Legislative pressures are being brought to bear on South African employers to demonstrate that occupational assessment is scientifically valid and culture-fair. The development of valid and reliable performance-based assessment tools will enable employers to meet these requirements. The general aim of this research was to validate a performance-based assessment battery for the placement of sales representatives. A literature survey examined alternative assessment measures and methods of performance measurement, leading to the conclusion that the combination of the work sample as a predictor measure and the managerial rating of performance as a criterion measure offer a practical and cost-effective assessment process to the sales manager. The empirical study involved 54 sales persons working for the Commercial division of an oil marketing company, selling products and services to the commercial and industrial market. By means of the empirical study, a significant correlation was found between performance of sales representatives in terms of the performance-based assessment battery for the entry level of the career ladder and their behaviour in the field as measured by the managerial performance rating instrument. The limitations of the sample, however, prevent the results from being generalised to other organisations. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial Psychology)

These factors include also eating in school canteens. By this we understand nutrition services for children, pupils, students and other people whom this food is offered within material sustaining, full direct social security or within preventive care by whole day services or boarding services. In the interest of following nutrition doses, there has been set up so called consumer basket of foodstuffs.The theoretical part focuses on explaining of the term of school nourishment and form.The main aim of my diploma work was to appraise variety of school lunches in chosen school canteens according to months menus from the nutritious point of view.Partial targets were focused on assessing the quality of lunches according to the consumer baskets of foodstuffs and appraising the method of school canteens of drawing up their menus. In the practical part there has been presented own research and its results. The research for this diploma work started in November 2012 and finished in February 2013. Practical part of this research was worked out on the base of quality research. The choice of searched subjects happened with the aid of pure intentional research. The data file was constituted by menus from December 2012, January 2013 and February 2013 and by the consumer baskets of foodstuff for the same season. The analyses of variety of foodstuffs and was supplemented by half-structured interview.I prepared five researching questions before assessment of the research that were answered during the research. These questions were: ?Do the coefficients of variety of foodstuffs agree with the criteria of canteens? ? ?Do the school canteens fulfil the set up norms for recommended fulfilling of the months consumer basket of foodstuffs? ? Does the management of the school canteens follow the recommended principles of a healthy diet while preparing their menus? ?Do school canteens provide various structures of recipes, dishes and technologies? ? ?Can the offer of dishes in school canteens be improved? In the first part I firstly concentrated on appraisal of variety of soups in school canteens. The variety was appraised on a month bases for each canteen. Next I focused on appraisal of variety of main dishes, side dishes and food supplements. The results were registered in well arranged charts. The next part of diploma work focuses on appraisal of consumer foodstuffs baskets.The last part contains interview with the management of school canteens.I have also managed to get answers to asked research questions so I could set down hypothesis. According to the answers I set three hypotheses. The first one is: ?The chosen school canteens from South district provide their diners with various foods and follow the principles of a healthy diet. ? I came up to this hypothesis while looking for answers to researching questions focused on variety and composition menus. The answers to the research questions helped me in formulation the second and third hypothesis: ?School canteens fulfil set up norms for recommended month consumer foodstuffs basket for commodity meat, milk, dairy products, free fat, free sugar, vegetables and potatoes.Third hypothesis was formulated as follows: ?School canteens don´t fulfil set up norms for recommended month consumer foodstuffs basket for commodity fruit and legume. The management of these canteens get further education in the area according to the interviews. I think that this diploma work can be used as an information material for educating workers in the area of nourishment. The results can be useful as a source of information for workers in school canteens.

O objetivo do presente trabalho é estimar a participação dos principais tributos indiretos e contribuições (IPI, ICMS, PIS e COFINS) incidentes sobre os preços de dezembro de 2008, dos cinquenta e quatro produtos que formam o Cesto Básico calculado mensalmente pelo Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa Econômicas da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Assim, estimou-se a participação individual e total dos tributos indiretos e contribuições na formação do preço de cada um dos produtos do referido cesto. Estudou-se, ainda, a carga tributária brasileira no período de 1994 a 2008, bem como a sua relação com o Produto Interno Bruto (PIB), estabelecendo-se comparações com o cenário internacional. Apresenta-se a participação dos tributos diretos e indiretos na formação da carga tributária brasileira, com base nos princípios tributários constitucionais de justiça social e equidade fiscal. Ainda, com este foco de discussão, são tratadas as bases econômicas da tributação, considerando os principais tributos diretos e indiretos da estrutura tributária brasileira. Finalizando, apresentam-se a teoria econômica acerca da tributação e de equilíbrio de mercado, as incidências dos tributos indiretos e os grupos de produtos estudados. / The objective of the present paper is to estimate the share of the main indirect taxes (IPI, ICMS, PIS and COFINS) levied over the December 2008 prices of the fifty-four products that make up the Basic Food Basket, calculated monthly by the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Center for Economic Studies and Research. Then, we estimated the individual and total share of the indirect taxes in making up the price of each one of the products that make up that basket. We studied the Brazilian tax load in the period between 1994 and 2008, as well as its relationship to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), making comparisons against the international scenario. We present the role of direct and indirect taxes in the make-up of the Brazilian tax load based on the constitutional tax principles of social justice and fiscal equity. Still focused on this discussion, we address the economic bases of taxation considering the main direct and indirect Brazilian taxes. Concluding, we present the economic theory of taxation and market balance, the indirect levied and the groups of product studied.

Os produtos podem causar impactos negativos ao meio ambiente em uma das suas etapas do ciclo de vida, quais sejam: aquisição de matéria-prima, fabricação, distribuição, uso e disposição final. A integração dos aspectos ambientais no projeto e no desenvolvimento de produto busca prevenir e minimizar os possíveis impactos ao longo de seu ciclo de vida. Esses impactos variam quanto à categoria, magnitude, extensão e duração. A principal metodologia para avaliar os impactos ambientais do ciclo de vida do produto é a Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV). Contudo há diversos métodos e formas de aplicações desta metodologia. O primeiro objetivo é identificar os principais métodos da ACV, por meio de uma revisão sistemática, O segundo é realizar um estudo de caso comparativo da ACV entre dois tipos de cestos (de plástico e de aço inox) utilizados nas lavadoras de roupas automáticas, identificando os potenciais impactos ambientais, baseado no método EDIP. Os principais métodos identificados na revisão sistemática foram: Ecoindicator 99, EPS, CML Ecological Footprint e EDIP. A comparação do ciclo de vida dos dois cestos demonstra que, para as categorias de impactos de potencial de aquecimento global, acidificação, eutrofização, ecotoxidade e toxidade humana, o cesto inox tem uma maior contribuição para os potencias impactos ambientais em relação ao cesto de plástico, principalmente devido à maior distância transportada da matéria-prima do aço até a fabricação do cesto. / The products can cause negative impacts to the environment in one of their stages of the life cycle, which are: raw material acquisition, production, distribution, use and final disposition. The integration of the environmental aspects in the project and in the product development it looks for to prevent and to minimize the possible impacts along his life cycle. Those impacts vary as for the category, magnitude, extension and duration. The main methodology to evaluate the environmental impacts of the life cycle of the product is the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). However there are several methods and forms of applications of this methodology. The first objective is to identify the main methods of LCA, through a systematic revision, THE second is to accomplish a study of comparative case of LCA among two types of baskets (of plastic and of stainless steel) used in the washers of automatic clothes, identifying the potentials environmental impacts, based on the method EDIP. The main identified methods in the systematic revision were: Echo-indicator 99, EPS, CML Ecological Footprint and EDIP. The comparison of the cycle of life of the two baskets demonstrates that, for the categories of impacts of potential of global warming, acidification, nutrient enrichment, ecotoxicity and human toxicity, the basket stainless steel has a larger contribution for the potencies environmental impacts in relation to the basket of plastic, mainly due to the largest transported distance of the raw material of the steel to the production of the basket.

O objetivo do presente trabalho é estimar a participação dos principais tributos indiretos e contribuições (IPI, ICMS, PIS e COFINS) incidentes sobre os preços de dezembro de 2008, dos cinquenta e quatro produtos que formam o Cesto Básico calculado mensalmente pelo Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa Econômicas da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Assim, estimou-se a participação individual e total dos tributos indiretos e contribuições na formação do preço de cada um dos produtos do referido cesto. Estudou-se, ainda, a carga tributária brasileira no período de 1994 a 2008, bem como a sua relação com o Produto Interno Bruto (PIB), estabelecendo-se comparações com o cenário internacional. Apresenta-se a participação dos tributos diretos e indiretos na formação da carga tributária brasileira, com base nos princípios tributários constitucionais de justiça social e equidade fiscal. Ainda, com este foco de discussão, são tratadas as bases econômicas da tributação, considerando os principais tributos diretos e indiretos da estrutura tributária brasileira. Finalizando, apresentam-se a teoria econômica acerca da tributação e de equilíbrio de mercado, as incidências dos tributos indiretos e os grupos de produtos estudados. / The objective of the present paper is to estimate the share of the main indirect taxes (IPI, ICMS, PIS and COFINS) levied over the December 2008 prices of the fifty-four products that make up the Basic Food Basket, calculated monthly by the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Center for Economic Studies and Research. Then, we estimated the individual and total share of the indirect taxes in making up the price of each one of the products that make up that basket. We studied the Brazilian tax load in the period between 1994 and 2008, as well as its relationship to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), making comparisons against the international scenario. We present the role of direct and indirect taxes in the make-up of the Brazilian tax load based on the constitutional tax principles of social justice and fiscal equity. Still focused on this discussion, we address the economic bases of taxation considering the main direct and indirect Brazilian taxes. Concluding, we present the economic theory of taxation and market balance, the indirect levied and the groups of product studied.

This dissertation deals with a current troubles in the sphere of a school eating in a whole czech republic. Using a questinare survey were charted troubles of the school eating and defined the most important ones that can become a risk for this world unique specialization. A vast describe of a situation in the sphere of school eating in czech republic revealed many problems that workers are dealing with. They are finding optimal solutions as well. The questionaire survey revealed which problems can be solved in practice and those who can not be solved itself. Those wo can not be solved needs chane of sysem controlled by state authorities. A a biggest problem that questinare survey and additional ivestgation prooved high age of workers in school eatin and absence of young workers who would gain experiences and replace the outgoing workers. Results of the research showed the cause of the problem is inadequate finacial evaluation and low social prestige of this profesion. In this area of work is missing a positive motivation for gaining new workers. This is the reason why this area of work is dealin with a lack of quallified workers that are needed to ensure a service in the scool eating system service.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / This dissertation studies the computation methods of pricing of Asian options. Asian options are options in which the underlying variable is the average price over a period of time. Because of this, Asian options have a lower volatility and this render them cheaper relative to their European counterparts. Asian options belong to the so-called path-dependent derivatives; they are among the most difficult to price and hedge both analytically and numerically. In practice, it is only discrete Asian options that are traded, however continuous Asian options are used for studying purposes. Several approaches have been proposed in the literature, including Monte Carlo simulations, tree-based methods, Taylor’s expansion, partial differential equations, and analytical ap- proximations among others. When using partial differential equations for pricing of continuous time Asian options, the high dimensionality is problematic. In this dissertation we focus on the discrete time methods. We start off by explaining the binomial tree method, and our last chapter presents the very exciting and relatively simple method of Tsao and Huang, using Taylor approximations. The main papers that are used in this dissertation are articles by Jan Vecer (2001); LCG Rogers (1995); Eric Benhamou (2001); Gianluca Fusai (2007); Kamizono, Kariya and Nakatsuma (2006) and Tsao and Huang (2007). The author has provided computations, including graphs and tables dispersed over the different chapters, to demonstrate the utility of the methods. We observe various parameters of influence such as correlation, volatility, strike, etc. A further contribution by the author of this dissertation is, in particular, in Chapter 5, in the presentation of the work of Tsao et al. Here we have provided slightly more detailed explanations and again some further computational tables.

Sammanfattning Syfte och frågeställningar: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka om individer med bakgrund av upprepade fotledsstukningar har sämre balans och styrka jämfört med individer som har friska fotleder, samt om det skiljer sig i balans och styrka mellan dominant och icke-dominant fot. Författarnas hypotes är att kronisk instabilitet i fotleden är vanligt förekommande bland kvinnliga fotbolls- och basketspelare som lidit av upprepade fotledsstukningar under sin karriär. Följande tre frågeställningar undersöktes: (1) Har en individ med bakgrund av upprepade stukningar sämre resultat i balanstestet SEBT, jämfört med en individ utan tidigare fotledsproblem? (2) Har en individ med bakgrund av upprepade stukningar lägre styrka, jämfört med en individ utan tidigare fotledsproblem, i ett plantarflexionstest? (3) Skiljer sig resultaten i balans- och styrketestet mellan den dominanta- och den icke-dominanta foten? Metod: Balansförmågan testades genom att mäta räckvidden i en modifierad version av Star Excursion Balance Test. Styrkan uppskattades i ett kvalitativt plantarflexionstest där antal repetitioner räknades. Statistisk analys i STATISTICA genomfördes med ANOVA och students oberoende t-test. Testgruppen (n=10) bestod av individer som tidigare drabbats av upprepade stukningar och kontrollgruppen (n=5) bestod av individer med friska fotleder. Resultat: BI balanstestet visade ingefanns en signifikant skillnad mellan testgrupp och kontrollgrupp för dominant fot respektive icke dominant fot i riktningarna anterior,  och posteromedial och posterolateral (p<>0,05) samt för icke-dominant fot i riktningen posteromedial. Dock fanns ingen signifikant skillnad för den dominanta foten i riktningen posterolateral (p>0,5) samt för den icke-dominanta foten i riktningarna anterior och posterolateral. Resultatet för styrketestet visade inge på en signifikant skillnad mellan testgrupp och kontrollgrupp för både den dominanta och den icke-dominanta foten (p<>0,05). Det förekom ingen signifikant skillnad (p>0,5) i styrketestet eller i någon av riktningarna i balanstestet mellan den dominanta och den icke-dominanta foten för varken testgruppen eller kontrollgruppen. Resultatet visar på att SEBT i riktningen posteromedial, samt styrketestet på den dominanta foten är de mest relevanta testerna för framtida försök. Slutsats: (1) Fler testdeltagare i testgrupp och kontrollgrupp hade möjligtvis kunnat visa ettmer representativt resultat. En individ med bakgrund av upprepade stukningar har signifikant sämre resultat i balanstestet SEBT jämfört med en frisk fot i riktningarna anterior och posteromedial. (2) En individ med bakgrund av upprepade stukningar havisarrinte på ett signifikant sämre resultat i balanstestet SEBT ochett plantarflexionstest, jämfört med en individ med en frisk fot.i riktningarna anterior och posteromedial. En individ med bakgrund av upprepade stukningar har signifikant sämre resultat än en individ utan tidigare problem i ett plantarflexionstest. (3) Det är ingen signifikant skillnad mellan den dominanta foten och den icke-dominanta i resultaten för balans- eller styrketestet.

A persistência e gravidade dos problemas sociais ao longo da história e a escassez dos recursos públicos disponíveis para solucionar tais problemas, têm sido motivo de grande preocupação para economistas e governos. Dentre os problemas sociais que afligem a humanidade, nada se compara à escassez de alimentos; em especial à fome ainda presente em muitos países e até mesmo em algumas regiões brasileiras. A história mostra que a modernização dos meios de produção de alimentos não é capaz de baratear o preço da alimentação, notadamente o da alimentação básica, obrigando o trabalhador, principalmente aquele que ganha menor renda, a comprometer mensalmente considerável parte desse ganho na aquisição de alimentos básicos. A essa quantidade mínima de alimentos básicos denomina-se Cesta Básica daí sua importância na renda do trabalhador. O objetivo deste trabalho é comparar o comportamento do preço mensal da cesta básica e da renda do trabalhador que ganha um salário mínimo nominal no município de Imperatriz MA, em São Luís MA e nas capitais que compõem a região 2 (Norte/Nordeste) definida pelo Departamento Intersindical de Estatística e Estudos Socioeconômicos, no período de setembro de 2009 a agosto de 2012. A pesquisa foi um trabalho de campo, documental, qualitativa e quantitativa descritiva e relacionou as variáveis cesta básica e renda do trabalhador que ganha um salário mínimo nominal pelo cálculo da quantidade de horas de trabalho despendidas mensalmente para adquirir a cesta. A pesquisa concluiu que a variação na renda do trabalhador que ganha um salário mínimo não foi suficiente para fazer frente às variações das cestas básicas em todas as localidades mencionadas, o que aponta para a necessidade de definição e implementação de políticas públicas que incentivem a produção local de alimentos de qualidade e em quantidades suficientes, além de promoverem o acesso do trabalhador a esses alimentos. / The persistence and the serious social problems along the time and the need of the public resources ready to solve such problems have been the reason of deep concern for the economists and the governments. Among social problems that worry the mankind, nothing is compared to the need of food; specially the hunger which is still present in several countries. Even in some Brazilian regions. History shows that the modernization of the means of food production is not able to lower the price of food, were unable to make the price of food cheaper. The basic one is really more important for those workers who earns the least amount. They have to involve the lions share for the basic food. This small quantity of food is called the Basic Basket. The objective of this study is to compare the behavior of the monthly price of basic food and income worker who earns a nominal minimum wage in the city of Empress - MA in São Luís - MA and in capitals that make up the region 2 (North / Northeast) defined by the Departamento Intersindical de Estatística e Estudos Socioeconômicos, from September 2009 to August 2012. The research is a documentary, qualitative and quantitative descriptive field which related the changeable baskets and the workers salary who earns a nominal minimum wage for the calculation of the number of business hours spent monthly to get the basket. The research concluded that the variation in income worker who earns minimum wage was not enough to cope with the variations of baskets in all localities mentioned, which points out to the need for defining and implementing public policies that encourage local production food quality and in sufficient quantities, and promote worker access to these foods.

This thesis concerns with construction design of manipulator. The purpose of the manipulator is to transport beech logs. It is a part of the production line for heating and steaming veneering of the logs before their subsequent processing. This thesis presents a new design solution. It offers detailed descriptions of the purpose of the construction and of individual functional assemblies. It also describes the means for operating the machine and the types of sensors used. Calculation of forces and reactions in the mechanism, based on a simplified load calculation model, constitutes an important part of the work. Design of key components of the machine is then based on the results of the analysis of the forces involved. The supplements of the thesis include photographs of the manipulator realization and selected technical design.