Recent emerging gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) is expected to be a promising candidate for high frequency power conversion techniques. Due to the advantages of the material, the GaN HEMT has a better figure of merit (FOM) compared to the state-of-the-art silicon (Si) power metal oxide silicon field effect transistor (MOSFET), which allows the GaN HEMT to switch with faster transition and lower switching loss. By applying the GaN HEMT in a circuit design, it is possible to achieve high frequency, high efficiency, and high density power conversion at the same time. To characterize the switching performance of the GaN HEMT, an accurate behavior-level simulation model is developed in this thesis. The packaging related parasitic inductance, including both self-inductance and mutual-inductance, are extracted based on finite element analysis (FEA) methods. Then the accuracy of the simulation model is verified by a double-pulse tester, and the simulation results match well with experiment in terms of both device switching waveform and switching energy. Based on the simulation model, detailed loss breakdown and loss mechanism analysis are made. The cascode GaN HEMT has high turn-on loss due to the body diode reverse recovery of the low voltage Si MOSFET and the common source inductance (CSI) of the package; while the turn-off loss is extremely small attributing to the cascode structure. With this unique feature, the critical conduction mode (CRM) soft switching technique are applied to reduce the dominant turn on loss and increase converter efficiency significantly. The switching frequency is successfully pushed to 5MHz while maintaining high efficiency and good thermal performance. Traditional packaging method is becoming a bottle neck to fully utilize the advantages of GaN HEMT. So an investigation of the package influence on the cascode GaN HEMT is also conducted. Several critical parasitic inductors are identified, which cause high turn on loss and high parasitic ringing which may lead to device failure. To solve the issue, the stack-die package is proposed to eliminate all critical parasitic inductors, and as a result, reducing turn on loss by half and avoiding potential failure mode of the cascode GaN device effectively. Utilizing the proposed stack-die package and ZVS soft switching, the GaN HEMT high frequency, high efficiency, and high density power conversion capability can be further extended to a higher level. / Master of Science

<p dir="ltr">Software Package Registries are an integral part of the Software Supply Chain, acting as collaborative platforms that unite contributors, users, and packages, and streamline package management processes. Much of the engineering work around reusing packages from these platforms deals with the issue of synthesis, combining multiple packages into a new package or downstream project. Recently, researchers have examined registries that specialize in providing Pre-Trained Models (PTMs), to explore the nuances of the PTM Supply Chain. These works suggest that the main engineering challenge of PTM reuse is not synthesis but selection. However, these findings have been primarily qualitative and lacking quantitative evidence of the observed differences. I therefore evaluate the following hypothesis:</p><p dir="ltr"><i>The prioritization of selection over synthesis in Pre-Trained Model reuse means that the evolution and reuse of Pre-Trained Models differs compared to traditional software. </i><i>The evolution of models will be more linear, and the reuse of models will be more centralized.</i></p>

Yes / Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has attracted renewed interest in the re-evaluation of the equations of state (EoS) for the prediction of thermodynamic properties. This study also evaluates EoS for Peng–Robinson (PR) and Soave–Redlich–Kwong (SRK) and their capability to predict the thermodynamic properties of CO2-rich mixtures. The investigation was carried out using machine learning such as an artificial neural network (ANN) and a classified learner. A lower average absolute relative deviation (AARD) of 7.46% was obtained for the PR in comparison with SRK (AARD = 15.0%) for three components system of CO2 with N2 and CH4. Moreover, it was found to be 13.5% for PR and 19.50% for SRK in the five components’ (CO2 with N2, CH4, Ar, and O2) case. In addition, applying machine learning provided promise and valuable insight to deal with engineering problems. The implementation of machine learning in conjunction with EoS led to getting lower predictive AARD in contrast to EoS. An of AARD 2.81% was achieved for the three components and 12.2% for the respective five components mixture.

By making a CDA the linguistic and semantic features in cosmetic products are going to be examined. For the purpose of this study, 99 products, from two companies, are analysed in order to find out if the marketing teams of the companies are using different linguistic and semiotic features in order to persuade their target group. Theories of masculinity and femininity are presented and the relationship between gender and language is analysed. Furthermore, Aristotle’s theory about the three proofs of persuasion ethos, pathos and logos is discussed. After analyzing and discussing the data that have been gathered in relation with the background theories, significant differences are noticed on the products for the two genders. In the research appears that the two genders are targeted in different ways and that different linguistic and semiotic features are used for each gender.

Bakgrund och problemdiskussion: Ökad konkurrens sätter press på företag att vara anpassningsbara och utveckla sina verksamheter vilket har resulterat i att fler företag, framförallt tillverkande, infört Lean Production (LP) på grund av dess potential att stärka produktionseffektiviteten. Tidigare forskning menar att den traditionella verksamhetsstyrningen och ledarskapet inte stödjer användandet av LP och är i behov av att anpassas för att stödja de förändringar som LP-strategin innebär. Tidigare forskning har vidare inte haft svenska företag som sin utgångspunkt vilket skapar intresse om tidigare identifierade effekter på hur LP påverkar verksamhetsstyrning och ledarskap även går att bevittna i svenska tillverkande företag. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva samt analysera de effekter och utmaningar som kan identifieras i en övergång mot LP på verksamhetsstyrning och ledarskap bland några svenska tillverkande företag. Metod: En kvalitativ flerfallsstudie på fyra svenska tillverkande företag: Emballator Lagan Plast, Emballator Växjöplast, Glamox Luxo Lightning och Gårö Plåtprodukter. Teorin underbyggdes av relevant litteratur, vetenskapliga artiklar och sekundärkällor, samt tidigare empirisk forskning. Empirin hämtades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer på plats samt observationer. Slutsats: Samtliga fallföretag har genomgått förändringar som följd av LP, med vissa genomgående karaktäriserande drag men även förändringar som skiljer sig emellan företagen. Utifrån analysen har det gått att se att LP frambringat flertalet effekter bland fallföretagen på verksamhetsstyrning och ledarskap där de flesta har liknelser med tidigare empiriska studiersresultat. Dock har andra effekter identifierats, bland annat den ökade mognadsgraden hos ledarskapet och hur den påverkat utformningen av verksamhetsstyrningen och de LP principer som införts. Ytterligare har även framtida utmaningar med LP identifierats. / Background and problem discussion: Increased competition on the market puts pressure on companies to be adaptable and develop their operations which has resulted in that more companies, especially within manufacturing, has introduced Lean production (LP) as a way to streamline and improve their operations. Previous research argues that the traditional view of management control and leadership does not support the use of LP and needs to be adapted to support the changes resulting from the LP strategy. Previous research has furthermore not focused on exclusively Swedish companies which makes it interesting to see if previously identified effects on management control and leadership caused by LP also can be identified in some Swedish manufacturing companies. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the effects that can be identified in a transition toward LP on management control and leadership among some Swedish manufacturing companies. Method: A qualitative multi-case study of four Swedish manufacturing companies, Emballator Lagan Plast, Emballator Växjöplast, Glamox Luxo Lightning and Gårö Plåtprodukter. The theory was supported by relevant literature, scientific articles and secondary sources. The empirical data was retrieved through semi-structured interviews and observations. Conclusion: All case companies have undergone changes as a result of LP, with some consistently characterizing traits but also changes that differ between the companies. Based on the analysis, it has been possible to identify several effects regarding the companies leadership and management control due to LP, where some have previously been identified in other empirical studies. However, other effects have also been identified, including the increased maturity of leadership and how it has influenced the design of management and control within the case companies and the LP principles they introduced. Furthermore future challenges regarding LP have also been identified.

Problembakgrund och problemdiskussion: Som följd av samhällets ökade medvetenhet avseende hållbarhet står näringslivet inför utmaningar av att möta de förändrade förhållandena, som externa och interna drivkrafter bidragit till, för att bibehålla en etablerad marknadsposition. Dessa utmaningar reflekteras även i företags förmågor att inkludera hållbarhet inom verksamhetsstyrningens komponenter, vilket ramverk som “Sustainability Control System as a Package” ämnar att underlätta. Däremot varierar beslutet av att inkludera hållbarhet inom verksamheter och dess styrning utifrån olika motiv, vilka förklaras som kognitiva, normativa och regulativa fundament. Hur dessa fundament påverkar den hållbara verksamhetsstyrningen har inte tidigare tagits till hänsyn vid forskning, vilket följande studie ämnar att göra.   Metod: Den kvalitativa studien har utförts som en flerfallstudie där semistrukturerade intervjuer från fallföretag, som representerat de tre kognitiva, normativa och regulativa fundamenten, utgjort grunden för studiens empiriska materialinsamling. Detta för att gentemot den teoretiska referensramen kunna urskilja mönster för hur hållbara element genomsyrar respektive verksamhetsstyrning.   Syfte: Syftet med följande studie är att bidra med analyser och förklaringar över hur företags kognitiva, normativa och regulativa fundament genomsyrar den hållbara verksamhetsstyrningen. Detta för att sedan kunna urskilja varför verksamhetsstyrningen är utformad på ett visst sätt, med utgångspunkt i “Sustainability Control System as a Package”.   Slutsats: Utifrån studien anses företags hållbara verksamhetsstyrning utformas olika utifrån de fundament som grundat vilka samt till vilken grad hållbara aspekter prioriteras. För verksamheter som drivs utifrån kognitiva fundament genomsyrar deras hållbarhetsarbete verksamhetsstyrningen med grund i ett företags affärskoncept och influerar främst informella styrsätt som kulturen, värderingar, en transparent och tvärfunktionell kommunikation samt en allokerad ansvarsfördelning, vilket understöttas av ett antal formella styrmedel. För företag med normativa fundament genomsyrar hållbarhet verksamheten som en utav flera delar av det grundläggande affärskonceptet via den överordnade strategin. Formella styrsätt som tydliga strategier och målsättningar, uppföljning av dessa samt tydlig arbetsfördelning, influerar verksamhetsstyrningen för att strukturerat samordna hållbarhet med de övriga affärskonceptens områden. Företag med regulativa fundament bibehåller det grundläggande affärskoncept, där hållbarhet istället genomsyrar verksamhetsstyrningens komponenter direkt med övervägande formella styrsätt, främst målsättningar och riktlinjer, för att strukturerat etablera och upprätthålla ett accepterat hållbarhetsarbete utifrån lagar och externa krav. / Background and Problem: As a consequence from the society's increased sustainability awareness, companies face challenges of meeting the changed conditions, which external and internal incentives have contributed to, in order to attain an established market position. These challenges also reflect the constitution of the management control system, which frameworks like the “Sustainability Control System as a Package” intends to facilitate. However, the choice of including sustainability within companies and their management control varies between different motives, which are described as cognitive, normative and regulatory reasons. How these underlying reasons affect the sustainable management control haven’t been researched before, which is the aim of this study.                                                                  Method: The qualitative study has been made by a multiple case study on companies, that represents the three cognitive, normative and regulative underlying reasons, using semi structured interviews which has constructed the basis for the empirical data collection. This has been compared to the theoretical framework in order to distinguish patterns of how sustainability permeate each management control system. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to contribute with an analysis and explanations of how a company’s regulatory, normative or cognitive underlying reason permeate its sustainable management control system. This will be made in order to distinguish why the management control is constructed in a certain way, by using the framework “Sustainability Control System as a Package”.   Conclusion: Based on the made study, companies sustainable management control is considered to be constructed based on what underlying reasons that have formed which, and how much, sustainable elements are prioritized. Companies who are driven by cognitive reasons permeate their business with sustainable elements by making sustainability their business concept. Mostly the informal control systems like culture, values, a transparent and cross functional communication as well as an allocated responsibility have been affected, which are supported by a number of formal control systems. Companies who have normative reasons permeate their business with sustainability by making it as one of several parts in their business concept, through their overall strategy. Formal control systems like distinctive strategies and goals, performance measurements and a clear division of responsibility are being used as a way to coordinate the sustainability in a structured way, to facilitate with the other parts of the business concept. On the contrary, companies who have regulative reasons keep their already established fundamental business concept, where sustainability directly permeate the different components of their management control system. Formal control systems, mainly goals and policies, are used, in order to create and keep a structured sustainability implementation according to laws and external demands.

Continued technology scaling together with the integration of disparate technologies in a single chip means that device performance continues to outstrip interconnect and packaging capabilities, and hence there exist many difficult engineering challenges, most notably in power management, noise isolation, and intra and inter-chip communication. Significant research effort spanning many decades has been expended on traditional VLSI integration technologies, encompassing process, circuit and architectural issues to tackle these problems. Recently however, three- dimensional (3-D) integration has emerged as a leading contender in the challenge to meet performance, heterogeneous integration, cost, and size demands through this decade and beyond. Through silicon via (TSV) based 3-D wafer-level integration is an emerging vertical interconnect methodology that is used to route the signal and power supply links through all chips in the stack vertically. Delay and signal integrity (SI) calculation for signal propagation through TSVs is a critical analysis step in the physical design of such systems. In order to reduce design time and mirror well established practices, it is desirable to carry this out in two stages, with the physical structures being modelled by parasitic parameters in equivalent circuits, and subsequent analysis of the equivalent circuits for the desired metric. This thesis addresses both these issues. Parasitic parameter extraction is carried out using a field solver to explore trends in typical technologies to gain an insight into the variation of resistive, capacitive and inductive parasitics including coupling effects. A set of novel closed-form equations are proposed for TSV parasitics in terms of physical dimensions and material properties, allowing the electrical modelling of TSV bundles without the need for computationally expensive field-solvers. Suitable equivalent circuits including capacitive and inductive coupling are derived, and comparisons with field solver provided values are used to show the accuracy of the proposed parasitic parameter models for the purpose of performance and SI analysis. The deep submicron era saw the interconnection delay rather than the gate delay become the major bottleneck in modern digital design. The nature of this problem in 3-D circuits is studied in detail in this thesis. The ubiquitous technique of repeater insertion for reducing propagation delay and signal degradation is examined for TSVs, and suitable strategies and analysis techniques are proposed. Further, a minimal power smart repeater suitable for global on-chip interconnects, which has the potential to reduce power consumption by as much as 20% with respect to a traditional inverter is proposed. A modeling and analysis methodology is also proposed, that makes the smart repeater easier to amalgamate in CAD flows at different levels of hierarchy from initial signal planning to detailed place and route when compared to alternatives proposed in the literature. Finally, the topic of system-level performance estimation for massively integrated systems is discussed. As designers are presented with an extra spatial dimension in 3-D integration, the complexity of the layout and the architectural trade-offs also increase. Therefore, to obtain a true improvement in performance, a very careful analysis using detailed models at different hierarchical levels is crucial. This thesis presents a cohesive analysis of the technological, cost, and performance trade-offs for digital and mixed-mode systems, outlining the choices available at different points in the design and their ramifications / QC 20100916

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It is the object of the paper to analyse the development of the Netolicko micro region with an emphasis on tourism, completion of a situational analysis and proposal of its new possibilities. The field survey consisted in an annual monitoring of press and controlled interviews with mayors of the individual municipalities. The assessment yielded two main product designs, namely the ``Basic Package{\crqq} and the ``Cycling Package{\crqq} focusing on the getting to know of the natural, cultural and historic monuments and cycling tourism. The basic package consists of accommodation and catering services. The Cycling Package contains a bicycle rental, a guide service and offer of cycling paths.

Stärker verteilte Systeme in der Planung und Produktion verbessern die Agilität und Wartbarkeit von Einzelkomponenten, wobei gleichzeitig jedoch deren Vernetzung untereinander steigt. Das stellt wiederum neue Anforderungen an die semantische Beschreibung der Komponenten und deren Verbindungen, wofür Informations- und Datenmodelle unabdingbar sind. Der Lebenszyklus dieser Modelle ist dabei von Änderungen geprägt, mit denen umgegangen werden muss. Heutige Revisionsverwaltungssysteme, die die industriell geforderte Nachvollziehbarkeit bereitstellen könnten, sind allerdings nicht auf die speziellen Anforderungen der Informations- und Datenmodelle zugeschnitten, wodurch Möglichkeiten einer konsistenten Evolution verringert werden. Im Rahmen dieser Dissertation wurde ein Revision Management System zur durchgängigen Unterstützung der Evolution von Informations- und Datenmodellen entwickelt, das Revisionsverwaltungs- und Evolutionsmechanismen integriert. Besonderheit ist hierbei die technologieunabhängige mathematische und semantische Beschreibung, die eine Überführung des Konzepts in unterschiedliche Technologien ermöglicht. Beispielhaft wurde das Konzept für das Semantic Web als Weiterentwicklung des Open-Source-Projektes R43ples umgesetzt. / The increased distribution of systems in planning and production leads to improved agility and maintainability of individual components, whereas concurrently their cross-linking increases. This causes new requirements for the semantic description of components and links for which information and data models are indispensable. The life cycle of those models is characterized by changes that must be dealt with. However, today’s revision control systems would provide the required industrial traceability but are not enough for the specific requirements of information and data models. As a result, possibilities for a consistent evolution are reduced. Within this thesis a revision management system was developed, integrating revision control and evolution mechanisms to support the evolution of information and data models. The key is the technology-independent mathematical and sematic description allowing the application of the concept within different technologies. Exemplarily the concept was implemented for the Semantic Web as an extension of the open source project R43ples.