The results from this application reveal asymmetric competition consistent with price-tier competition literature. We use this model to investigate how consumers' responses to reference prices within a category spillover into their choices across multiple categories. The notion is that a consumer's subjective judgment of the fairness of the price levels in one category influences the choice decisions of related items in other categories. We begin with building within-category SKU-level model based on previous findings from single category reference price models (i.e., internal versus external reference prices, asymmetric response due to loss aversion, and heterogeneity in response across consumers). We then develop four alternative model specifications for cross-category spillover effects and test competing theories about those effects. Using scanner panel data for detergent and softener categories, we discover valuable implications for reference price effects. First, SKU-level reference price effects exist and improve forecasting ability. Second, those reference price effects influence category attractiveness, but do no spillover across categories. Finally, category-level reference dependent evaluation may exist but not be important in forecasting.

Master´s thesis deals with problems of consumer behaviour in the Czech republic. Theoretical part of thesis defines basic concepts and data, which relate to consumer demand and information necessary to understand the analysis part. The following part deals with critical analysis of consumer basket and spending costs of households in different commodities. Analytic part is also aimed at economic development and according to it we can deduce reactions of households and related consumer behaviour. At the end the thesis is completed by suggestions to reduce excess spending expenditures, which are recommendation for citizens of the Czech republic.

The thesis discusses what it means to institute a minimum wage and the different types of wages in the Czech Republic. It also deals with an overview of changes in the minimum wage in selected countries of the European Union, and unemployment in the countries. To find out what you can buy for minimum wage are given consumer basket of major cities in selected countries. The next chapter deals with the influence of the minimum wage on unemployment. The conclusion discusses the possible impact of the minimum wage in the construction industry.

The term electronic commerce (e-commerce) refers to a business model that allows companies and individuals to buy and sell goods and services over the internet. The focus of this thesis is on online pharmacies, a segment of the ecommerce market. Even though internet pharmacies are still subject to the same stringent rules imposed on pharmacies that limit the scope for their market growth, it has shown a notable increase in the past decades. The main goal of this thesis is to develop a data-driven marketing strategy based on a Swedish based online pharmacy’s daily sales data. The methodology of the data analysis includes exploratory data analysis (EDA) and market basket analysis (MBA) using the Apriori algorithm and the application of marketing frameworks and theories from a data-driven standpoint. In addition to the data analysis, this paper proposes a conceptual framework of a digital marketing strategy based on the RACE framework (reach, act, convert, and engage). The result of the analysis has led to the following data-driven marketing strategy: Special attention should be paid to association rules with a high lift ration value; high gross profit margin percentile (GPMP) products should have a volume-based marketing strategy that focuses on lower prices on subsequent items; and price bundling is the best marketing strategy for low GPMP products. Some of the practical ideas mentioned in this thesis paper include optimizing keyword search for a high GPMP product type and sending reminder emails and push alerts to avoid cart abandonment. The findings and recommendations presented in this thesis can be used by online pharmacies to extract knowledge that may support several decisions ranging from raising overall order size, marketing campaigns, to increasing the sales of products with a high gross profit margin.

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In this project, a stackable and foldable basket would be developed. The basket will be used for grocery shopping, where it can replace single use bags. Private individuals would own and use the basket for grocery shopping and grocery stores would use it for home deliveries. The project was divided into two phases. In the first phase, the research phase, relevant facts were gathered. A literature study focusing on sustainability was conducted as well as user studies. All information resulted in a number of insights that formed the basis for the coming phase. Some ofthe major insights were that people appreciate the feeling of ‘close to nature’ in relation to food and that shopping for food must not take up unnecessary time or be complicated. Also, it was realized that a basket intended for home delivery and a basket intended for private use would differ. Therefore, it was decided to focus on making a basket intended for private use. In the second phase, the design phase, a large number of ideas were generated. CAD, sketching and rapid prototyping were used as tools. Iterations resulted in four concepts of baskets. The baskets were folded in different ways and had different value-added functions. Prototypes were made and used during user tests, which resulted in no longer continuing to develop any type of value-added function. It was also decided to continue developing the concept of The straight collapsible basket. This basket was similar to a box in shape and would therefore, for practical reasons, also be well suited for home delivery. Likewise, with eliminated value-added functions, the basket would not risk becoming too complex. Therefore, home delivery was again included within the use of the basket. A detailed CAD model was made where the design was adapted tothe requirements of injection moulding. Likewise, the design and material were adapted to the mood board that had been developed. The material was also selected based on a smaller LCA, made in the GRANTA EduPack program. In parallel, solid mechanics calculations were made to ensure that the basket would meet the load capacity requirements. The result is a product proposition that meets the requirements of stackability and foldability. It is adapted for both private use and home delivery. / I detta projekt skulle en vikbar och stapelbar korg utvecklas. Korgens ska användas till mathandling, där den kan ersätta engångspåsar. Privatpersoner kan äga och använda korgen till mathandling och livsmedelsbutiker kan nyttja den vid hemleverans. Projektet var uppdelat i två faser. I den första fasen, researchfasen, samlades relevant fakta inom området. En litteraturstudie med fokus på hållbarhet gjordes och användarstudier utfördes. Informationen resulterade i ett antal insikter som låg till grund för den kommande fasen. Några av de större insikterna var att människor uppskattar känslan av naturnära i relation till mat och att mathandling inte får ta upp onödig tid eller vara krångligt. Framförallt insågs att skillnaderna mellan en korg ämnad för hemleverans och en korg ämnad för privat bruk skulle riskeras vara för stora. Därför beslutades det att fokusera på att göra en korg anpassad för privat bruk. I den andra fasen, designfasen, genererades ett stort antal idéer. CAD, skiss och rapid prototyping var verktyg som användes. Iterationer resulterade i fyra koncept, bestående av korgar. Korgarna fälldes ihop på olika sätt och hade olika mervärdesfunktioner. Prototyper av kartong gjordes som sedan användes vid användartester. Användartesterna resulterade i att inte längre fortsätta utveckla någon typ av mervärdesfunktion samt att fortsätta utveckla konceptet av The straight collapsible basket. Denna korg var lik en låda till formen och skulle därför av praktiska skäl lämpa sig bra även inom hemleverans. Likaså, med eliminerade mervärdesfunktioner skulle korgen inte riskera att bli komplex att hantera. Därför blev det aktuellt att åter inkludera hemleverans inom användandet av korgen. En detaljerad CAD-modell gjordes där designen anpassades efter de kravsom tillverkningstekniken formsprutning ställer. Likaså anpassades designen och materialet efter den mood board som tidigare tagits fram. Materialet valdes också baserat på en mindre LCA, gjord i programmet GRANTA EduPack. Parallellt gjordes hållfasthetsberäkningar för att säkerställa att korgen skulle möta de krav som hade satts gällande last. Resultatet är ett produktförslag som uppfyller kraven på stapel- och vikbarhet. Den är anpassad för både privat bruk och hemleverans.

Legislative pressures are being brought to bear on South African employers to demonstrate that occupational assessment is scientifically valid and culture-fair. The development of valid and reliable performance-based assessment tools will enable employers to meet these requirements. The general aim of this research was to validate a performance-based assessment battery for the placement of sales representatives. A literature survey examined alternative assessment measures and methods of performance measurement, leading to the conclusion that the combination of the work sample as a predictor measure and the managerial rating of performance as a criterion measure offer a practical and cost-effective assessment process to the sales manager. The empirical study involved 54 sales persons working for the Commercial division of an oil marketing company, selling products and services to the commercial and industrial market. By means of the empirical study, a significant correlation was found between performance of sales representatives in terms of the performance-based assessment battery for the entry level of the career ladder and their behaviour in the field as measured by the managerial performance rating instrument. The limitations of the sample, however, prevent the results from being generalised to other organisations. / Industrial & Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial Psychology)

Fine-grained sediment accumulation in the interstices of gravel beds is a key factor in degrading riverine habitats. However, interstitial deposits are highly dynamic and are not sufficiently understood. This work enhances the understanding of interstitial fine sediment deposition by investigating interstitial storage and ingress, flow, suspended sediment and gravel bed character. Furthermore, this work introduces a numerical suspended sediment deposition model with the power to predict patterns of interstitial ingress. The investigation of interstitial deposition were carried out on two levels. Both data orginating from flume experiments and from three locations of the River Culm, Devon, UK was collected. The experimental data showed the significant influence of small scale variations in flow and bed character and their influence on interstitial ingress. The field investigation showed clear differences in interstitial fine-grained sediment for the different river reaches and an overall higher interstitial ingress compared to recent published data. The numerical model development was realised in a two-step approach. First, the model was coded and calibrated for the flume scale processes and, second, an upscaled reach scale model was devolped for the field data. This reach scale suspended sediment deposition model included flow information, for which depthaveraged two dimensional hydrodynamic models were developed with the software Delft3D. The overall explanatory power of the model at this state is not satisfactory with regards to local deposition distribution. A separate chapter discusses the possible causes and implications of this short coming for further research from a data aquisition and modelling perspective.

˼˶為因應全球金融海嘯及歐債危機之匯兌風險、歐美先進國家採行量化寬鬆貨幣政策所產生之外溢成本，以及經濟實力相對提升，2009年中國開始推動人民幣國際化。目前人民幣已成為全球第五大支付貨幣，且國際貨幣基金會(International Monetary Fund)在2015年10月31日宣布將人民幣納入特別提款權籃子(Special Drawing Right)，人民幣國際化進程十分迅速。 長期以來，人民幣被國際間普遍認為是低估的，本文使用購買力平價模型(Purchasing Power Parity)及有效匯率模型(Effective Exchange Rate)估算人民幣高低估程度，分析結果顯示人民幣匯率低估程度已有大幅改善，逐漸接近均衡匯率(Equilibrium Exchange Rate)。 另外，人民幣匯率形成機制也是國際間關注的議題，在2010年中國重啟人民幣匯改後，逐步放寬人民幣兌美元單邊波幅，且對外宣稱逐步與美元脫鉤，實行釘住一籃子貨幣的匯率形成機制。本文用中國人民銀行所發佈的CFETS人民幣匯率指數所公布的組成成分，將13種貨幣變動率對人民幣做回歸分析，推論中國目前採取『可調整的釘住一籃子』的匯率形成機制。若中國欲將人民幣推廣成為國際貨幣，勢必需推動匯率自由化，並降低人為操弄空間。 / In response to exchange rate risks to the global financial crisis and European debt crisis, developed countries adopt quantitative easing monetary policy arising from the spillover costs, and the enhancing of the economic strength, in 2009, China began to implement the internationalization of the RMB. The RMB has become the world's sixth-largest currency of payment. Besides, IMF (International Monetary Fund) announced the Yuan to be included in the SDR basket (Special Drawing Right) on October 31, 2015, RMB internationalization process is very fast. For a long time, the Yuan’s value is regarded underestimated. This paper uses the PPP model (Purchasing Power Parity) and Effective Exchange Rate model to estimate the degree of undervaluation of Yuan. The analysis shows that the degree of undervaluation has been greatly improved, and gradually approaching the equilibrium exchange rate. In addition, the RMB exchange rate regime is also a very important issue. After China restarted the RMB exchange rate reform in 2010, the volatility limitation of Yuan against the US dollar is gradually relaxed. China also announced that the exchange rate regime decoupled the US dollar peg to a basket of currencies. This paper uses CFETS RMB exchange rate index’s composition of the 13 kinds of currency rate on a regression analysis to the Yuan. We find out that China’s exchange rate regime is "adjustable peg to a basket". If China wants the Yuan to be an international currency, the exchange rate must be liberalized and the space of manipulation must be minimized.