Serious and violent juvenile offenders cause a disproportionate amount of harm to society, yet this population receives very little attention within the realm of empirical research. This research study examined the recidivism outcomes of 296 serious and violent offenders previously exposed to rehabilitative treatment in the Capital and Serious Violent Offender Program provided by the Texas Youth Commission. This group of juveniles was followed for three years following their release from institutionalization. This analysis revealed that 52% of those released were rearrested at least once during the follow-up period for any offense, while 48% of those released desisted from crime altogether. Of those 296 released, 34% were rearrested for at least one new felony offense. The analyses indicate that those involved in various forms of institutional misconduct during institutionalization were significantly more likely to recidivate. African-American race and institutional misconduct in the form of rule infractions emerged as the most consistent predictors of recidivism for this sample. This study concludes with a discussion of policy implications and risk assessment related to the decisions that are made to release this population of violent juvenile offenders.

The text covers a discussion of the most recent reform in the field of professional education in Brazil, ifetização. The creation of the Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia was the reorganization of federal integration CEFETs, Agrotécnicas, Escolas Técnicas and universities units linked to the same region, a process that resulted in the appearance of 38 institutes. We use some concepts of Institutional Analysis as a theoretical as well as a set of documents and literature, in order to develop a historical overview to compose our analyzes. The study aims to expose a reflective work about the institutionalization of the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia, observing the ifetização process in our state through the elaboration of the General Rules of the Instituto Federal de Sergipe, when it was in the process at the time of elaboration of this study. Themes were discussed teacher training, special programs, community participation, integration and autonomy. At the end, we concluded that despite being a model that proposes a break with past practices and reforms, many aspects and historical trends repeat themselves in the process of institutionalization of the Institute. / O texto aborda uma discussão sobre a mais recente reforma no campo da educação profissional no Brasil, a ifetização. A criação dos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia consistiu na reorganização da rede federal com a integração de CEFET, Agrotécnicas, Escolas Técnicas e Unidades vinculadas a Universidades de uma mesma região, processo que resultou no surgimento de 38 institutos. Utilizamos alguns conceitos da Análise Institucional como referencial teórico, como também um conjunto documental e bibliográfico, com o fim de desenvolver um panorama histórico para compor nossas análises. O estudo tem o objetivo de expor um trabalho reflexivo a respeito da institucionalização do Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia, observando o processo de ifetização no nosso Estado por meio da elaboração do Regimento Geral do Instituto Federal de Sergipe, momento em que se encontrava o processo na época da elaboração da pesquisa. Foram discutidos os temas formação docente, programas especiais, participação da comunidade, integração e autonomia. Ao final, concluímos que apesar de ser um modelo que propõe uma ruptura com as reformas e práticas anteriores, muitos aspectos e tendências históricas se repetem no processo de institucionalização do Instituto.

Esta tese examina a relação entre movimentos sociais e instituições políticas no contexto democrático posterior a 1990. Especificamente, analisa os efeitos da inserção dos movimentos sociais em instituições participativas de políticas públicas sobre os padrões da ação coletiva, no que concerne às dimensões organizacional, relacional e discursiva. O trabalho foi conduzido pelo método comparativo de estudo de casos, aplicado a quatro movimentos sociais localizados na região metropolitana do Espírito Santo, a saber: Federação das Associações de Moradores de Serra (Fams), Centro de Defesa dos Direitos Humanos de Serra (CDDH), Conselho Popular de Vitória (CPV) e Associação Capixaba de Proteção ao Meio Ambiente (Acapema). O desenho de pesquisa combinou instrumentos metodológicos qualitativos e quantitativos, como a pesquisa documental, entrevista em profundidade e survey de questionário semi-estruturado. Esta tese demonstra que os efeitos da inserção de movimentos sociais em instituições participativas não se restringem à dimensão organizacional, mas compreende igualmente os elementos relacionais e discursivos da ação coletiva. As mudanças nos padrões de ação coletiva caracterizam: (i) complexificação da estrutura organizacional, que combina especialização da estrutura funcional, formalização das estratégias de ação e participação dos militantes; (ii) ampliação das relações com órgãos governamentais e dos vínculos com movimentos e entidades civis; e (iii) padrões de interação cooperativo e contestatório na relação sociedade-Estado. / This thesis examines the relationship between social movements and political institutions in a democratic context after 1990. Specifically, it analyzes the effects of insertion of social movements in participatory institutions of public policies on the patterns of collective action regarding to organizational, relational and discursive structures. The work was conducted by the comparative method applied to four social movements located in Espírito Santo: Federation of Neighborhood Associations of Serra (Fams), Center for the Defense of Human Rights of Serra (CDDH), Popular Council of Vitória (CPV) and Association of Environmental Protection (Acapema). The research design combined quantitative and qualitative methodological, such as historical research, interviews and survey. This thesis demonstrates that the effects of engagement of social movements in participatory institutions are not restricted to the organizational structure, but also impact the relational and discursive elements. The changes in patterns of collective action featuring: (i) complexity of the organizational structure that combines functional specialization, formalization of action strategies, and participation of activists, (ii) expansion of relations with government agencies and movements and civil organizations, and (iii) cooperative and contestatory interactions in the relationship society-state.

Undocumented students in the United States continue to face unique barriers to postsecondary success. One way that community colleges and 4-year institutions are providing support for undocumented students is establishing undocumented student resource centers (USRCs). These emerging identity-based centers are dedicated spaces of support and provide customized, comprehensive resources for undocumented college students. A multipronged theoretical framework that included undocu-competence, the institutionalization process, and critical theory, was used as a lens to examine how USRC professionals and affiliates understand the development, role, and function of a USRC on a California community college campus. Qualitative single case study methods, including in-depth semistructured interviews, observations, and document analysis, were utilized to meet the purpose of the study. The findings revealed three primary themes. First, the institutionalization process of the USRC at the center of this study was complex, imperfect, and ongoing. Second, there are strengths and limitations respective to the USRC's capacity to operationalize support and safety. Finally, the compounded impact of the current socio-political moment cannot be evaded with respect to the USRC's function. Subsequently, three primary points of discussion are explored, including critiquing the process of USRC institutionalization, complicating the notion of safe spaces on campuses, and calling for inside-outside strategies of support in order to best serve undocumented students.

The thesis is rooted in the new regional geography paradigm that gained strength in geographical thought since the 1980s. This approach is characterized by emphasizing the socially constructed nature of regions; thus, regions are scrutinized as a historically contingent process. A region is formed, reproduced and eventually disappears in time. The thesis works with the assumption that a plurality of regions, that exists in changing time- space contexts of different mechanisms and meanings, can be experienced de facto in any particular area. In simpler terms, it can be understood as a plurality of regional images produced on the one side by regional actors to fulfil their particular goals and on the other regional images produced by inhabitants in and outside the region in order to understand the outside world and position themselves within it. Motivation for the production of images can vary, from a simple manifestation of one position in the regional system, through the attempt to attract attention towards the region to exploitation of the regional potential in order to fulfil particular power-oriented aims. The general idea of a region can be sought throughout the synthesis of the many regional images that can be understood as somewhat layers of a region. The thesis contributes to the discussion...

This clinical enquiry, based on clinical work undertaken during an internship, explores the role of music therapy in the nurturing of personhood of persons in a male psychogeriatric ward. The purpose of the enquiry is to draw insights into the role of music therapy in fostering personhood, not only in patients, but nursing staff members, who were included in the weekly music therapy group. The music therapy sessions included a variety of musical activities with many opportunities for performing. Over the course of thirteen sessions, clinical material was selected via purposive sampling, in the form of three video excerpts, and text lifted from observation notes. This material was analyzed using the research methods of coding, categorizing and identifying themes. The emerging themes are opportunities for growth of personal worth; experience of a changing group and self-identity; community: being in social relationship with others; and musical interplay: expression through music. It appears that music therapy indeed played a role in nurturing the personhood of group members, through the affordance of opportunities, and through enablement and empowerment of the individuals and the group. It would seem that including staff in the music therapy groups, developed not only their own personhood, but the personhood of the patient. This may have implications in music therapists’ view of the role of the nursing staff member within a music therapy group. Staff may be seen as, not only perfunctory helpers, but as a contributing, equal members of a music therapy group. / Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Music / UCTD / Unrestricted

Im Beitrag wird argumentiert, dass sich die Scientific Community reflexiv mit Wissenschafts- und Forschungsethik auseinandersetzen muss. Ergänzend zu institutionalisierten Regeln und Routinepraktiken der Fächer braucht es dafür eine frühestmögliche Aneignung des Themas durch Studierende im Sinne einer „Schlüsselkompetenz“. Jedoch ist für die Disziplinen insgesamt eine systematische Integration als Ausbildungsinhalt nicht erkennbar. Es wird beschrieben, vor welchen Herausforderungen der Einbezug des Gegenstands in der Hochschullehre steht. Dem werden Didaktikbausteine als Potenzial für die systematische Verankerung in Curricula gegenübergestellt. Abschließend werden förderliche Maßnahmen vorgeschlagen.

The overall goal with this master’s thesis is to describe the institutionalization process of the organizational field of Hydrogen Refuelling Stations (HRS) with green hydrogen produced via electrolysis for the heavy-duty truck sector in Sweden. Hydrogen mobility is a recent technology, which makes its organizational field formation and development processes interesting to examine. As society is becoming more concerned about sustainable transitions from fossil-based fuels to renewable carbon-free sources of fuels, it was deemed relevant to make a thesis regarding the topic. We recognized that there was a need to further investigate the institutional process of an organizational field that may not yet be established and working with recent technologies. By studying an organizational field in its early phases, one might be able to get a deeper understanding of the underlying processes behind the formation and development of an organizational field. As the purpose of this study was to get a deeper understanding of the institutionalization process of HRS infrastructure for fuel cell heavy duty trucks in Sweden, interviews with people from the organizational field were made.As little was known about the given organizational field, stakeholder theory was used toidentify the four stakeholder groups of Customers, Suppliers, Interest Groups and Governmentwere selected in order to understand the roles different stakeholders play in the formation and development processes of organizational fields. In addition, some external trigger events from institutionalization theory were added which were “technical discontinuities” and “shocks”that likely sparks change will be further explaining factors. Furthermore, the commitment-trust theory is utilized to understand activities in cross-organizational projects that build commitment and trust that in turn strengthens the legitimacy of the collaboration. By combining these additional theories with institutional theory, we expect to contribute to the understanding of field formation and development. An analysis was made, comparing our empirical findings with literature from the theoretical framework. From that it was possible to conclude that the selected organizational field is currently in the first stage of the new institutionalization process and hold a discussion of trigger events and the role the different stakeholder currently inhabits and if there is more to be done from each stakeholder in the future. We are also establishing which actions the stakeholders commonly take when it comes to build commitment and trust in cross organizational projects. Lastly, recommendations and practical/theoretical contributions are provided.

Introduction: In elderly seniors (>80 years), respiratory function may be compromised when, in addition to the presence of comorbidity and loss of mobility, there is also reduced respiratory muscle (RM) strength. The literature has shown that RM training could be an effective method to improve RM function and prevent clinical deterioration, particularly in population with RM weakness.The main purpose of this paper was to assess the effectiveness of RM training on the respiratory muscle strength and endurance of institutionalized elderly women with functional impairment. Method: Fifty-four residents (mean=85 years, SD=6.7) were randomly assigned to either a control (n=27) or training (n=27) group. A supervised training program was developed with Threshold®IMT, five times per week for 6-weeks. The main variables of the intervention were: maximum inspiratory pressure (PImax), maximum expiratory pressure (PEmax) and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), all of which were measured at weeks 0, 4, 7 and 10. Results: Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in PImax (F3,114=1.04, p=0.368, R2=0.027), PEmax (F3,114=1.86, p=0.14, R2=0.047) and MVV (F3,114=1.74, p=0.162, R2=0.044) between the two groups after the intervention. However, the workload significantly improved with the training sessions (F5,100=72.031, p<0.001, R2=0.791). Conclusion: In a 6-week interval-based training program, the threshold loading device does not significantly improve parameters related to RM strength and endurance of the study population.

Introduction: In elderly seniors (>80 years), respiratory function may be compromised when, in addition to the presence of comorbidity and loss of mobility, there is also reduced respiratory muscle (RM) strength. The literature has shown that RM training could be an effective method to improve RM function and prevent clinical deterioration, particularly in population with RM weakness.The main purpose of this paper was to assess the effectiveness of RM training on the respiratory muscle strength and endurance of institutionalized elderly women with functional impairment. Method: Fifty-four residents (mean=85 years, SD=6.7) were randomly assigned to either a control (n=27) or training (n=27) group. A supervised training program was developed with Threshold®IMT, five times per week for 6-weeks. The main variables of the intervention were: maximum inspiratory pressure (PImax), maximum expiratory pressure (PEmax) and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), all of which were measured at weeks 0, 4, 7 and 10. Results: Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in PImax (F3,114=1.04, p=0.368, R2=0.027), PEmax (F3,114=1.86, p=0.14, R2=0.047) and MVV (F3,114=1.74, p=0.162, R2=0.044) between the two groups after the intervention. However, the workload significantly improved with the training sessions (F5,100=72.031, p<0.001, R2=0.791). Conclusion: In a 6-week interval-based training program, the threshold loading device does not significantly improve parameters related to RM strength and endurance of the study population.