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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
231

Udržitelný cestovní ruch v aglomeraci Tábor / Sustainable tourism in the greater Tábor

CHMELOVÁ, Vendula January 2011 (has links)
This diploma thesis focuses on the analysis of the Tábor agglomeration in term of its suitability and sustainability. The evaluation was based on situational analysis and a questionaire survey. The following part focuses on the identification of untapped tourism potential and on this basis was formed the product of sustainable tourism. The result is a product of hipotourism. The last part of diploma thesis contains other possible ways to promote tourism and its sustainability in the agglomeration Tábor.
232

[en] QOS RESOURCES USED IN NGN PROTOCOLS BASED TO THE UMTS STANDARD / [pt] RECURSOS DE QOS APLICADOS NOS PROTOCOLOS DE NGN COM BASE NO PADRÃO UMTS

RODRIGO MORGADO DA SILVA 21 June 2006 (has links)
[pt] Este trabalho aborda um estudo sobre o desempenho de uma rede de dados IP/MPLS, com a implementação dos protocolos de NGN e (Sinalização sobre IP), utilizando a arquitetura Diffserv para oferecimento de QoS. O objeto do estudo está adequado aos padrões do IETF, definidos para arquitetura de core de rede UMTS all-IP. São detalhados o conceito, a arquitetura e os fluxos de chamadas do padrão UMTS e revistos conceitos básicos dos protocolos envolvidos na solução. Para a implementação de QoS no laboratório proposto, são revistos também os principais mecanismos de controle de tráfego Diffserv. Utilizando roteadores, switch´s, emuladores de protocolos e ferramentas de gerência por classes, avalia-se o desempenho do tráfego de uma rede com a implementação de VoIP e SS7oIP. Para o cenário especificado, são estudados: classificação dos protocolos para diferentes fontes de tráfego, disciplinas de serviço, procurando-se obter medidas de desempenho que possam ser úteis em projetos de core de rede, com qualidade de serviço, que possuam as características propostas pelo IETF para o padrão UMTS. / [en] This work approaches a study about the performance of a data network IP/MPLS, with an implementation of NGN protocols (Signaling over IP), using the DiffServ architecture to offer the QoS. The purpose of the study is suitable to the IETF standards, determined by architecture of core network UMTS all-IP. The concept, the architecture and the flux of standards call UMTS are detailed. In order to implement the QoS in the proposed laboratory, the main mechanism of traffic DiffServ control are revised too. Using routers, switch´s, network emulators and classes´ management tools, the performance of a network traffic with the implementation of VoIP and SS7oIP is evaluated. To the specific cenary, are studied the classification protocols for different traffic sources and disciplines of service, searching to get the measures of perform that can be useful in core network projects, with quality of service, that own the proposal characteristics by IETF to UMTS standard.
233

Franchising jako podnikatelský záměr / Franchising as a business plan

KLUZÁKOVÁ, Lucie January 2015 (has links)
The aim of this thesis is to propose the expansion plan of selected company through the creation of franchise chain. Before processing a franchise plan, I have prepared - based on a literature review - a structure of individual documents of the franchise package. As a part of practical research, I analyzed the external environment using STEP analysis as well as the case studies of one competitor, and further I analyzed the internal environment of the company using primary data obtained during the controlled interview with the owner of the chosen company. Based on the above mentioned information, I elaborated a SWOT analysis and - using the defined strengths and weaknesses as well as the opportunities and threats - I determined the strategy for the expansion of the company consisting in selling of franchise license. This strategy is divided in two parts: the first part concerns the expansion within regional and district towns. In this case, the franchisor considers granting a licence to franchisees who will open always three appropriately allocated small business premises in order to achieve a minimum monthly revenue of 900.000, - CZK. Over 5 years, i.e. from 2016 to 2020, the franchise prospectus counts with the acquisition of five franchisees; each of them has to establish three business premises in the selected geographical segment. Gross franchisor profit of the franchise chain amounts to 1.284.457, - CZK for the five years. The thesis focuses on this part of the expansion strategy. The prediction of annual costs, revenues, profits and cash flow of franchisee is a part of the franchise prospectus. I derived a gross profit of a franchisee in the first business year amounting to 1.719.496, - CZK, while the return on investment for the franchisee takes 2 years and 7 months. The second part of the strategy proposes the expansion to the capital. In order to achieve the highest possible turnover, it is useful first to expand the current business concept to the counter sale including seating space with several tables. Given that this form of provision of community feeding is connected with stricter legislative requirements such as the need of sanitary facilities for the guests, the concept must be first validated by the franchisor during a pilot operation.
234

Management Control Systems & Performance Measurement Systems in Hybrid Organizations : The case of The Swedish Municipal Housing Corporations

Elsheikh, Esam January 2018 (has links)
Municipal housing companies (MHCs) can be seen as hybrid organizations, operating under multiple institutional logics that are likely in tension with each other. Measuring the performance of hybrid organizations is a much harder exercise than measuring the performance of pure public or pure private entities. There is a lack of research in this area. To fill this gab van Helden and Reichard’s (2016a) proposed a framework that assigns typical characteristics to PMS in hybrids. The authors call for empirics to test the framework. Accordingly, the first purpose of the thesis is to test the hypotheses of this framework in practice, using a case study approach of two MHCs, MKB AB and LKF AB. The second purpose is to shed light on challenges, conflicts and even propose solutions for MCS/PMS. The thesis ended up by proposing a conceptual model for MCS/PMS that aims to reconcile conflicting goals and logics. The model integrates strategic management control tools (BSC and ERP) to support strategy implementation and formulation as well as to reconcile the different interests of the various stakeholders.
235

Qualidade pós-colheita do mamão Formosa Tainung 01 influenciada pelo tipo de embalagem usada no transporte rodoviário / Genetic control of characters and selection strategies in the yellow passion fruit

Santos, Carlos Eduardo Magalhães dos 09 February 2006 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:39:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 750064 bytes, checksum: 37cab382ed8e965a1e33f19529d64b1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-09 / Universidade Federal de Viçosa / The aim of the study was to evaluate the postharvest quality of papaya stored in different packages, after the highway transport, from the farm to the wholesale market. Papaya from the hybrid group Formosa Tainung 01 , deriving from hermaphrodite plants, produced in Pinheiros city, North of Espirito Santo State, Brazil. The fruits were manually picked in the stages 1 (0 to 10% of the skin colored yellow) and 3 (25 to 40% of the skin colored yellow), packed in different ways: in bulk, in wooden boxes, in wavy cardboard boxes and in plastic boxes covered internally with bubble-wrap, and then transported to the Postharvest Laboratory of the Federal University of Viçosa, 750 km far from the original place. After the fruits arrival to the lab, they were stored in plastic boxes covered internally with bubble-wrap and kept in environmental conditions (24,5 ± 2,0oC and 87 ± 6% R.H.), simulating the exposition in retail market. The samplings were taken each two days, to evaluate the skin color index, fresh mass loss, respiration tax, pulp firmness, soluble soils content, total titulable acidity and the mechanical injuries index. The results showed the depreciative effect of the mechanical injuries on the final quality of the papaya, as the transportation of fruits in bulk caused alterations on the fruits post harvest quality, with increase of skin color index, decrease of pulp firmness and high fresh mass loss, with values higher than 6% on the last day. The respiratory tax of the fruits transported in bulk and in wooden boxes was higher than in the other packings, showing values higher than 100 mg of CO2 Kg-1 h-1 at the end of the evaluated period. Formosa papaya transported in bulk and in wooden boxes showed the highest percentages of injured skin area (1,140 and 1,208%, respectively) in both color stages studied. The wavy cardboard boxes and the plastic boxes covered internally with bubble-wrap reduced the percentage of injured skin, proving to be promising ways to maintain the post harvest quality of Formosa papaya destinate to the internal market. / Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade pós-colheita de mamões acondicionados em diferentes embalagens, após o transporte rodoviário da fazenda até o mercado atacadista. Foram utilizados mamões do grupo Formosa híbrido Tainung 01 , oriundos de plantas hermafroditas, produzidos no município de Pinheiros, região norte do Estado do Espírito Santo. Os frutos foram colhidos manualmente nos estádios 1 (até 10% da área superficial da casca amarela) e 3 (25 a 40% da área superficial da casca amarela), acondicionados sob diferentes formas: à granel, em caixas de madeira, em caixas de papelão ondulado e em caixas plásticas forradas com plástico bolha, e assim transportados ao Laboratório de Pós-colheita da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, distante 750 km. Após a chegada dos frutos ao laboratório, estes foram acondicionados em caixas plásticas forradas com plástico bolha e mantidos em condições ambiente (24,5 ± 2,0ºC e 87±6% U.R.), simulando a exposição em mercado varejista, sendo as amostragens feitas em intervalos de dois em dois dias para avaliação de índice de cor da casca, perda de massa fresca, taxa respiratória, firmeza da polpa, teor de sólidos solúveis, acidez total titulável, relação entre o teor de sólidos solúveis e a acidez total titulável, e o índice de injúrias mecânicas. Os resultados evidenciaram os efeitos depreciativos das injúrias mecânicas na qualidade final do mamão, sendo que o transporte de frutos a granel promoveu alterações na qualidade pós-colheita dos frutos, com aumento do índice de cor da casca, redução na firmeza da polpa, e elevada perda de massa fresca, com valores no último dia de avaliação superiores a 6%. A taxa respiratória dos frutos transportados a granel foi superior as demais embalagens, apresentando ao final do período avaliado valores superiores a 100 mg de CO2 Kg-1 h-1. Mamões Formosa transportados a granel e em caixas de madeira, apresentaram as maiores percentagens de área da casca injuriada (1,140 e 1,208%, respectivamente), nos dois estádios de coloração estudados. As caixas de papelão ondulado e caixas plásticas forradas com plástico bolha reduziram a percentagem de área injuriada, constituindo-se em alternativas promissoras na manutenção da qualidade pós-colheita de mamão Formosa destinado ao mercado interno.
236

Integrated Inductors with Micro-Patterned Magnetic Thin Films for RF and Power Applications

January 2013 (has links)
abstract: With increasing demand for System on Chip (SoC) and System in Package (SiP) design in computer and communication technologies, integrated inductor which is an essential passive component has been widely used in numerous integrated circuits (ICs) such as in voltage regulators and RF circuits. In this work, soft ferromagnetic core material, amorphous Co-Zr-Ta-B, was incorporated into on-chip and in-package inductors in order to scale down inductors and improve inductors performance in both inductance density and quality factor. With two layers of 500 nm Co-Zr-Ta-B films a 3.5X increase in inductance and a 3.9X increase in quality factor over inductors without magnetic films were measured at frequencies as high as 1 GHz. By laminating technology, up to 9.1X increase in inductance and more than 5X increase in quality factor (Q) were obtained from stripline inductors incorporated with 50 nm by 10 laminated films with a peak Q at 300 MHz. It was also demonstrated that this peak Q can be pushed towards high frequency as far as 1GHz by a combination of patterning magnetic films into fine bars and laminations. The role of magnetic vias in magnetic flux and eddy current control was investigated by both simulation and experiment using different patterning techniques and by altering the magnetic via width. Finger-shaped magnetic vias were designed and integrated into on-chip RF inductors improving the frequency of peak quality factor from 400 MHz to 800 MHz without sacrificing inductance enhancement. Eddy current and magnetic flux density in different areas of magnetic vias were analyzed by HFSS 3D EM simulation. With optimized magnetic vias, high frequency response of up to 2 GHz was achieved. Furthermore, the effect of applied magnetic field on on-chip inductors was investigated for high power applications. It was observed that as applied magnetic field along the hard axis (HA) increases, inductance maintains similar value initially at low fields, but decreases at larger fields until the magnetic films become saturated. The high frequency quality factor showed an opposite trend which is correlated to the reduction of ferromagnetic resonant absorption in the magnetic film. In addition, experiments showed that this field-dependent inductance change varied with different patterned magnetic film structures, including bars/slots and fingers structures. Magnetic properties of Co-Zr-Ta-B films on standard organic package substrates including ABF and polyimide were also characterized. Effects of substrate roughness and stress were analyzed and simulated which provide strategies for integrating Co-Zr-Ta-B into package inductors and improving inductors performance. Stripline and spiral inductors with Co-Zr-Ta-B films were fabricated on both ABF and polyimide substrates. Maximum 90% inductance increase in hundreds MHz frequency range were achieved in stripline inductors which are suitable for power delivery applications. Spiral inductors with Co-Zr-Ta-B films showed 18% inductance increase with quality factor of 4 at frequency up to 3 GHz. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Electrical Engineering 2013
237

Three Essays on Consumer Behavior under Uncertainty

January 2014 (has links)
abstract: It is well understood that decisions made under uncertainty differ from those made without risk in important and significant ways. Yet, there is very little research into how uncertainty manifests itself in the most ubiquitous of decision-making environments: Consumers' day-to-day decisions over where to shop, and what to buy for their daily grocery needs. Facing a choice between stores that either offer relatively stable "everyday low prices" (EDLP) or variable prices that reflect aggressive promotion strategies (HILO), consumers have to choose stores under price-uncertainty. I find that consumers' attitudes toward risk are critically important in determining store-choice, and that heterogeneity in risk attitudes explains the co-existence of EDLP and HILO stores - an equilibrium that was previously explained in somewhat unsatisfying ways. After choosing a store, consumers face another source of risk. While knowing the quality or taste of established brands, consumers have very little information about new products. Consequently, consumers tend to choose smaller package sizes for new products, which limits their exposure to the risk that the product does not meet their prior expectations. While the observation that consumers purchase small amounts of new products is not new, I show how this practice is fully consistent with optimal purchase decision-making by utility-maximizing consumers. I then use this insight to explain how manufacturers of consumer packaged goods (CPGs) respond to higher production costs. Because consumers base their purchase decisions in part on package size, manufacturers can use package size as a competitive tool in order to raise margins in the face of higher production costs. While others have argued that manufacturers reduce package sizes as a means of raising unit-prices (prices per unit of volume) in a hidden way, I show that the more important effect is a competitive one: Changes in package size can soften price competition, so manufacturers need not rely on fooling consumers in order to pass-through cost increases through changes in package size. The broader implications of consumer behavior under risk are dramatic. First, risk perceptions affect consumers' store choice and product choice patterns in ways that can be exploited by both retailers and manufacturers. Second, strategic considerations prevent manufacturers from manipulating package size in ways that seem designed to trick consumers. Third, many services are also offered as packages, and also involve uncertainty, so the effects identified here are likely to be pervasive throughout the consumer economy. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2014
238

Emprego da radiação gama do Cobalto-60 na desinfestação de alguns tipos de rações para alimentação de animais de pequeno porte / Application of the gamma radiation of the cobalt-60 in disinfestation of some types of rations for feeding of small animals

Paula Bergamin Arthur 10 December 2012 (has links)
As pragas como besouros, ácaros, traças e fungos dentre outros, geralmente infestam produtos armazenados como: grãos, farelos, farinhas, café, fumo, frutas secas, rações animais, especiarias, plantas desidratadas, causando a depreciação visual e promovendo a deterioração dos produtos. Devido a isso a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo a utilização da radiação gama na desinfestação de alguns tipos de rações utilizadas para alimentação de animais de pequeno porte. No primeiro ensaio foram utilizadas embalagens de amostras grátis medindo 10 cm x 20 cm com capacidade de 70 gramas de substratos (ração) com 4 tipos de marcas existentes no comercio: (1), (2), (3) e (4). Cada tratamento constou de 10 repetições, que foram irradiadas com as doses de: 0 (controle) 0,5; 1,0 e 2,0 kGy, para se fazer a desinfestação das amostras. Após a irradiação (desinfestação) todas as embalagens irradiadas e mais a testemunha foram acondicionadas em caixas plásticas de 80 cm x 50 cm com tampa, onde foram liberados os insetos Lasioderma. serricorne, Plodia interpuctella, Sitophilus zeamais e Sitophilus oryzae, num total de 400 para cada caixa e mantidas em sala climatizada com 27 ± 2ºC e umidade relativa de 70 ± 5%. No segundo ensaio foram utilizadas embalagens confeccionadas com os materiais das embalagens do primeiro ensaio. Cada embalagem foi feita de 10 cm x 15 cm, com capacidade de 30 gramas de substratos (ração). Em cada repetição foi inoculado 10 insetos de cada espécie, num total de 400 insetos por caixa. As embalagens com substrato e inseto foram vedadas em seladora comercial, e irradiadas com as doses de: 0 (controle) 0,5; 1,0 e 2,0 kGy,. As embalagens irradiadas e a testemunha foram mantidas em sala climatizada já citada anteriormente. As contagens do número de insetos e furos nas embalagens foram feita após 60 dias. Concluiu-se que a embalagem da ração tipo número 4, foi a única susceptível ao ataque das espécies de insetos. A dose de 0,5 kGy foi suficiente para induzir a esterilização e conseqüentemente a desinfestação de todas as rações estudadas. / The pests as beetles, mites, moths and mushrooms among other, usually infest products stored as: grains, crumbs, flours, coffee, tobacco, dried fruits, animal rations, spices, dehydrated plants, causing the visual depreciation and promoting to deterioration of the products. The present research had as objective the use of the gamma radiation in the disinfestation of some types of rations used for feeding of animals of small size. In the first experiment packing of free samples were used measuring 10 cm x 20 cm with capacity of 70 grams of substrate (ration) with 4 types of existent marks in the trade: (1), (2), e (3), and (4). Each treatment consisted of 10 repetitions, that were irradiated with doses of: 0 (control) 0,5; 1,0 and 2,0 kGy, to do the disinfestation of the samples. After the irradiation (disinfestation) of the all irradiated packing and more the control was conditioned in plastic boxes of 80 cm x 50 cm with cover, where the insects were liberated Lasioderma. serricorne, Plodia interpuctella, Sitophilus zeamais and Sitophilus oryzae, in a total of 400 for each box and maintained at room acclimatized with 27 ± 2ºC and relative humidity of 70 ± 5%. In the second experiment packing were used made with the materials of packing of the first experiment. Each packing was made of 10 cm x 15 cm, with capacity of 30 grams of substrate (ration). In each repetition was inoculated 10 insects of each species, in a total of 400 insects for experiment per box. The packing with substrate and insect, were stamped in commercial machine and irradiated with doses of: 0 (control) 0,5; 1,0 and 2,0 kGy. The irradiated packing and the control were maintained at room acclimatized same the mentioned in the first experiment. The counting of the number of insects and holes in the packing were made after 60 days. Concluded that only the packing of the ration type number 4 was susceptive to attack of all species of insects. The dose of 0,5 kGy was sufficient to induce the sterilization and consequently the disinfestation of all studied rations.
239

Some new families of continuos distributions

MARINHO, Pedro Rafael Diniz 27 June 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-05-23T12:23:58Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) SOME NEW FAMILIES OF CONTINUOUS DISTRIBUTIONS.pdf: 5612905 bytes, checksum: 3fd32464f68606705a4b23070897a8e2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-23T12:23:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) SOME NEW FAMILIES OF CONTINUOUS DISTRIBUTIONS.pdf: 5612905 bytes, checksum: 3fd32464f68606705a4b23070897a8e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-27 / FACEPE / The area of survival analysis is important in Statistics and it is commonly applied in biological sciences, engineering, social sciences, among others. Typically, the time of life or failure can have different interpretations depending on the area of application. For example, the lifetime may mean the life itself of a person, the operating time of equipment until its failure, the time of survival of a patient with a severe disease from the diagnosis, the duration of a social event as a marriage, among other meanings. The time of life or survival time is a positive continuous random variable, which can have constant, monotonic increasing, monotonic decreasing or non-monotonic (for example, in the form of a U) hazard function. In the last decades, several families of probabilistic models have been proposed. These models can be constructed based on some transformation of a parent distribution, commonly already known in the literature. A given linear combination or mixture of G models usually defines a class of probabilistic models having G as a special case. This thesis is composed of independent chapters. The first and last chapters are short chapters that include the introduction and conclusions of the study developed. Two families of distributions, namely the exponentiated logarithmic generated (ELG) class and the geometric Nadarajah-Haghighi (NHG) class are studied. The last one is a composition of the Nadarajah-Haghighi and geometric distributions. Further, we develop a statistical library for the R programming language called the AdequacyModel. This is an improvement of the package that was available on CRAN (Comprehensive R Archive Network) and it is currently in version 2.0.0. The two main functions of the library are the goodness.fit and pso functions. The first function allows to obtain the maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) of the model parameters and some goodness-of-fit of the fitted probabilistic models. It is possible to choose the method of optimization for maximizing the log-likelihood function. The second function presents the method meta-heuristics global search known as particle swarm optimization (PSO) proposed by Eberhart and Kennedy (1995). Such methodology can be used for obtaining the MLEs necessary for the calculation of some measures of adequacy of the probabilistic models. / A área de análise de sobrevivência é importante na Estatística e é comumente aplicada às ciências biológicas, engenharias, ciências sociais, entre outras. Tipicamente, o tempo de vida ou falha pode ter diferentes interpretações dependendo da área de aplicação. Por exemplo, o tempo de vida pode significar a própria vida de uma pessoa, o tempo de funcionamento de um equipamento até sua falha, o tempo de sobrevivência de um paciente com uma doença grave desde o diagnóstico, a duração de um evento social como um casamento, entre outros significados. O tempo de vida é uma variável aleatória não negativa, que pode ter a função de risco na forma constante, monótona crescente, monótona decrescente ou não monótona (por exemplo, em forma de U). Nas últimas décadas, várias famílias de modelos probabilísticos têm sido propostas. Esses modelos podem ser construídos com base em alguma transformação de uma distribuição padrão, geralmente já conhecida na literatura. Uma dada combinação linear ou mistura de modelos G normalmente define uma classe de modelos probabilísticos tendo G como caso especial. Esta tese é composta de capítulos independentes. O primeiro e último são curtos capítulos que incluem a introdução e as conclusões do estudo desenvolvido. Duas famílias de distribuições, denominadas de classe “exponentiated logarithmic generated” (ELG) e a classe “geometric Nadarajah-Haghighi” (NHG) s˜ao estudadas. A ´ultima ´e uma composi¸c˜ao das distribuições de Nadarajah-Haghighi e geométrica. Além disso, desenvolvemos uma biblioteca estatística para a linguagem de programação R chamada AdequacyModel. Esta é uma melhoria do pacote que foi disponibilizado no CRAN (Comprehensive R Archive Network) e está atualmente na versão 2.0.0. As duas principais funções da biblioteca são as funções goodness.fit e pso. A primeira função permite obter as estimativas de máxima verossimilhança (EMVs) dos parâmetros de um modelo e algumas medidas de bondade de ajuste dos modelos probabilísticos ajustados. E possível escolher o método de otimização para maximizar a função de log-verossimilhan¸ca. A segunda função apresenta o método meta-heurístico de busca global conhecido como Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) proposto por Eberhart e Kennedy (1995). Algumas metodologias podem ser utilizadas para obtenção das EMVs necessárias para o cálculo de algumas medidas de adequação dos modelos probablísticos ajustados.
240

Estabilidade de azeite de oliva extra virgem (Olea europaea) em diferentes sistemas de embalagem / Virgin olive oil (Olea europaea) stability in different packaging systems

Silva, Simone Faria, 1982- 04 August 2011 (has links)
Orientador: Carlos Alberto Rodrigues Anjos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T01:59:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_SimoneFaria_M.pdf: 1593706 bytes, checksum: 8638ac2aa9e5c64d696541a7b8384710 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O consumo de azeite de oliva no Brasil apresentou um crescimento de 70% na última década. As gôndolas dos supermercados foram tomadas por uma diversidade de azeites de oliva acondicionados em vários tipos de embalagens. Esses produtos são todos importados, sendo que uma parte é fracionada e envasada no Brasil, visto que não existe produção em escala comercial no país. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a estabilidade do azeite de oliva extra virgem em diferentes sistemas de embalagem. As amostras de azeite de oliva extra virgem foram fracionadas e acondicionadas em embalagens de polietileno tereftalato (PET) nas cores cristal (transparente) e âmbar; em latas de folha-de-flandres; e em garrafas de vidro transparente. Um lote destas embalagens foi inertizado com nitrogênio gasoso. O envase e o fechamento foram feitos de forma manual. As amostras foram estocadas à temperatura ambiente (25±2°C) e em duas condições: mantidas em caixas de papelão ao abrigo da luz e expostas à luz (2900 lux) por 12 horas/dia por um período de seis meses. Para determinação da estabilidade do azeite foram realizadas análises físico-químicas de ácidos graxos livres, índice de peróxidos, extinção específica a 230 e 270 nm, teor de clorofila e cor L*C*h, no momento inicial e a cada 30 dias. Já as análises de umidade, compostos fenólicos totais, teor de tocoferóis e cor Lovibond foram feitas em intervalos de 90 dias. Observou-se que no período de 6 meses de estocagem, os resultados mais expressivos ocorreram devido à foto-oxidação, com degradação significativa nos compostos a-tocoferol, clorofila e significativa alteração da cor. Os efeitos da auto-oxidação foram observados pelo ligeiro aumento do valor de K232 e do índice de peróxido. Quando armazenados no escuro durante 6 meses, os quatro tipos de embalagem foram eficazes em manter a estabilidade oxidativa do azeite. Quando exposto à luz, o azeite das embalagens de PET e vidro transparentes apresentou expressiva degradação. Na embalagem de PET âmbar a degradação foi mais lenta, porém significativa. A inertização com nitrogênio não teve efeito sobre a estabilidade do azeite nos diferentes tipos de embalagens. Assim, diante dos resultados obtidos no experimento e sabendo que o azeite de oliva é exposto à luz nos pontos de venda e durante o consumo doméstico, o uso de embalagens transparentes não é recomendado para azeites de oliva extra virgem. Quanto à embalagem de PET âmbar, faz-se necessário melhorar seus parâmetros de barreira à luz, como a pigmentação e a espessura da parede / Abstract: Brazilian consumption of olive oil presented a growth about 70% in the last decade. Market shelves has been filled by a diversity of olive oil conditioned in a variety of packages. ln the Brazilian marketing all of the olive oil are imported and part of them are parceled and packed in Brazil, since in the country there is no production in commercial scale. The objective of this work is to evaluate the stability of virgin olive oil in different packaging systems. The olive oil was fractioned and packed in transparent and amber polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles, transparent glass bottles and tinplates cans. Half of the package received a nitrogen flow. The filling and closing were done manually. The samples were stored during six months at room temperature (25±2°C) and in two conditions: in cardboard boxes without exposition to light and with light exposition (2900 lux) for 12 hours/day. The quality parameters to determination of the oil stability were analyzed monthly: free fatty acid, peroxide value, specific extinction at 230 and 270 nm, chlorophyll content and color L*C*h. The moisture, total phenolics, a-tocopherol content and Lovibond color were evaluated every ninety days. It was observed that within 6 months of storage, the most significant results were due to photo-oxidation, causing significant degradation on the contents of a-tocopherol and chlorophyll and changes in the color. The effects of auto-oxidation were observed by the slight increase in K232 and peroxide value. It was realized that when stored in the dark for six months, the packages studied were effective in maintaining the oil stability. The most significant changes occur in the olive oil exposed to light in transparent PET and glass bottles. The inerting with nitrogen had no effect on the stability of olive oil. Thus, considering the results obtained in the experiment and knowing the fact that olive oil is exposed to light at points of sale and during the domestic consumption, the transparent packages are not recommended for extra virgin olive oil. Relating to the amber PET bottles exposed to light, the effect of the oxidation was slower, but significant. Therefore, it's necessary to improve its light barrier like the thickness and the pigmentation / Mestrado / Tecnologia de Alimentos / Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos

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