Under the background of worldwide transition towards sustainability, Chinese government has begun to advocate nationwide sustainable-industrialization through initiating Eco-industrial Parks (EIPs) since last decade. While EIP projects are widely carried out by both central and local governments, the standards for EIP planning and management promulgated in China are considered to be inefficient and incomprehensive in this study. Due to the challenge of economy-environment conflict China confronts and the consequent narrow definition of China's EIPs which focuses mainly on environmental performance, a main limitation of the standards is the unbalanced considerations between the three basic foundations of sustainable development (SD) concept - economic growth, social development, and environmental protection and restoration. By reviewing several leading assessment tools being used internationally, as well as analyzing the specific issues existing during industrial development in China, this research intends to develop a synthetic and advanced indicator system, to evaluate China’s EIP performance. This system comprises 34 indicators that integrate four broad aspects of 'economic development', 'social development', 'environmental management', and 'administration'. For each indicator, detailed measurement and criterion are proposed for evaluation and implementation. Additionally, a case study of Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), a certificated EIP, is conducted to illustrate the application of this assessment system. The proposed indicator system is supposed to fill in the gap in EIP performance evaluation in China, from a view of the internationally perceived understandings of EIP and SD concepts. Although future studies are still needed to test and improve its feasibility and accuracy in terms of both indicator selection and criteria setting, this system provides a generic framework for EIP assessment work in China and is expected to drive China's EIP movement towards a more sustainable approach.

Under the background of worldwide transition towards sustainability, Chinese government has begun to advocate nationwide sustainable-industrialization through initiating Eco-industrial Parks (EIPs) since last decade. While EIP projects are widely carried out by both central and local governments, the standards for EIP planning and management promulgated in China are considered to be inefficient and incomprehensive in this study. Due to the challenge of economy-environment conflict China confronts and the consequent narrow definition of China's EIPs which focuses mainly on environmental performance, a main limitation of the standards is the unbalanced considerations between the three basic foundations of sustainable development (SD) concept - economic growth, social development, and environmental protection and restoration. By reviewing several leading assessment tools being used internationally, as well as analyzing the specific issues existing during industrial development in China, this research intends to develop a synthetic and advanced indicator system, to evaluate China’s EIP performance. This system comprises 34 indicators that integrate four broad aspects of 'economic development', 'social development', 'environmental management', and 'administration'. For each indicator, detailed measurement and criterion are proposed for evaluation and implementation. Additionally, a case study of Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), a certificated EIP, is conducted to illustrate the application of this assessment system. The proposed indicator system is supposed to fill in the gap in EIP performance evaluation in China, from a view of the internationally perceived understandings of EIP and SD concepts. Although future studies are still needed to test and improve its feasibility and accuracy in terms of both indicator selection and criteria setting, this system provides a generic framework for EIP assessment work in China and is expected to drive China's EIP movement towards a more sustainable approach.

Nowadays, large quantities of waste mobile phones are generated each year due to the large consumption and fast updating speed of this electronic product. This has become a rapidly growing pollution problem as mobile phones contain many harmful substances and these substances will be released to the environment if waste mobile phones are treated improperly. Therefore, it is necessary to develop risk assessment methods to determine the contamination degree of this waste to the environment and then take effective measures to reduce the pollution. Considering the complexity of risk assessment procedure, an indicator system for waste mobile phones is here established instead, consisting of totally 30 indicators. The system is developed as a hierarchy structure and has four layers including object layer, factor layer, indicator layer and sub-indicator layer.

The principal objective of this study was to develop an economic indicator system for the hotel industry in order to project the industry's growth and turning points. This study developed for the U.S. hotel industry a business cycle that would cover hotel activity as broadly as possible and one that would represent the magnitude of growth of the industry. This study also identified and selected seventy economic indicators for the hotel industry by reviewing literature and testing the characteristics of each time series which are available in public. By classifying the indicators into leading, coincident, and lagging indicators, this study formed composite indices for the groups of indicators and defined the relationships in terms of time lags between the hotel industry growth cycle and the series of composite indices. For a twenty-eight year period ( 1966-1993 ), the hotel industry experienced three cycles (peak to peak or trough to trough). The hotel industry peaked in 1967, 1973, 1980, and 1989. The industry troughed in 1969, 1974, 1982, and 1991. The mean duration of the hotel industry cycles is 7.3 years, calculated either by peak to peak or trough to trough. An interesting finding is that the hotel industry declines sharply once it reached the peaks. In general, the mean duration for the contraction is about two years. The hotel industry growth cycle representing the rate of growth changes was also identified by standardizing the changes, and by measuring and dating the cycles. The results showed that the hotel industry experienced high growth (a boom) every four or five years. The average expansion (L-H) period is about three years and the average contraction (H-L) period is about two years. The performances of the composite indices for the leading, coincident, and lagging indicators were measured based on their timing differences of turning points compared with those of the industry cycles. The usefulness and effectiveness of the indicator system composed of composite indices of leading, coincident, and lagging indicators were empirically supported in this study. The results of this study imply the indicator system can be used as a forecasting tool for the hotel industry. / Master of Science

The main goal of the thesis is to develop a monitoring instrument for climate policy that is based on the Kyoto Protocol and the IPCC guidelines. The instrument developed is based on a "Full Carbon Accounting" approach which takes into account the carbon flows of the biosphere as well as those related to society's metabolism. Conceptually the analysis is based on the epistemological concept of society nature interaction comprising society's metabolism and colonisation of nature as main starting points. This leads to the empirical concept of material flow analysis. The thesis quantifies the carbon flows and the related uncertainties of the Austrian economy for 1990 for selected areas in a consistent way. The thesis also tries to build up a framework for system of indicators that would allow evaluating climate policy. (author´s abstract)

With rapid urban development in China, many cities are still concerned about the quantity of the economy growth while ignoring the quality of the growth; ecological systems face a challenging situation. How to evaluate and guide a sustainable devel-opment is a vitally important question to the government of China. The study was partly performed in cooperation with the Institute of Building Research (IBR), who was entrusted by Changsha government of the Hunan Province. To evaluate the sus-tainability of urban development, a comprehensive indicator system was developed and applied, which was consistent to the policy of the so called "Two oriented socie-ty", which means Resource conservation and Environment friendly society. This pa-per shows a logic methodology to develop an indicator system – through the re-search, from literature review to modern concept; it shows clearly the factors that are important to build a sustainable city. The indicator system was derived and compared with other existing systems. The comparison showed that the indicator system we developed for the city is operational and integrated with a consistent hierarchy. Thereafter, the established indicator sys-tem was evaluated using an Analytical Hierarchy Process methodology. Indictors of ecological aspects were evaluated using the data collected, including the Changsha green field map, wetland map and ecological control maps. The indicator system was applied and the result was used as decision support in urban planning for 2020. How-ever, a main limitation lied in data collection: since the data we collected was not completely the data we expected. Besides, the indicator system was developed on the base of the policy called the "Two oriented society",which has its preference and limi-tation itself. Still, in sum, the indicator system we built through the research provided a satisfactory framework to the government to guide the development of the society in a macro scale. It needs future involvement to improve the data collection and standardization.

Цель работы состоится в том, что оценить текущее состояние развития зеленой экономики Китая и дать соответствующие рекомендации. В исследовании собраны сведения об истоках и развитии концепции «зеленой экономики», раскрыта сущность понятия «зеленой экономики»; построена система оценочных показателей для развития «зеленой экономики» с использованием научных и объективных методов оценки; проведена оценка уровня развития зеленой экономики в КНР. На основе рассчитанных результатов оценки даны соответствующие рекомендации по политике для каждого региона Китая в целях дальнейшего развития зеленой экономики. / The purpose of this paper is to assess the current status of China's green economy development and make appropriate recommendations. In the work, we have collected information on the origin and development of green economy concept, revealed the essence of green economy concept; constructed a system of evaluation indicators for green economy development, using scientific and objective evaluation methods, collected data and information according to the system of evaluation indicators and estimated the development level of green economy; and based on the calculated evaluation results, gave relevant policy recommendations for each region of China, in order to further develop the green economy.

Submitted by Herson Mutterle dos Santos (herson@mutterle.com.br) on 2017-09-07T14:35:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Herson Mutterle - Dissertação (Proposta de um sistema de indicadores de desempenho de vendas na indústria de sementes de soja).pdf: 4638844 bytes, checksum: 192db083fb18db139025f54aff246894 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br) on 2017-09-11T15:45:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Herson Mutterle - Dissertação (Proposta de um sistema de indicadores de desempenho de vendas na indústria de sementes de soja).pdf: 4638844 bytes, checksum: 192db083fb18db139025f54aff246894 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-11T16:01:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Herson Mutterle - Dissertação (Proposta de um sistema de indicadores de desempenho de vendas na indústria de sementes de soja).pdf: 4638844 bytes, checksum: 192db083fb18db139025f54aff246894 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-11 / A medição das variáveis que permeiam o ambiente de negócios é tema relevante no âmbito da administração de empresas contemporâneas. Essas medições são estruturadas por meio de Sistemas de Indicadores de Desempenho (SID), concebidos como instrumentos para subsidiar o processo decisório. Entretanto estudos evidenciam que diversas empresas não se utilizam de tal ferramenta em seu cotidiano. Realidade também das empresas que atuam nas cadeias de agronegócio dentre as quais se inserem as empresas produtoras de sementes de soja. Nesse sentido, esta dissertação teve como objetivo estruturar um SID cuja finalidade fosse instrumentalizar o processo decisório da força de vendas (SIDV) de empresas desse setor. Para isso, realizou-se uma revisão da literatura que permitiu identificar alguns modelos de SID amplamente utilizados que serviram de influência para o modelo aqui proposto. Esse se compõe de quatro fases e cada fase é subdividida em etapas que devem ser executadas sequencialmente para que se atinja o resultado planejado. A primeira fase consiste na análise da estratégia organizacional, onde são avaliadas as relações entre a missão da empresa, seus objetivos estratégicos e suas metas de negócio. Essa atividade permite identificar quais as metas relacionadas à área de vendas são prioridade e, portanto, devem ser desdobradas em nível de processo, possibilitando alinhamento entre o SIDV e o plano estratégico da organização. A segunda fase consiste na análise do processo do departamento de vendas. Esse é mapeado por meio da construção de um fluxograma que permita identificar as estruturas de decisão que o compõe e avaliar a sua capacidade de atender o plano estratégico da organização. A terceira fase compreende a estruturação do SIDV, onde são identificados e validados os indicadores que permitem, diante da estrutura de decisão avaliada, instrumentalizar o processo decisório. Esses são caracterizados e classificados de acordo com sua relevância. Posteriormente são estruturados por meio de uma interface que permita sua consulta pelos seus usuários. Na quarta fase, são realizados os testes para identificar possíveis falhas em sua concepção. Também são estabelecidos fluxos de retroalimentação para permitir a melhoria continua do SIDV. Essa fase se encerra com o lançamento oficial da ferramenta pela liderança da área. O modelo foi testado em uma empresa de atuação relevante no setor. Apesar de moderada resistência percebida na fase inicial, o principal desafio identificado se centrou no alinhamento entre as agendas dos membros do time de implementação. Isso exigiu um período importante para sua concepção e adequação às necessidades do negócio. Entretanto, não impediu concluir com eficácia os objetivos propostos por este trabalho. / The measurement of the variables that permeate the business environment is a relevant topic in the scope of the management of contemporary companies. These measurements are structured through Performance Indicator Systems (SIDs), designed as instruments to support the decision-making process. However, studies show that several companies do not use such a tool in their daily lives. Reality also of the companies that work in the chains of agribusiness, among which are included the companies producing soybean seeds. In this sense, this dissertation aimed at structuring a SID whose purpose was to instrumentalize the decision-making process of the sales force (SIDV) of companies in this sector. For this, a review of the literature was made that allowed to identify some widely used SID models that served as influence for the model proposed here. It consists of four phases and each phase is subdivided into steps that must be performed sequentially in order to achieve the planned result. The first phase consists of the analysis of the organizational strategy, where the relations between the company's mission, its strategic objectives and its business goals are evaluated. This activity allows to identify which goals related to the sales area are priority and, therefore, must be deployed at the process level, allowing alignment between the SIDV and the organization's strategic plan. The second phase consists of the analysis of the sales department process. This is mapped through the construction of a flowchart that allows identifying the decision structures that compose it and evaluating its ability to meet the strategic plan of the organization. The third phase comprises the structuring of the SIDV, in which the indicators are identified and validated, which allow, in view of the decision structure evaluated, to instrumentalize the decision-making process. These are characterized and classified according to their relevance. Subsequently, they are structured through an interface that allows their users to consult it. In the fourth phase, the tests are performed to identify possible flaws in their design. Feedback flows are also established to allow continuous improvement of SIDV. This phase closes with its official launch of the tool by the leadership of the area. The model was tested in a company of relevant performance in the sector. Despite moderate perceived resistance in the initial phase, the main challenge identified focused on the alignment between the agendas of the implementation team members. This required an important period for its design and suitability to the needs of the business. However, it did not prevent the successful conclusion of the objectives proposed by this study.

En France, les phénomènes de périurbanisation imposent une réflexion sur les conditions d’un développement urbain durable. En zone languedocienne, dans un contexte de forte attractivité démographique, l'urbanisation rapide et mal maîtrisée se fait aux dépens des terres agricoles les plus productives de la région, sur la plaine littorale. L’évolution des demandes sociales et les enjeux autour de la sécurité alimentaire mondiale interrogent sur la façon dont les politiques de planification périurbaine intègrent le foncier agricole. Pour objectiver les débats et appuyer les décisions, les instances agricoles expriment des besoins urgents en indicateurs spatialisés. L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une démarche de co-construction d’un système d’indicateurs pour suivre les processus d’artificialisation des terres. Modélisation systémique et concertation itérative ont été retenues comme les approches adaptées pour guider le processus de constitution et de sélection des indicateurs. Cette recherche revisite le modèle DPSIR en l’adaptant au concept de système territorial et propose d’organiser la participation des acteurs pour garantir une légitimité d'utilisation des indicateurs. L’application de la méthode, inscrite dans des impératifs d’opérationnalité, porte sur la production et la mise à disposition en ligne d’un ensemble organisé de 141 indicateurs spatialisés liant l’évolution du capital foncier à celle de la tache artificialisée languedocienne. / In France, suburbanization phenomena impose to think the conditions for sustainable urban development. In the Languedoc region, in a context of a strong demographic attractiveness, fast and uncontrolled urbanization happens at the expense of the most productive farmland in the region, on the coastal plain. The evolution of social demands, as well as issues around food security on a world scale, raise the question how suburban planning policies deal with the agricultural land issue. In order to objectify discussions and support the decisions, the agricultural authorities have expressed an urgent need for spatial indicators. The objective of this thesis is to propose an approach to co-build a system of indicators so as to monitor the land urbanization process. Systems modeling and iterative consultation were chosen as the appropriate approaches to lead the making up process and the selection of indicators. This research revisits the DPSIR model by adapting it to the concept of territorial system and proposes to organize the participation of stakeholders to ensure legitimacy for the use of indicators. The method application, part of the operational requirements, covers the production and availability online of a structured set of 141 spatial indicators linking the evolution of land assets and the one of the languedocian “artificialized patch”.

The environmental impacts of the construction industry, and the built environment, as the end product of construction activity, are massive due to the extensive use of energy and resources. Sustainability and circular economy are recognized as the main solution to the existing environmental impacts of this industry and the main approach to the sustainable development of it. The transition of a construction project’s life cycle from a linear one starting with material processing and ending up at demolition stage to a real cyclic life cycle needs defining alternative end-of-life scenarios. Deconstruction as one of the alternative end-of-life scenarios is defined as salvaging material of a dismantled structure for reuse or recycling. Design for deconstruction refers to the importance of considering deconstruction as the end-of-life scenario in the design stage of structures. This thesis aims to define the existing challenges and opportunities in the deconstruction of timber structures by the study of cases in which dis- and re-assembly are done. The study also aims to measure deconstructability by developing an indicator system for design for deconstruction of volumetric timber structures based on design for disassembly principles existing in ISO 20887:2020 and the practical principles of the case studies. This is done by interviewing people at five different companies who were engaged in the dis- and re-assembly of structures. The study of these cases shows the gap between disassembly principles and real-world experience from a learn-from-practice point of view. The developed tool as the indicator system is consisted of 25 indicators under seven principles and is able to measure and provide a deconstructability grade of structures out of 100 for each principle and a total deconstructability grade based on all principles. / Measurable Reusability for Wooden Houses (Mätbar Återbrukbarhet för Trähus)