Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:20:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Candice Marques de Lima.pdf: 664175 bytes, checksum: b07d171aabb5a341aeee9c7a569a4301 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-12-31 / The actual study´s objective, based on the historic-cultural psychology and on the proposals of the Qualitative Epistemology by González Rey, aims to understand how the subjectivity of children is constituted in the process of inclusion/exclusion in the daycare center. We view such procedure as complex and contradictory, which is not constituted only by the inclusion or exclusion of children with shortcoming, but the inclusion/exclusion of the diversity and the children denoted by the educators as being incapable, considering that they are children of common lower classes and so were not brought up and were not constituted in the hygienic and behavioral standards of the dominant classes. In our survey the information process was developed using the Qualitative Epistemology above-mentioned. To comprehend the phenomenon researched we have used the filming of interactions between the children and their educators, participants of the survey, contextualized in every day scenes at the daycare center. Such filmings were done at the nursery and kindergarden schools. Afterwards, video interviews were carried out with the educators to make sense regarding the interactions between them and the children in the filmings and through the interpretative construction regarding the filmings and video interviews we have construed indicators which have aided us to comprehend that the interactions between the children and educators create the process of the children´s inclusion/exclusion; the survey mobilizes stimulates the educator´s vision of the child in research, which aids in his/her inclusions procedure; the way the child is subjectived in relation to the educator can be constituted in the inclusion or exclusion process. However, we understand that the communication between educator-child, permeated by affectivity is the essential factor for the process of the child´s inclusion/exclusion in the daycare center. / O presente estudo, baseado na psicologia histórico-cultural e nas propostas da Epistemologia Qualitativa de González Rey, tem como objetivo compreender como se constitui a subjetividade de crianças em processo de inclusão/exclusão na creche. Entendemos tal processo como complexo e contraditório, o qual não se constitui apenas pela inclusão ou exclusão de crianças com deficiência, mas da inclusão/exclusão da diversidade e das crianças significadas pelas educadoras como crianças incapazes, por se tratarem de crianças das classes populares e, portanto, não se desenvolverem e não se constituírem num padrão de higiene e comportamento das classes dominantes. Em nossa pesquisa, o processo de informações foi desenvolvido a partir da Epistemologia Qualitativa acima referida. Para a compreensão do fenômeno pesquisado utilizamos a filmagem das interações entre as crianças e suas educadoras, os participantes da pesquisa, contextualizadas em cenas cotidianas na creche. Tais filmagens foram feitas no berçário e no terceiro agrupamento. Depois, foram realizadas vídeo-entrevistas com as educadoras para que produzissem sentido a respeito das interações entre elas e as crianças nas filmagens e, através da construção interpretativa a respeito das filmagens e das vídeo-entrevistas, construímos indicadores que nos auxiliaram a compreender que a interação entre as crianças e as educadoras produz o processo de inclusão/exclusão das crianças; a pesquisa mobiliza o olhar da educadora para a criança pesquisada, o que auxilia em seu processo de inclusão; a forma como a criança se subjetiva na relação com a educadora pode-se constituir em processo de inclusão ou de exclusão. Portanto, compreendemos que a comunicação entre educadora-criança, permeada pela afetividade, é fator essencial para o processo de inclusão/exclusão da criança na creche.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:31:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jamila Casimiro Pereira.pdf: 508825 bytes, checksum: 95251bd102b286489350f7b1bb75962a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work is based on the assumption that even though currently there is an incentive to the idea of human diversity and religious plurality, still there are manifestations against many of them. The object of this study is the objective and subjective settings in the process of maintaining religious belonging in the context of the everyday life demands of people affiliated to Umbanda in São Paulo. In order to know about this reality members of an Umbanda temple in the Barra Funda neighborhood of São Paulo were interviewed. This urban space was crucial to answer questions about the Umbanda community in the city, still operating in the field of studies of populations of African traditionalism in Brazil, regarding the history of black people in the neighborhood and in São Paulo city. The life histories of 4 adults identified as umbandistas and with a variety intra-religious and non-religious life trajectory were analyzed. The analysis of the interviews revealed four meaningful cores of the experience of being affiliated to Umbanda: the territory of encounter, the religious belonging, the maintenance of belonging, and the overcoming of resentment and inaction. The mediating analysis category of the life stories was the affection. It was chosen because it has been the motivational basis of the action of the subject and it condenses the subjective determinations of their social condition. The reference authors about affection are Espinosa, Vygotsky and Sawaia. The results of this study reveal that the umbandist subject, within everyday modernity, still lives situations of perverse inclusion, suffering with the ethical-political bias that surrounds this religion, which is objectified in the way of feeling and acting on reality itself. The historical aspects of Bantu African traditionalism that still remain in the dynamics of this religion it is a dimension of the Umbanda that favors life force, unlike other religions, because it does not alienate their practitioners in a transcendental power, inhibiting reflection and keeping them in the hope for miracles. Instead, extraordinary events occur in terms of its power to transform the ordinary life of these subjects, but the changes that are produced are not magical, they rely on rational thought and action of people in their set of subjective and objective conditions configured in good or bad encounters / Este trabalho parte da concepção de que apesar de haver na atualidade um incentivo à diversidade humana e à pluralidade religiosa, ainda existem manifestações excludentes em relação a muitas delas. O seu objeto de estudo são as configurações objetivas e subjetivas do processo de manutenção da pertença religiosa em convivência com as demandas da vida cotidiana de pessoas filiadas a Umbanda na cidade de São Paulo. O espaço urbano foi determinante para atender o questionamento sobre a comunidade umbandista paulistana, ainda em exploração no campo dos estudos das populações de tradicionalidades africanas no Brasil, no que se refere ao histórico da população negra paulistana no bairro e na cidade. Foram entrevistados integrantes de um templo de Umbanda situado no bairro da Barra Funda da referida cidade. Foram analisados os históricos de vida de 4 adultos identificados como umbandistas e com trajetória de vida intra-religiosa e extra-religiosa diversas. A análise das entrevistas revelou 4 núcleos de sentido da experiência de ser filiado á umbanda: o território de encontro, a pertença religiosa, a manutenção da pertença e a superação do ressentimento e da inação. A categoria mediadora da análise das histórias de vida foi a afetividade, escolhida por ser a base motivacional da ação do sujeito e por condensar as determinações subjetivas da sua condição social. Os autores de referencia do enfoque da afetividade são Espinosa, Vigotski e Sawaia. Os resultados desse estudo revelam que o sujeito umbandista, no cotidiano da modernidade, ainda vive situações de inclusão perversa, sofrimento ético-político pelo preconceito que ronda esta religião, o que se objetiva na forma de sentir e agir sobre a própria realidade. Os aspectos históricos de tradicionalidade africana Bantu que ainda permanecem na dinâmica da religião é uma dimensão da umbanda que favorece a força de vida, pois não os aliena em um poder transcendental, inibindo a reflexão e os mantendo na esperança de milagres. Ao contrário, ocorrem eventos extraordinários em termos de sua potência de transformação da vida ordinária desses sujeitos, mas as mudanças que são produzidas não são mágicas, dependem da reflexão e ação racional das pessoas no conjunto de suas condições subjetivas e objetivas configuradas nos bons ou maus encontros

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:16:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vera Suzart Barbosa.pdf: 1117162 bytes, checksum: ba75561fd4bcbc2274fc81a58665173e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-20 / The propose of this dissertation is to study two economical solidarity enterprises in Campinas SP: Cooperativa de Reciclagem Tatuapé and the Estandarte de Artesanato Institution. The main objective was to analyze the experience of this two economical solidarity enterprise as a possibility of job and revenue production in order to reach a social inclusion. The work conception, social Exclusion/Inclusion and solidarity economy was adopted as a basic reference using Economy, Sociology, Social Psychology and Social Service in the classic and contemporary authors. As a hypothesis the two economical solidarity enterprises have already studied mean for their participants a possibility to generate job and revenue, it opens the social inclusion that has been constructed in different reach ways and steps. Methodologically the research discuss about a qualitative approach including bibliography, documents, field research and observation. The interview was made with six people from the research, four were from Cooperativa Tatuapé and two were from Grupo Estandarte. The result of this research could affirm the hypothesis considering the particularity of each enterprise, the experience means to the participants a possibility to generate work and revenue in a social inclusion that has been constructed in different steps of citizenship / A presente dissertação tem por objeto o estudo de dois Empreendimentos Econômicos Solidários no Município de Campinas/SP: a Cooperativa de Reciclagem Tatuapé e o Grupo Estandarte de Artesanato. O objetivo geral visou analisar as experiências desses dois empreendimentos econômicos solidários enquanto uma possibilidade de geração de trabalho e renda na perspectiva de inclusão social. Adotamos como referências básicas os conceitos de Trabalho Exclusão/Inclusão social e economia solidária, em autores de Economia, Sociologia, Psicologia Social e Serviço Social, clássicos e contemporâneos. Definiu-se como hipótese que os dois Empreendimentos Econômicos Solidários estudados significam, para seus participantes, uma possibilidade de geração de trabalho e renda na dimensão da inclusão social, ainda em construção, em estágios diferentes de abrangências de cidadania. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa fundamenta-se em uma abordagem qualitativa englobando levantamento bibliográfico, documental, pesquisa de campo e observação. Foi utilizada a entrevista semi-estruturada com seis sujeitos da pesquisa, sendo quatro da cooperativa Tatuapé e dois do Grupo Estandarte. Os resultados da pesquisa confirmaram a hipótese considerando as peculiaridades de cada empreendimento, isto é as experiências significam para os entrevistados uma possibilidade de geração de trabalho e renda na perspectiva da inclusão social ainda em construção e em estágios diferenciados de abrangência de cidadania

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:32:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucelia Fagundes Fernandes Noronha.pdf: 847785 bytes, checksum: 2601aa3d7e4c1ae22e9d86ffdb1ef60c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aims to investigate the social and educational practices brought to effect by a specialized institution providing social-educational services to seriously handicapped individuals, to the extent that apparent cognitive loss is recognized in such individuals and the need for social and educational practices targeting their development. The data have made it apparent that despite segregated they cannot be regarded as socially excluded. They are offered a service regarded as of high-life-quality standard seeking to develop educational practices which, once recognizing these limitations, seek to broaden their personal autonomy, thus allowing their access to human rights and citizenship. Data collecting has been performed through the institution s organizing documents, the proposals, reports, and social and educational activity evaluations. Qualitative treatment to the data was based upon theoretical contributions, regarding citizenship and education rights, by Martuccelli, Cury, and Bittar; social exclusion and inclusion, Martins theoretical perspectives; and development and learning, in Vygotsky s conceptions / levadas a efeito por instituição especializada no atendimento socioeducacional de sujeitos com deficiência intelectual grave, na medida em que se reconhecem os evidentes prejuízos cognitivos desses indivíduos e a necessidade de práticas sociais e educacionais específicas para seu desenvolvimento. Os dados evidenciaram que, embora segregados, eles não podem ser considerados excluídos socialmente. Eles recebem atendimento considerado de padrão elevado de qualidade de vida que procura desenvolver práticas educativas as quais, reconhecendo essas limitações, procuram ampliar as suas autonomias pessoais, propiciando, dessa maneira, o acesso aos direitos humanos e à cidadania. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de documentos organizadores da instituição, das propostas, relatórios e avaliações de atividades educacionais e sociais. O tratamento qualitativo dos dados teve como base as contribuições teóricas, no que tange aos direitos de cidadania e educação, de Martuccelli, Cury e Bittar; exclusão e inclusão social, nas perspectivas teóricas de Martins; e, desenvolvimento e aprendizagem, nas concepções de Vigotski

This thesis addresses one of the major challenges facing education systems in developing countries: that of how to include all children, particularly those from relatively disadvantaged communities. It looks, in particular, at the example in Nepal of children from the Dalit communities, a group known to be disadvantaged and often marginalized within the formal education system. In particular, the study attempts to investigate the barriers that prevent the educational access, participation and progress of these students at the secondary level. This theme was investigated using an ethnographic approach, which examined people's life experiences and culture in natural settings (within schools and in their communities) using data collected through a series of interviews, and observations. It also involved an analysis of the relevant literature and policy documents. What was found is that the reasons for children from the Dalit community being disadvantaged are many and complex. Broadly, they can be summarized as being, first of all, about the difficulties of implementing national policies, particularly in terms of making resources available and providing effective monitoring, even though these policies are very positive about the inclusion of these children. Secondly, it is about the expectations and attitudes amongst the various Dalit communities as to what they want for their children and young people, which are to do with tradition and culture, life styles and economic circumstances. Thirdly, these two sets of factors together put pressure on the schools, which have to find a way of dealing with the challenge of diversity and various expectations. In this way, this research provides some new understanding of the issues that bear on the education of Dalit children. The knowledge gained through this research has practical implications for stakeholders: policy makers, teachers, and Dalit community members and social workers. It is argued that this would help to foster the improvement of policy initiatives and their effective implementation. It could also help to bring changes in the existing attitudes of teachers and Dalit communities that may have a positive impact on Dalit children's integration into education. Most importantly, it has brought a new way of looking at these issues that can be used to inform public debate. The study illustrates the use of a methodology that might usefully be adopted by researchers carrying out research around similar themes in other developing countries. It might also be the case that the barriers that have been identified in Nepal would represent useful starting points for such research.

ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study was to explore the effects inclusion-exclusion on the job-related attitudes of the organizational workforce. These attitudes included job satisfaction, organizational commitment, burnout, and turnover intention. A quantitative survey was conducted using a sample of employees of a social service organization in San Bernardino County. Participants include employees from all levels and program areas of the social service organization. Study data was collected through the use of a self-report questionnaire. Measures were used to explore commitment to the organization, diversity perception, job satisfaction, turnover intention and burnout, the dependent variables. Using SPSS software to analyze data, descriptive statistics, correlation, and Mann-Whitney U analysis were conducted. More than half of the survey participants, as presented in Table 1 (see Appendix D), identified as women (n=35, 85.4%) and five (12.2%) accounted for the participants that identified as men. Results showed that Inclusion was significantly related to all job related attitudes except burnout, gender and race. Results were consistent with the literature in that inclusion is related to positive work-related attitudes, but inconsistent in regards to its relation with gender and race.

In this paper, we will review two fundamental counting methods: inclusionexclusion and pigeonhole principles. The inclusion-exclusion principle considers the elements of the sets satisfied some conditions, and avoids repeat counting by disjoint sets. We also use the inclusion-exclusion principle to solve the problems of Euler phi function and the number of onto functions in number theory, and derangement and the number of nonnegative integer solutions of equations in combinatorics. We derive the closed-form formula to those problems. For the forbidden positions problems, we use the rook polynomials to simplify the counting process. We also show the form of the inclusion-exclusion principle in probability, and use it to solve some probability problems. The pigeonhole principle is an easy concept. We can establish some sets and use the pigeonhole principle to discuss the extreme value about the number of elements. Choose the pigeons and pigeonholes, properly, and solve problems by the concept of the pigeonhole principle. We also introduce the Ramsey theorem which is an important application of the pigeonhole principle. This theorem provides a method to solve problems by complete graph. Finally, we give some contest problems about the inclusion-exclusion and pigeonhole principles to show how those principles are used.

Les Acadiens du Nouveau-Brunswick ont un parcours identitaire collectif riche en rebondissements qui les a menés vers une identité singulière solide. Ils se trouvent désormais confrontés au contexte d’une nouvelle réalité qui est la mondialisation. Depuis les dernières décennies, les changements occasionnés par la mondialisation se répercutent dans la conception même que l’on se fait du parler acadien et des pratiques culturelles acadiennes. Le chiac par exemple, auparavant stigmatisé et dévalorisé, devient maintenant porteur de valeurs identitaires modernes rattachées au mélange des cultures et à l’ouverture à l’autre. Toutefois, les contours de l’identité acadienne demeurent flous et sujets aux débats épistémologiques. La situation particulière d’un groupe qui n’a plus de territoire officiellement reconnu a une forte incidence sur les critères d’appartenance que les acteurs peuvent mobiliser pour se définir. Comment expliquer les processus d’identifications et les stratégies identitaires qui définissent l’appartenance au groupe chez les Acadiens? Partagent-ils les mêmes processus identitaires présents dans la littérature sur le sujet? Une connaissance plus approfondie des processus généraux peut-elle aider à mieux saisir et expliquer la complexité d’un groupe sensiblement diasporique dont l’identité et ses contours sont incertains? L’anthropologie en milieu acadien est presque inexistante. D’autre part, l’identité culturelle est un sujet ayant été longuement étudié et débattu, mais qui demande toujours plus de précision. Cette recherche a permis de mieux cerner de quelle façon la représentation de l’acadianité évolue en milieu minoritaire. / Acadians in New Brunswick have a solid sense of collective identity that it the result of a long and eventful process. They are now faced with the a new reality that is the context shaped by globalization. In recent decades, the changes caused by globalization are reflected in the way that Acadie and Acadian cultural practices are framed discursively. Chiac, for example, was previously stigmatized and devalued, but now becomes the bearer of modern identity values attached to the mixing of cultures and openness to others. Yet the contours of Acadian identity remain unclear and are subject to epistemological debates. The particular situation of this group that has no officially recognized territory has a significant impact on what membership criteria actors can mobilize to define their group. How can we explain the process of identification and identity strategies that define group membership among the Acadians? Do they share the same identity processes that are mentioned in the literature on the subject? Could a deeper understanding of general processes help to better understand and explain the complexity of a group whose indentity is marked by the diasporic experience and whose contours are uncertain? Anthropology is almost nonexistent in the Acadian community. At the same time, cultural identity is a topic that has been extensively studied and debated, but that needs more precise definition. This research is aimed at contributing to a better understanding of how of the representation of minority Acadian identity has evolved.

This thesis seeks to trace the process of Germany&rsquo / becoming a multicultural society through the politico-historical analysis of the matter of immigration to Germany. The working assumption while projecting this study is as follows / there is a close relation between the policies and implementations of Germany in practice and becoming a multicultural society during the process in question. Germany became a multinational society with its composition of different ethnic, religious and cultural groups / but it is clearly seen that Germany is not moving toward becoming a multicultural society, at least in the near future, considering its policies and implementations in practice. At the same time, considering the main arguments and effects of these new immigration and citizenship laws concerning immigrants will provide an essential ground for recognizing whether Germany is a multicultural society or not.

Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-57).