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A presente pesquisa buscou identificar estratégias de aprendizado utilizadas por flautistas, alunos do curso de graduação em música da UFRGS, no preparo de um excerto orquestral. O referencial teórico foi um estudo de caso realizado por Nielsen (1999) intitulado “Learning strategies in instrumental music practice” no qual a autora se propõe a identificar a utilização de estratégias de aprendizado por dois estudantes de órgão no preparo de uma obra musical. O presente trabalho buscou identificar e classificar possíveis estratégias utilizadas pelos flautistas em seu estudo individual bem como fazer uma reflexão envolvendo o esquema proposto por Nielsen (1999) e suas relações com as estratégias utilizadas pelos flautistas. Os participantes foram sete alunos-flautistas da graduação da UFRGS, e o excerto trabalhado foram os quatro primeiros compassos da obra “Prélude à l’après midi d’un faune”, do compositor Claude-Achille Debussy. A metodologia utilizada se constituiu na coleta de relatos verbais, na observação do comportamento e em entrevista semi-estruturada dos participantes, todos com registro em vídeo. A análise dos dados foi feita qualitativamente, tendo-se chegado à conclusão de que os flautistas utilizam estratégias de aprendizado, aplicam-nas de maneira coerente à resolução pretendida dos problemas, ao passo que essas se diferem daquelas identificadas em pesquisas com pianistas e organistas. / This research aimed to identify learning strategies utilized by flute graduate students in the preparation of an orchestral excerpt to be played in a final exam. The theoretical framework was constituted by Nielsen’s case study ‘Learning strategies in instrumental music practice’ (1999), in wich the author aimed to identify learning strategies used by two organ students in their preparation of a piece to be performed. More specifically, this work aimed to identify possible strategies as these were used by the students in their individual practice, classify these strategies into categories as well as provide a reflexion on the correspondence of the strategies identified with those proposed by Nielsen (1999) in her research. Seven flute graduate students at The Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, at Porto Alegre, Brazil, were videotaped as they worked through the first four bars of Debussy’s “Prélude à l’après midi d’un faune”, providing verbal reports throughout their practice, wich constituted data for this research, along with their observed behavior as well as a semi-structured interview that took place at the end of data collecting period. Data was analysed qualitatively. The analysis showed the use of learning strategies by the students, as well as a rather coherent aplication of them as these were utlilized in the solving of problems. Meanwhile, the strategies used by the flutists differed of those used by pianists and organists.

A presente pesquisa buscou identificar estratégias de aprendizado utilizadas por flautistas, alunos do curso de graduação em música da UFRGS, no preparo de um excerto orquestral. O referencial teórico foi um estudo de caso realizado por Nielsen (1999) intitulado “Learning strategies in instrumental music practice” no qual a autora se propõe a identificar a utilização de estratégias de aprendizado por dois estudantes de órgão no preparo de uma obra musical. O presente trabalho buscou identificar e classificar possíveis estratégias utilizadas pelos flautistas em seu estudo individual bem como fazer uma reflexão envolvendo o esquema proposto por Nielsen (1999) e suas relações com as estratégias utilizadas pelos flautistas. Os participantes foram sete alunos-flautistas da graduação da UFRGS, e o excerto trabalhado foram os quatro primeiros compassos da obra “Prélude à l’après midi d’un faune”, do compositor Claude-Achille Debussy. A metodologia utilizada se constituiu na coleta de relatos verbais, na observação do comportamento e em entrevista semi-estruturada dos participantes, todos com registro em vídeo. A análise dos dados foi feita qualitativamente, tendo-se chegado à conclusão de que os flautistas utilizam estratégias de aprendizado, aplicam-nas de maneira coerente à resolução pretendida dos problemas, ao passo que essas se diferem daquelas identificadas em pesquisas com pianistas e organistas. / This research aimed to identify learning strategies utilized by flute graduate students in the preparation of an orchestral excerpt to be played in a final exam. The theoretical framework was constituted by Nielsen’s case study ‘Learning strategies in instrumental music practice’ (1999), in wich the author aimed to identify learning strategies used by two organ students in their preparation of a piece to be performed. More specifically, this work aimed to identify possible strategies as these were used by the students in their individual practice, classify these strategies into categories as well as provide a reflexion on the correspondence of the strategies identified with those proposed by Nielsen (1999) in her research. Seven flute graduate students at The Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, at Porto Alegre, Brazil, were videotaped as they worked through the first four bars of Debussy’s “Prélude à l’après midi d’un faune”, providing verbal reports throughout their practice, wich constituted data for this research, along with their observed behavior as well as a semi-structured interview that took place at the end of data collecting period. Data was analysed qualitatively. The analysis showed the use of learning strategies by the students, as well as a rather coherent aplication of them as these were utlilized in the solving of problems. Meanwhile, the strategies used by the flutists differed of those used by pianists and organists.

A presente pesquisa buscou identificar estratégias de aprendizado utilizadas por flautistas, alunos do curso de graduação em música da UFRGS, no preparo de um excerto orquestral. O referencial teórico foi um estudo de caso realizado por Nielsen (1999) intitulado “Learning strategies in instrumental music practice” no qual a autora se propõe a identificar a utilização de estratégias de aprendizado por dois estudantes de órgão no preparo de uma obra musical. O presente trabalho buscou identificar e classificar possíveis estratégias utilizadas pelos flautistas em seu estudo individual bem como fazer uma reflexão envolvendo o esquema proposto por Nielsen (1999) e suas relações com as estratégias utilizadas pelos flautistas. Os participantes foram sete alunos-flautistas da graduação da UFRGS, e o excerto trabalhado foram os quatro primeiros compassos da obra “Prélude à l’après midi d’un faune”, do compositor Claude-Achille Debussy. A metodologia utilizada se constituiu na coleta de relatos verbais, na observação do comportamento e em entrevista semi-estruturada dos participantes, todos com registro em vídeo. A análise dos dados foi feita qualitativamente, tendo-se chegado à conclusão de que os flautistas utilizam estratégias de aprendizado, aplicam-nas de maneira coerente à resolução pretendida dos problemas, ao passo que essas se diferem daquelas identificadas em pesquisas com pianistas e organistas. / This research aimed to identify learning strategies utilized by flute graduate students in the preparation of an orchestral excerpt to be played in a final exam. The theoretical framework was constituted by Nielsen’s case study ‘Learning strategies in instrumental music practice’ (1999), in wich the author aimed to identify learning strategies used by two organ students in their preparation of a piece to be performed. More specifically, this work aimed to identify possible strategies as these were used by the students in their individual practice, classify these strategies into categories as well as provide a reflexion on the correspondence of the strategies identified with those proposed by Nielsen (1999) in her research. Seven flute graduate students at The Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, at Porto Alegre, Brazil, were videotaped as they worked through the first four bars of Debussy’s “Prélude à l’après midi d’un faune”, providing verbal reports throughout their practice, wich constituted data for this research, along with their observed behavior as well as a semi-structured interview that took place at the end of data collecting period. Data was analysed qualitatively. The analysis showed the use of learning strategies by the students, as well as a rather coherent aplication of them as these were utlilized in the solving of problems. Meanwhile, the strategies used by the flutists differed of those used by pianists and organists.

Föreliggande uppsats är en fallstudie av tre gitarrstudenter på gymnasiets estetiska program. Uppsatsen handlar om elevernas utsagor av egen övning. Forskningsfrågorna ämnar ringa in hur eleverna lägger upp sin egen övning samt vilka element de anser är viktiga för att lyckas med sin övning. Studien utgår från kvalitativ metod där datainsamling skett genom kvalitativa intervjuer i halvstrukturerad form. Därefter har tematiskt analys skett ur ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv.  Resultatet i studien visar att eleverna använder sig av tydliga intentioner i relation till hur de lägger upp sin övning. Såväl likheter som skillnader uppdagades bland eleverna. Faktorer som strategier, struktur och tid visade sig vara viktiga. Vidare visar analysen att eleverna identifierar element som verktyg, motivation, utvärdering, lärarens roll och mål som viktiga för att lyckas med sin övning. Data från intervjuerna går i flera fall att knyta an till tidigare forskning.

I denna studie undersöks hur olika erbjudna redskap och metoder används i en students egen övning med syfte att undersöka hur de bidrar till möjligheten att agera som lärare till sig själv. Undersökningen dokumenterades i en loggbok som även hade funktionen som övningsjournal. I analysen av den insamlade dokumentationen användes en tematisk analysmetod. Undersökningen vilar på ett sociokulturellt perspektiv. Resultatet belyser hur redskap och metoder i form av muntliga och kroppsliga instruktioner samt klingande musik bidrar till och påverkar en students lärandeprocess samt hur de bidrar till möjligheten att agera lärare till sig själv. I diskussionen diskuteras resultatet i relation till bakgrundslitteraturen med fokus på resultatets slutsatser om reflektion och egen bedömning, identifiering och problemlösning samt kontroll och behärskning. Resultatet relateras även till begrepp som den proximala utvecklingszonen, scaffolding, appropriering och mediering. / This study examines how different tools and methods are used in a student’s own practice with the aim of examining how they contribute to the possibility of acting as a teacher for oneself. The study was documented in a journal that also functioned as a practice journal. The analysis of the collected documentation used a thematic analysis method. The survey is based on a sociocultural perspective. The result illustrates how tools and methods in the form of spoken and physical instructions as well as sounding music contribute to and affect a student´s learning process as well as how they contribute to the possibility of acting as a teacher for oneself. In the discussion, the results are discussed in relation to the background literature with a focus on the results´ conclusions about reflection and self-assessment, identification and problem solving as well as control and mastery. The result is also related to concepts such as the proximal development zone, scaffolding, appropriation and mediation.

Dark patterns have the ability to influence unconscious decision-making of users and manipulate them to make decisions that go against their own interests. While dark patterns have led to an increase in sales and optimization of advertisement within companies, the users are affected negatively since they don’t reach their goal with the interface interaction and may be forced to navigate in complicated interfaces or be lured into doing impulsive purchases. Despite numerous negative consequences for the users, dark patterns are frequently found in interfaces. This study investigates this problem by focusing on the UX designer’s role in this, and thereby aims to answer the following questions: What ethical responsibility does UX designers consider themselves to have, in terms of the use of dark patterns? How do UX designers experience that individual practice, organizational practice and applied ethics, according to the framework by Gray and Chivukula (2019), affect the use of dark patterns? The study also investigates if the framework completely covers the design complexity of UX designers in relation to dark patterns. These questions are answered by conducting five semi-structured interviews with professional UX designers. The results showed that organizational practice have the biggest influence on the use of dark patterns by UX designers. Individual practice may inhibit the use of dark patterns and applied ethics can affect the work style of UX designers. During the analysis of the research result, yet another factor was identified. This finding considered the structure of society as a factor greatly affecting a UX designer and also the use of dark patterns. This study therefore aims to further develop the framework by Gray and Chivukula and take the structure of society in to consideration. / Dark patterns har en förmåga att påverka användares undermedvetna beslutstaganden och manipulera användaren till att fatta beslut som går emot dennes egenintresse. Samtidigt som dark patterns har lett till ökad försäljning samt optimerade reklaminsatser hos företagen, drabbas användarna negativt då de inte uppnår målet med interaktionen och bland annat tvingas navigera i komplicerade gränssnitt eller lockas till impulsköp. Trots flertalet negativa konsekvenser för användarna är dark patterns vanligt förekommande. Den här studien undersöker denna problematik genom att fokusera på UX-designerns roll och därmed syftar studien till att besvara följande frågor. Vilket etiskt ansvar anser sig UX-designers ha kring användningen av dark patterns? Hur upplever UX-designers att individens praxis, organisationens praxis och tillämpad etik, enligt Gray och Chivukulas relationsmodell (2019), påverkar användningen av dark patterns? Studien undersöker även om relationsmodellen är heltäckande och fångar UX-designers designkomplexitet i förhållande till dark patterns. Studien besvarar dessa frågor genom fem semistrukturerade intervjuer med yrkesverksamma UX-designers. Resultatet visade att organisationens praxis (B) har störst påverkan på att UX-designers använder dark patterns. Individens praxis (A), kan istället hämma användningen av dark patterns medan inhämtad kunskap om etik (C) har påverkan på UX-designers arbetssätt. Under analysen identifierades ytterligare en huvudfaktor, samhällsstruktur, som också har stor påverkan på en UX-designer och därmed även på användningen av dark patterns. Studiens forskningsbidrag är därigenom en vidareutveckling av Gray och Chivukulas relationsmodell som tar samhällsstrukturerna i beaktande.