The aim of this master thesis is to design and create the whiteboard application which allows to draw and share multimedia content in realtime using protocol XMPP between two users in the network environment. Application is a part of the open source IM client Kopete in KDE and operation system Linux.

Instant Messaging besitzt zweifelsohne eine sehr gro&szlig;e Zukunft. Es ist vergleichbar mit dem Short Message Service (SMS), der einen sehr gro&szlig;en Stellenwert im Mobilfunk hat. Neben der f&uuml;r SMS charakteristischen schnellen &Uuml;bermittlung von Textnachrichten bietet Instant Messaging weitere Vorteile: es ist f&uuml;r den Sender auf den ersten Blick ersichtlich, ob der Gespr&auml;chspartner f&uuml;r eine Kommunikation zur Verf&uuml;gung steht. Neben Textnachrichten k&ouml;nnen aber auch Informationen wie Bilder, Videos oder andere Formate &uuml;bermittelt werden. <br> <br> Auch f&uuml;r Organisationen ist ein Einsatz von Instant Messaging sehr interessant. Besonders in diesem Zusammenhang spielt die Sicherheit eine sehr wichtige Rolle. Daher besch&auml;ftigt sich diese Diplomarbeit vorrangig mit Instant Messaging-Systemen hinsichtlich der Prinzipien der Systemsicherheit wie Integrit&auml;t, Vertraulichkeit und Verf&uuml;gbarkeit. <br> <br> Ein weiterer Aspekt ist das Fehlen eines standardisierten Instant Messaging-Protokolls. Viele Anbieter von Instant Messaging-Systemen halten ihr System f&uuml;r das Beste und versuchen, soviele Kunden wie m&ouml;glich an sich zu binden. Daher befasst sich diese Diplomarbeit ebenfalls mit den verbreitetsten Instant Messaging-Systemen, um deren Vor- und Nachteile herauszukristallisieren. Im Weiteren wird die Funktionsweise der Protokolle erkl&auml;rt. <br> <br> Gerade im privaten Bereich spielen Konferenzsysteme (&quot;Chat&quot;) eine wichtige Rolle. Neben den Instant Messaging-Systemen wird auch diese M&ouml;glichkeit der Kommunikation beleuchtet. <br> <br> Diese Diplomarbeit wird vom Bundesamt f&uuml;r Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik (BSI), Referat &quot;IT-Sicherheitsmanagement und IT-Grundschutz&quot; betreut.

Gemeinsamer Workshop von Universitaetsrechenzentrum und Professur Rechnernetze und verteilte Systeme der Fakultaet fuer Informatik der TU Chemnitz. Jabber ist eine XML basierte Instant Messaging und Präsenz-Management Lösung. Dieser Vortrag beinhaltet einen Überblick über die grundlegenden Konzepte von Instant Messaging, die Betrachtung von Jabber, als IM-Alternative, die Dienste, die auf dem Jabber-Protokoll aufbauen und das Phänomen X-Internet, als Webdienstplattform.

Workshop "Netz- und Service-Infrastrukturen" In dem Vortrag wird der Instant-Messaging-Dienst Jabber eingeführt. Neben dem Vergleich mit anderen Diensten dieser Art werden im Besonderen das Adressierungsschema, der Ablauf einer Kommunikation und das Zusammenspiel mit anderen Diensten erläutert.

This thesis aims to find out how communication method a˙ects user experience in a formal communication with a stranger, such as a job application process. The communication methods investigated were instant messaging and email. To this end, two studies were performed. The first one based on a set of interviews with recruiters. The second one based on a questionnaire sent out to job candidates. Recruiters did not value communication method as important for the candidate to make a good first impression, but they were concerned with the need for rapid communication and needing to be constantly available when using informal communication methods. I found that candidates significantly preferred formal communication methods, results also showed that candidates felt less insecure when communicating using a formal method. Finally, we also found that younger users did not have a stronger preference for informal communication methods than older users, contrary to my expectations. / Målet med denna uppsats var att ta reda på hur kommunikationsmetod påverkar användarupplevelsen i en formell kommunikation med en främling, så som i en arbetsansökan. Kommunikationsmetoderna som undersöktes var e-post och chatt. För att ta reda på detta gjordes två studier. Den första bestod av intervjuer med rekryterare. Den andra bestod av ett frågeformulär som skickades ut till kandidater. Rekryterarna värderade inte kommunikationsmetoden i sig högt när det gällde vilket intryck de fick av en kandidat, men kommunikations-hastigheten var en viktig faktor i valet av metod. Speciellt så uppfattade de ett behov av att vara tillgänglig och kunna svara snabbt om en informell kommunikationsmetod användes, denna uppfattning delades av kandidaterna. Mina resultat visade att jobbkandidater hade en signifikant preferens för att använda formella kommunikationsmetoder, och visade sig känna sig mindre osäkra när de använde formella kommunikationsmetoder än när de använde informella metoder. Slutligen upptäckte jag att yngre användare inte visade sig föredra informella kommunikationsmetoder mer än äldre användare.

Studien undersöker Facebooks instant messaging-applikation Messenger med syfte att lokalisera de komponenter som skapar friktion i kommunikationsflödet mellan sändare och mottagare för att i sin tur undersöka hur dessa kan reduceras för att optimera gränssnittets samtliga funktionaliteter. Tidigare forskning visar att feedback-funktioner som berättar för användaren när meddelanden är lästa och när andra användare är aktiva skapar ett så kallat “social pressure” som gör att mottagaren känner sig pressad till att svara och sändaren är angelägen om att få svar. Tidigare forskning undersöker “lösningar” på detta problem med nya, relativt avancerade funktioner som en utveckling av de redan befintliga feedback-funktionerna. Dessutom visar tidigare studier på att UX-design och användarupplevelsen är viktig för att behålla användare. Vi vill därför med denna studie undersöka hur själva utformningen av applikationen kan minimera de problem som upplevs hos den nuvarande versionen av Messenger, vilket vi anser har saknats i tidigare studier om instant-messaging. Metoden bestod av en enkätundersökning och en fokusgrupp samtliga med regelbundna Messenger-användare. Efter att ha undersökt applikationens gränssnitt ur ett användarperspektiv kom vi fram till ett designförslag som vi lät deltagarna utvärdera under fokusgruppen, tillsammans med andra generella frågor och diskussioner om upplevelsen och applikationens utformning. Resultatet visar på ett antal pain points som identifierades hos användarna. Sedan skapades en low fidelity-prototyp som försöker minimera dessa pain points, bl.a. med en ny flik för ohanterade meddelanden. Prototypen utvärderades av ett antal deltagare där slutsatsen var att denna version var uppskattad. / This study looks into Facebook’s instant messaging-application Messenger with the aim to localize the components causing friction in the communication between sender and receiver, to furthermore investigate how these problems can be reduced and therefore optimize the communication-functionalities of the user interface. Previous studies have shown that the feedback-functions notifying the user when messages have been read and when other users are active create a so-called social pressure, causing the receiver to feel pressured into replying and the sender to feel anxious waiting for a reply. Previous studies examine “solutions” to this problem by introducing new and relatively advanced features as an expansion of the already existing feedback-functions. In addition, previous studies have shown that UX-design and user experience is important to keep users attracted to the application. Therefore, we want to examine how the UX-design of the application can minimize the problems identified by users of the existing version of Messenger, which we believe has been unaccounted for in previous studies regarding instant messaging. Our method consists of a small survey together with a focus group conducted with a small number of media technology-students who are regular users of the Messenger application. After looking at the UX-design of the interface we developed a design proposal which the participants were asked to evaluate during the focus group, together with other general questions and discussion topics about the user experience and the interface of the application. This resulted in three main pain points that were identified by the participants. After this, a low fidelity wireframe was created that aims to minimize these pain points. One of the changes is a new tab for unresolved conversations. The prototype was evaluated by a few participants with the conclusion that the new version was appreciated.

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This dissertation examines the predictability of user engagement on online social platforms by integrating theoretical perspectives from the literature on media and technology habits with principles of context-aware computing. It presents three studies, each targeting a different facet of technology-mediated communication, from social media use in general to more granular behaviors like active and passive use and instant messaging. The first chapter proposes a novel approach to the study of social media habits through predictive modeling of sequential smartphone user behaviors. Using longitudinal smartphone app log data, it examines the predictability of app engagement as a way to capture a critical yet previously neglected aspect of media and technology habits: their embeddedness in repetitive behavioral sequences. The study employs Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and transformer neural networks to demonstrate that social media use follows predictable patterns over time and that its predictability varies substantially across individuals. T he second chapter shifts focus to the potential of context-aware modeling as a holistic yet parsimonious and privacy-preserving approach to predicting user engagement on online social platforms. Analyzing over 100 million Snapchat sessions from nearly 80,000 users via deep LSTM neural networks, the study demonstrates the predictability of active and passive use based on past behavior and a notable improvement in predictive performance upon integrating momentary context information. Features related to connectivity status, location, temporal context, and weather were found to capture non-redundant variance in user engagement relative to features derived from histories of in-app behaviors. The findings are consistent with the idea of context-contingent, habit-driven patterns of active and passive use, highlighting the utility of contextualized representations of user behavior for predicting user engagement on online social platforms. The third chapter investigates the predictability of attentiveness and responsiveness in instant messaging on a large online social platform. Utilizing metadata from over 19 million messages, the study examines the predictive power of a wide range of predictor groups, including message attributes, user attributes, and momentary context, as well as historical communication patterns within ego networks and dyadic relationships. The findings echo the overarching theme that habitual behaviors and contextual factors shape user engagement. However, in this case, dyad-specific messaging histories account for the overwhelming share of explained variance, underlining the socially interdependent nature of user engagement in instant messaging. Collectively, the three studies presented in this dissertation make a theoretical contribution by establishing media and technology habits as a suitable framework for the study of user engagement and by introducing a novel perspective that emphasizes the repetitive, predictable, and context-dependent nature of media and technology habits. The research makes an important empirical contribution through the use of novel, large-scale, objective behavioral data, enhancing the ecological validity and real-world applicability of its findings. Methodologically, it pioneers the use of context-aware sequential machine learning techniques for the study of media and technology habits. The insights garnered from this research have the potential to inform the design of engaging and ethical online social platforms and mobile technologies, highlighting its practical implications for the billions of users navigating these digital environments on a daily basis.