This dissertation provides a comprehensive methodology for accurate analysis and design of miniaturized radio frequency (RF) surface acoustic wave (SAW) duplexer package. Full-wave analysis based on the three dimensional (3-D) finite element method (FEM) is successfully applied to model the package. The die model is obtained by combining the acoustics and die busbars parasitics models. The acoustics model is obtained using the coupling-of-models (COM) technique. The die busbars, bonding wires and printed circuit board (PCB) are modeled using full-wave analysis. After that, the models of package, die, and bonding wires are assembled together to get the total response. To take into account the mutual couplings, the methodology is extended to model the package, die busbars, and bonding wires together. The advantages and disadvantages of the methodology are also discussed. Based on the methodology, the Korea personal communication system (KPCS) duplexer is analyzed and designed. The isolation of KPCS duplexer package is significantly improved by redesigning inner ground plane, bonding wire scheme and ground via. A KPCS duplexer package is designed and excellent transmitter to receiver isolation in the transmission band is achieved. Simulation and measurement results are compared, and excellent agreement is found. Although we focus on investigating the methods to improve the isolation, the passband performance is also improved. The methodology is also successfully used for flip chip duplexer. The simulation results from our assembling method match the measurement results very well. Optimization method is applied to improve the transmit band isolation. With the new package and die design, the transmit band isolation can be improved from -53.6 dB to -65.2 dB. Based on the new package, the effect of the Rx ground trace on the isolation is investigated and the transmit band isolation can achieve -67.3 dB with the modification of the Rx ground trace. The technique developed in this dissertation reduces the design cycle time greatly and can be applied to various RF SAW device packages.

Tourism plays a crucial role in driving economic growth and regional development for countries worldwide as well as spurring economic growth in counties within regions. This thesis delves into the unexplored potential of two Swedish counties, Halland and Kalmar, as tourist destinations. Focusing on their degree of digitalization and digitization, we conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis to understand the current state of tourism and identify opportunities for sustainable growth within digitalization. All hotels in both of the counties were studied and compared to see how present they were online on third party booking sites.  The thesis has used secondary data from official tourism statistics sites simultaneously as well as combining them with gathered data from all of the different hotels own websites as well as third party sites used for booking. By examining the two key factors of presence online and package deals we evaluate potential room for improvement for the respective county.  Our findings show that there are several similarities between Halland and Kalmar when it comes to the degree of digitalization and how the regions offer package deals on a broad spectrum. There seems however to be room for improvement for both counties when analyzed to what the literature states. Hotels in Halland have a larger presence online than the hotels in Kalmar, when looking at how many guest nights per hotel the county has, Hallad comes out on top by a large margin. We argue that because of the larger online presence of hotels in Halland they achieve to attract more tourists than Kalmar, despite having fewer hotels in total.  To increase growth in the hospitality industry this thesis proposes a few actionable recommendations for both counties. Implementing more package deals and diversifying the contents of these package deals and focusing more on the digital marketing platforms that are readily available for every business in the hospitality business.  This thesis contributes to a deeper insight into how business owners should act to increase their odds of success as well as how policymakers might help business in their region to develop further. This thesis also gives stakeholders a way of measuring the online presence of hotels and by extension then a way of comparing presence online.

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Jag har studerat och försökt att undersöka varför förpackningar av sexleksaker ser ut som de gör och i processen har jag också undersökt hur deras visuella kommunikation uppfattas och vad som eventuellt skulle kunna göras bättre. Anledningen till denna uppsats är att min uppfattning av förpackningari sexleksaksindustrin är sexistisk, kränkandeoch framför allt består av dålig design. Jag redogör för litteratur som jag anser vara intressant för uppdraget och den behandlar både byggandet av varumärken och förpackningsdesign. En undersökning ochintervjuer med experter kommer också att presenteras. Slutligen gerdesignarbetet ett exempel på hur enstilren förpackningsdesign kan vara svaret påfrågan om hur man bäst kommunicerarförpackningen till en sexleksak.Uppsatsen är inte avgörande i den aspekten att den inte ger ett svar på varför paketenär utformade som de är, dockutvecklar jag vad några av möjligheternaskulle kunna vara. Till slut diskuterar jag varför det är viktigt att en förändring sker detta område av förpackningsdesign. / I’ve studied and tried to investigate why thepackaging of sex toys look like they do, andin the process I’ve also researched how theirvisual communication is perceived and whatcould possibly be made better. The reasonfor this thesis is that my opinion of packagingin the sex toy industry is sexistic, offensiveand mainly consistent of bad design. I reviewliterature that I consider to be interesting forthe mission and it treats both the building ofbrands and packaging design. A survey andexpert interviews will also be presented. Finallythe design work gives an example of how aclean package design can be the answer forthe question of how one best communicatethe packaging of a sex toy.The study is not conclusive in the aspect that itdoesn’t provide an answer to why the packagesare designed the way they are, I do howeverelaborate on what some of the possibilitiesmight be. In the end I discuss the importanceof why a change must be made in this area ofpackaging design.

With the world’s population moving to urban areas due to an increase in population and employment opportunities, e-commerce businesses need to drastically improve logistics to levelwith the eruptive demand from the customers. This expands an already major need to undertake a study on urban logistics management to highlight its best practices. The most sustainable means of “End mile delivery” is a cargo bike, but this operation is limited to selective areas of the city. This prompts van deliveries to be an integral part of logistics, even for small packages. Major limitations of the cargo bike operation not expanding is the non-consolidation of package and routing issues. This research holistically explores how simulation techniques, such as “Agent-Based Modeling”, can play a vital role in the operational side of logistics management and planning. These models can solve the issues, such as package sorting, for cargo bike riders which are facilitated by a mobile hub. This smart mobile hub operation collaborates with the cargo bikes to ensure a larger geo-fence and higher vehicle utilization. Further study of reverse logistic policies in Stockholm is incorporated in the model, to establish a circular economy. An “ABM”, simulating the daily operation of this new proposed urban logistics, has been developed on AnyLogic®. / I takt med världsbefolkningens förflyttning till städer behöver e-handelsindustrin drastiskt förbättra logistiken för att möta den ständigt ökande efterfrågan hos konsumenter. Detta utvidgar ett redan stort behov av studier av stadslogistikhantering för att lyfta fram dess bästa praktiker. Det mest hållbara medlet för ”End mile delivery” är lastcyklar, men de är begränsade till utvalda stadsområden. Således blir skåpbilsleveranser en väsentlig del av logistiken, även gällande mindre paket. Brist på utveckling av lastcyklarnas stora begränsningar är paket- och ruttproblemens icke-konsolidering. Denna forskning utforskar holistiskt hur simulationstekniker, såsom ”Agent-Baserad modellering”, kan spela en väsentlig roll i den operativa sidan av logistik-hantering och planering. Dessa modeller kan lösa lastcyklarnas problem, däribland med paketsorteringen, vilka underlättas med hjälp av ett mobilt nav. Denna smarta mobila-nav-verksamhet samarbetar med lastcyklarna för att säkra ett större geo-fence och högre fordonsutnyttjande. Vidare studie av returlogistik-regelverk i Stockholm är inkorporerad i modellen, för att etablera en cirkulärekonomi. En ”ABM”, som simulerar den dagliga driften av denna nya föreslagna stadslogistik, har blivit utvecklad på AnyLogic®.

The purpose of this study was to use a single subject research design to examine the effects of immediate feedback and delayed feedback within the Math to Mastery Intervention Package. The participants were 6 elementary school students who were performing approximately 1 year below grade level in math. A combined simple phase change design was used for the study. 3 of the students experienced the design in the A/B/A/C order, while the other 3 students experienced the design in a reversed order for B and C. During this study, ‘A’ represented the baseline phase and the return to baseline phase, ‘B’ represented the immediate feedback intervention phase, and ‘C’ represented the delayed feedback intervention phase. Each feedback phase was implemented separately for up to 4 weeks for each student. The final phase of intervention for each student included use of the most effective intervention condition after the student was exposed to both intervention feedback conditions. 2 weeks after the best intervention, follow-ups were conducted to determine if the students were able to maintain the skills that they were taught during the intervention. Results revealed that both intervention conditions were successful for addressing deficits in math academic performance. Improvement was seen for all 6 students with increases in digits correct per minute on single skill math worksheets, single skill math progress worksheets, and multiple skill math progress worksheets. Implications for school leadership within school settings are provided.

Missed deliveries are a major issue for package carriers and a source of great hassle for the customers. Either the carrier attempts to redeliver the package, incurring the additional expense of visiting the same house up to three times, or they leave the package on the doorstep, vulnerable to package thieves. In this dissertation, a system of collection-and-delivery-points (CDPs) has been proposed to improve customer service and reduce carrier costs. A CDP is a place, either in an existing business or a new location, where the carrier drops any missed deliveries and the customers can pick the packages at their convenience. To examine the viability of a CDP system in North America, a variation on a location-routing problem (LRP) was created, a mixed-integer programming model called the CDP-LRP. Unlike standard LRPs, the CDP-LRP takes into account both the delivery truck route distance and the direct customer travel to the CDPs. Also, the facilities being placed are not located at the beginning and ending of the truck routes, but are stops along the routes. After testing, it became clear that, because of the size and complexity of the problem, the CDP-LRP is unable to be solved exactly in a reasonable amount of time. Heuristics developed for the standard LRP cannot be applied to the CDP-LRP because of the differences between the models. Therefore, three heuristics were created to approximate the solution to the CDP-LRP, each with two different embedded modified vehicle routing problem (VRP) algorithms, the Clark-Wright and the Sweep, modified to handle the additional restrictions caused by the CDPs. The first is an improvement heuristic, in which each closed CDP is tested as a replacement for each open CDP, and the move that creates the most savings is implemented. The second begins with every CDP open, and closes them one at a time, while the third does the reverse and begins will only one open CDP, then opens the others one by one. In each case, a penalty is applied if the customer travel distance is too long. Each heuristic was tested for each possible number of open CDPs, and the least expensive was chosen as the best solution. Each heuristic and VRP algorithm combination was tested using three delivery failure rates and different data sets: three small data sets pulled from VRP literature, and randomly generated clustered and uniformly distributed data sets with three different numbers of customers. OpenAll and OpenOne produced better solutions than Replacement in most instances, and the Sweep Algorithm outperformed the Clark-Wright in both solution quality and time in almost every test. To judge the quality of the heuristic solutions, the results were compared to the results of a simple locate-first, route-second sequential algorithm that represents the way the decision would commonly be made in industry today. The CDPs were located using a simple facility location model, then the delivery routes were created with the Sweep algorithm. These results were mixed: for the uniformly distributed data sets, if the customer travel penalty threshold and customer density are low enough, the heuristics outperform the sequential algorithm. For the clustered data sets, the sequential algorithm produces solutions as good as or slightly better than the sequential algorithm, because the location of the potential CDP inside the clusters means that the penalty has less impact, and the addition of more open CDPs has less effect on the delivery route distances. The heuristic solutions were also compared to a second value – the route costs incurred by the carrier in the current system of redeliveries, calculated by placing additional customers in the routes and running the Sweep algorithm – to judge the potential savings that could be realized by implementing a CDP system in North America. Though in some circumstances the current system is less expensive, depending on the geographic distribution of the customers and the delivery failure rate, in other circumstances the cost savings to the carrier could be as high as 27.1%. Though the decision of whether or not to set up a CDP system in an area would need to be made on a case-by-case basis, the results of this study suggest that such a system could be successful in North America. / Doctor of Philosophy / Missed deliveries are a major issue for package carriers and a source of great hassle for the customers. Either the carrier attempts to redeliver the package, incurring the additional expense of visiting the same house up to three times, or they leave the package on the doorstep, vulnerable to package thieves. In this dissertation, a system of collection-and-delivery-points (CDPs) has been proposed to improve customer service and reduce carrier costs. A CDP is a place, either in an existing business or a new location, where the carrier drops any missed deliveries and the customers can pick the packages at their convenience. To examine the viability of a CDP system in North America, a mathematical programming model was created called the CDP-LRP. Because of the size and complexity of the problem, it is unable to be solved exactly in a reasonable amount of time. Therefore, three heuristics were created to approximate the solution to the CDP-LRP, each with two different embedded modified vehicle routing problem (VRP) algorithms. For all the heuristics, a penalty is applied if the customer travel distance is too long. Each heuristic and VRP algorithm combination was tested using different data sets: three small data sets pulled from VRP literature, and randomly generated clustered and uniformly distributed data sets with three different numbers of customers. To judge the quality of the heuristic solutions, the results were compared to the results of a simple locate-first, route-second sequential algorithm that represents the way the decision would commonly be made in industry today. These results were mixed: for the uniformly distributed data sets, if the customer travel penalty threshold and customer density are low enough, the heuristics outperform the sequential algorithm. For the clustered data sets, the sequential algorithm produces solutions as good as or slightly better than the sequential algorithm, because the location of the potential CDP inside the clusters means that the penalty has less impact, and the addition of more open CDPs has less effect on the delivery route distances. The heuristic solutions were also compared to a second value – the route costs incurred by the carrier in the current system of redeliveries – to judge the potential savings that could be realized by implementing a CDP system in North America. Though in some circumstances the current system is less expensive, depending on the geographic distribution of the customers and the delivery failure rate, in other circumstances the cost savings to the carrier could be as high as 27.1%. Though the decision of whether or not to set up a CDP system in an area would need to be made on a case-by-case basis, the results of this study suggest that such a system could be successful in North America.