OBJECTIVE: Prior studies suggested rapid weight gain in infancy as a risk factor for the development of obesity. Our aim was to determine if early-childhood treatment for malnutrition is associated with the development of obesity in later-childhood. METHODS: This was a retrospective chart review of 194 children who had been treated and discharged from the Growth and Nutrition Program (GNP) from 1/1/2000 to 7/30/2014, with at least one height and weight recorded after discharge. Subjects predisposed to obesity due to medical conditions or medications were excluded. Obesity was defined using WHO and CDC growth charts, body mass index ≥95th percentile for age and sex, and compared to published prevalence rates. Potential predictors of obesity prevalence were also examined. RESULTS: None of the 194 subjects were obese at time of discharge from GNP. Over the 20-year follow-up period, 7% became obese (well below the national obesity prevalence of 18.5%1. 3 of 11 (27.3%) patients prescribed preterm infant formula became obese in contrast to 10 of 173 (5.8%) who were not prescribed (p=0.007). 6 of 27 (22.2%) subjects identified as African American became obese in contrast to 7 of 157 (4.5%) who did not identify (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: While overall prevalence of obesity was lower than that of the general population, children requiring preterm infant formula and/or identified as African American were more likely to develop obesity in childhood. Findings support the need for more anticipatory guidance regarding preterm infant formula and aggressive weight management and planning prior to GNP discharge. / 2022-06-07T00:00:00Z

No description available.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a viabilidade de Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 em fórmulas infantis fermentadas ou não, probióticas durante armazenamento a 4°C. Três matrizes lácteas e três não lácteas (a base de soja) foram utilizadas para a elaboração de produtos fermentados ou não fermentados usando Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019, resultando em doze diferentes fórmulas probióticas para lactentes. O perfil de acidificação foi determinado a 42°C até pH 4,7. Determinações físico-químicas (sólidos totais, proteína, gordura, cinzas, carboidratos, calorias, densidade e pH) foram realizadas e foram focadas as contagens de bactérias viáveis durante o armazenamento refrigerado. A caracterização química dos produtos lácteos e a não lácteos apresentou resultados diferentes, à exceção FSL2, todos estavam de acordo com Codex Alimentarius. O perfil de acidificação de Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 diferiu conforme a matriz. Durante o armazenamento dos produtos a 4°C, a contagem de bactérias viáveis de acordo com o preconizado, bem como a pós-acidificação, estando em conformidade com as recomendações da legislação brasileira. Processo (fermentação ou adição) e tipo de matriz (lácteos e não lácteos) influenciaram a pós-acidificação e a viabilidade de Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019. As fórmulas para lactentes podem ser considerados bons veículos de Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019. / This study proposed to study infant formulas as vehicles for Bifidobacterium animalis ssp.lactis HNOI9. Three dairy and three non-dairy matrices were employed for the preparation of fermented or unfermented products using Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis HN019 resulting in twelve different probiotic infant formulas. Acidification profile of the probiotic was determined at 42°C until pH 4.7. Physicochemical determination (total solids, protein, fat, ash, carbohydrates and calories, density and pH) was conducted, and counts viable bacteria (in dairy and non dairy infant formulas fermented and unfermented) during cold storage was focused on. The chemical characterization of the dairy and non-dairy matrix showed different results, the exception FSL2, all were in accordance to the Codex Alimentarius. The acidification profile of B. animalis ssp. lactis HN019 differed according to the matrix. During storage of products at 4°C counts of viable bacteria were stable as well as post-acidification, and were in accordance with the recommendations of the Brazilian legislation. Process (fermentation or addition) and matrix type (dairy and non-dairy) influenced post-acidification and viability of B. animalis ssp. lactis BN019 . Infant formulas could be considered good vehicles for Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis HN019.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a viabilidade de Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 em fórmulas infantis fermentadas ou não, probióticas durante armazenamento a 4°C. Três matrizes lácteas e três não lácteas (a base de soja) foram utilizadas para a elaboração de produtos fermentados ou não fermentados usando Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019, resultando em doze diferentes fórmulas probióticas para lactentes. O perfil de acidificação foi determinado a 42°C até pH 4,7. Determinações físico-químicas (sólidos totais, proteína, gordura, cinzas, carboidratos, calorias, densidade e pH) foram realizadas e foram focadas as contagens de bactérias viáveis durante o armazenamento refrigerado. A caracterização química dos produtos lácteos e a não lácteos apresentou resultados diferentes, à exceção FSL2, todos estavam de acordo com Codex Alimentarius. O perfil de acidificação de Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 diferiu conforme a matriz. Durante o armazenamento dos produtos a 4°C, a contagem de bactérias viáveis de acordo com o preconizado, bem como a pós-acidificação, estando em conformidade com as recomendações da legislação brasileira. Processo (fermentação ou adição) e tipo de matriz (lácteos e não lácteos) influenciaram a pós-acidificação e a viabilidade de Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019. As fórmulas para lactentes podem ser considerados bons veículos de Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019. / This study proposed to study infant formulas as vehicles for Bifidobacterium animalis ssp.lactis HNOI9. Three dairy and three non-dairy matrices were employed for the preparation of fermented or unfermented products using Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis HN019 resulting in twelve different probiotic infant formulas. Acidification profile of the probiotic was determined at 42°C until pH 4.7. Physicochemical determination (total solids, protein, fat, ash, carbohydrates and calories, density and pH) was conducted, and counts viable bacteria (in dairy and non dairy infant formulas fermented and unfermented) during cold storage was focused on. The chemical characterization of the dairy and non-dairy matrix showed different results, the exception FSL2, all were in accordance to the Codex Alimentarius. The acidification profile of B. animalis ssp. lactis HN019 differed according to the matrix. During storage of products at 4°C counts of viable bacteria were stable as well as post-acidification, and were in accordance with the recommendations of the Brazilian legislation. Process (fermentation or addition) and matrix type (dairy and non-dairy) influenced post-acidification and viability of B. animalis ssp. lactis BN019 . Infant formulas could be considered good vehicles for Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis HN019.

No description available.

Inledning: Bröstmjölk är den bästa näringskällan för spädbarn. Alla friska mödrar rekommenderas att exklusivt amma sina barn upp till sex månaders ålder samt därefter fortsätta amma och ge annat födotillägg upp till två års ålder eller längre. Flertalet faktorer kan dock påverka beslutet om att välja att amma eller inte. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersökta iranska invandrarkvinnors uppfattningar och bruk angående amning och bröstmjölksersättning. Metod: En kvalitativ studie med strategiskt urval genomfördes där tio iranska invandrarkvinnor intervjuades. Intervjuerna bestod av tolv frågor och spelades in och sedan transkriberades. Innehållsanalys användes. Resultat: Resultaten delades in i fem kategorier: ”Hälso- sjukvårdskontakt i Sverige och i Iran”, ”Typ av föda som givits barnet”, ”Information och råd angående amning och bröstmjölksersättning”, ”Faktorer som påverkar valet att amma” samt ”Slutgiltig uppfattning angående valet att amma”. Resultaten påvisade bl.a. att samtliga kvinnor hade ammat och introducerat bröstmjölksersättning samt att faktorer som påverkat valet att amma var positiva och negativa. Slutsats: Alla deltagarna i studien hade ammat eftersom de ansåg bröstmjölk var det bästa för barnet. Kvinnorna uppgav att de i efterhand är nöjda med beslutet som togs angående amning och kunde se det hela som en positiv erfarenhet. / Introduction: Breast-milk is the best source of nutrition for infants. Healthy mothers are recommended to exclusively breastfeed their children until they are six months old and then combine with solid food up to two years of age or longer. Many factors can affect the decision to breastfeed. Aim: The aim was to investigate about perception and practice concerning breastfeeding and infant formula among Iranian immigrant women. Method: A qualitative study with strategic selection. Ten Iranian immigrant women were interviewed. The interviews consisted of twelve questions that were recorded and transcribed. Content analysis was used. Result: The result was divided into five categories: “Health-care contact in Sweden and in Iran”, “Type of food given to the baby”, “Information and advice about breastfeeding and infant formula”, “Factors affecting the decision to breastfeed” and “Conclusive perception about breastfeeding”. The result showed for example that all of the women had breastfed and introduced infant formula, and factors that affected there decision to breastfeed was positive and negative. Conclusion: All women had breastfed. They thought that breast-milk is the best for their children and stated satisfaction with their decisions about breastfeeding. They could see it as a good experience.

Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka konsumentbeteendet för barnmat i Kina som i sintur ledde till identifierade faktorer som svenska företag bör ta hänsyn till när de funderar på enexpansion till Kina. På grund av säkerhetsbrister i barnmaten i Kina så finns det en ökadefterfrågan för utländsk barnmat som lett till potential för många företag. Därför har faktoreridentifierats som kan påverka hur en expansion ska gå tillväga för ett svenskt barnmatsföretagi Kina.Uppsatsen har utförts genom en mixad metodologi där en självadministrerande enkätgenomfördes i Kina riktad mot kinesiska konsumenter och en semistrukturerad intervjuutfördes med det svenska barnmatsföretaget Child Food Factory. Enkäten undersöktekonsumentbeteendet som finns för barnmat i Kina för att identifiera vilka attityder ochvärderingar som finns. Vidare undersöktes de köpvanor och behov som konsumenterna harför barnmat, samt åsikter kring utländsk barnmat och ekologiskt producerad barnmat. Densemistrukturerade intervjun undersökte det koncept som Child Food Factory har bakom sinbarnmatsprodukt och hur produkten kommer att tas emot av den kinesiska marknaden, dettadå Child Food Factory var i processen med att ta in sin barnmatsprodukt i Kina.De empiriska fynden analyserades och resultat innefattar identifierade egenskaper hos dekinesiska konsumenterna vad gäller konsumentbeteende och värderingar kring barnmat.Några av de egenskaper som identifierats är att de kinesiska konsumenterna påverkas främstav familj, vänner och släkt när det gäller inköp av barnmat och det vanligastetillvägagångssättet till inköp av barnmat är i mataffär. De ansåg också att säkerhet var detviktigaste attributet vad gäller barnmat.Vidare har också faktorer om den kinesiska marknaden för barnmat identifierats för svenskabarnmatsföretag att ta hänsyn till om de planerar en expansion till Kina. Några av de faktorersom identifierats är att ett barnmatsföretag måste ta hänsyn till sin marknadsföring så att denär anpassad till den kinesiska kulturen. Barnmatsföretagen måste också beakta det faktum attfamilj och säkerhet har stor påverkan. Vidare är en faktor också att kunna använda sig utavfördelen av att vara ett utländskt företag på ett styrkande sätt för expansionen till Kina. / The purpose of this research was to examine the consumer behavior for baby food in China,which in turn led to identifying factors, which Swedish baby food companies should considerwhen thinking about an expansion to China. Due to the lack of security for baby food inChina, there has been an increase of the demand for foreign baby food in China. This has ledto potential for many companies. Factors have therefore been identified which can affect theapproach for an expansion for a Swedish baby food company in China.The research was conducted through a mixed method methodology where a self-administeredquestionnaire was executed in China towards Chinese consumers and a semi-structuredinterview was executed with the Swedish baby food company Child Food Factory. Thequestionnaire examined the consumer behavior for baby food in China in order to identify theattitudes and values that exist. Furthermore, consumers' buying habits and needs for babyfood was examined, as well as opinions regarding foreign baby food and organically producedbaby food. The semi-structured interview examined the concept which Child Food Factoryhas for their product and how the product will be received by the Chinese market, this sinceChild Food Factory was in the process of bring their baby food product in to China.The empirical findings were analyzed and the results comprises of identified characteristics inthe Chinese consumers concerning consumer behavior and values for baby food. Some of thecharacteristics that were identified was that the Chinese consumers are affected mostly byfamily, friends and relatives when it comes to purchasing baby food and the most commonway to purchase baby food is in a supermarket. They also felt that safety was the mostimportant attribute for baby food.Furthermore, the factors regarding baby food in the Chinese market were identified forSwedish baby food companies to consider if planning an expansion to China. Some of thefactors that were identified was that baby food companies need to consider their marketing sothat it is adapted to the Chinese culture. The baby food companies also need to bear in mindthe fact that family and security have a big influence. Another factor is to be able to use theadvantage of being a foreign company in a strengthening way for the expansion to China.Please note that this research is written in Swedish.

Background Observational studies have shown that early nutrition influences short- and long-term health of infants. Formula-fed infants have higher protein and energy intakes and lower intakes of several biologically active components present in human milk. Some of these are present in the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of feeding term infants an experimental low energy low protein formula supplemented with bovine milk fat globule membranes. Our hypothesis was that infants fed experimental formula (EF), compared to infants fed standard formula (SF), would have outcomes more similar to a breast-fed reference (BFR) group. Methods In a double-blinded randomized controlled trial, 160 exclusively formula-fed, healthy, term infants were randomized to receive EF or SF from <2 to 6 months of age. A BFR group consisted of 80 breast-fed infants. Measurements were made at baseline, 4, 6 and 12 months of age. The EF had lower energy (60 vs. 66 kcal/100 mL) and protein (1.20 vs. 1.27 g/100 mL) concentrations, and was supplemented with a bovine MFGM concentrate. Results At 12 months of age, the EF group performed better than the SF group in the cognitive domain of Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 3rd Ed. During the intervention, the EF group had a lower incidence of acute otitis media than the SF group, less use of antipyretics and the EF and SF groups differed in concentrations of s-IgG against pneumococci. The formula-fed infants regulated their intakes by increasing meal volumes. Thus, there were no differences between the EF and SF groups in energy or protein intakes, blood urea nitrogen, insulin or growth including body fat percent until 12 months of age. Pressure-to-eat score at 12 months of age was reported lower by parents of formula-fed infants than by parents of breast-fed infants, indicating a low level of parental control of feeding in the formula-fed groups. Neither high pressure-to-eat score nor high restrictive score was associated with formula feeding. During the intervention, the EF group gradually reached higher serum cholesterol concentrations than the SF group, and closer to the BFR group. At 4 months of age, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of lactobacilli in saliva between the EF and SF groups. Conclusions Supplementation of infant formula with a bovine MFGM fraction enhanced both cognitive and immunological development in formula-fed infants. Further, the intervention narrowed the gap in serum cholesterol concentrations between formula-fed and breast-fed infants. The lower energy and protein concentrations of the EF were totally compensated for by a high level of self-regulation of intake which might, at least partly, be explained by a low level of parental control of feeding in the study population. The findings are of importance for further development of infant formulas and may contribute to improved short- and long-term health outcomes for formula-fed infants.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-10-31T12:09:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Juliana Carneiro de Souza - 2016.pdf: 2367691 bytes, checksum: 6ce0c60952965b5278ac890e5f16f9eb (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-10-31T12:11:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Juliana Carneiro de Souza - 2016.pdf: 2367691 bytes, checksum: 6ce0c60952965b5278ac890e5f16f9eb (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-31T12:11:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Juliana Carneiro de Souza - 2016.pdf: 2367691 bytes, checksum: 6ce0c60952965b5278ac890e5f16f9eb (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-11 / The human right to adequate food (DHAA) is enshrined in article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948. In Brazil, only in 2010, this right was inserted as a social right in the article 6 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic. The study discuss the guarantees of access to adequate food for infants and children with special dietary needs transitional or permanent, that due to metabolic changes, physiological or pathological conditions require exclusive diet. Among the changes, it is possible to cite illnesses affecting the gastrointestinal tract (vomiting, diarrhea), food hypersensitivities (allergies), malnutrition and inborn errors of metabolism. The lack or failure to provide special dietary formulas may damage the human growth and development and even consequence the death. Diarrhoea is a major cause of child mortality, killing more children than AIDS, malaria and measles combined. Considering the impact of child deaths from diarrhea in 2006, Brazilian managers of the Unified Health System (SUS) signed the Pact for Life, which aimed to reduce neonatal mortality by 5% and 50% infant deaths from diarrheal disease. The inductive qualitative method used to analyze the data collected in the Mortality Information System (SIM) - DATASUS demonstrated that there was a decrease in the deaths of infants and children up to 01 years of age in the Brazilian regions in the 2006-2013. / O Direito Humano à Alimentação Adequada (DHAA) está consagrado no Artigo 25 da Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos de 1948. No Brasil, somente em 2010, este direito foi inserido como direito social no dispositivo 6o da Constituição da República Federativa. O estudo busca debater as garantias do acesso à alimentação adequada de lactentes e crianças com necessidades alimentares especiais transitórias ou definitivas, que em função de alterações metabólicas, fisiológicas ou patologias necessitam de dieta alimentar exclusiva. Dentre as alterações, é possível citar doenças que hipersensibilidades afetam alimentares o trato gastrointestinal (alergias), desnutrição (vômitos, e erros diarreias), inatos do metabolismo. A falta ou falha no fornecimento de fórmulas dietéticas especiais pode prejudicar o crescimento e desenvolvimento humano e, até mesmo, levar o indivíduo a morte. A diarreia é uma das principais causas da mortalidade infantil, matando mais crianças do que a AIDS, a malária e o sarampo juntos 1 . Considerando o impacto das mortes infantis por diarreia, em 2006, os gestores brasileiros do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) firmaram o Pacto pela Vida, que tinha por objetivo reduzir a mortalidade neonatal em 5% e em 50% os óbitos infantis por doença diarréica. O método qualitativo indutivo utilizado para análise dos dados coletados no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) - DATASUS comprovou que houve um decréscimo nas mortes de lactentes e crianças até 01 ano de idade nas regiões brasileiras no período de 2006 a 2013.

Orientador: Jose Luiz Pereira, Valeria Chritina Amstalden Junqueira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T20:30:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_RosanaFranciscoSiqueirados_M.pdf: 1367464 bytes, checksum: 1f8a0a9b0f9ec558cd3f583d15def385 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Mestrado / Mestre em Ciência de Alimentos