Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Robinson Henriques Alves.pdf: 746447 bytes, checksum: 10c58ac7d4f0f0bf68ceed4e7459e6a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of the present study is to analyze the establishment and operation of Legal Medicine chairs in Brazilian medical and law schools in the 19th century. The study focused on the logistics and political features underpinning that process, including the procedures for hiring professors and notions of the Legal Medicine that were taught. In addition, attention was also paid to the ties that bind Europe and Brazil as to the institutionalization of science, with particular emphasis on Portugal s apparent lack of interest in establishing higher education courses in its American colony, as well as on the influence exerted by Legal Medicine on Law. The basic assumption underlying the present study is that the institutionalization of a definite field of knowledge demands explicit recognition of the need of specific training, research practice, divulgation and application of the knowledge thus produced. The study is based on an exploratory and descriptive survey of the literature, which was analyzed according to the epistemological, historiographical and historical approach proper to History of Science. Results show that, by the end of the 19th century, Legal Medicine had established programs for training, research, divulgation and application of its specific knowledge, which allows to infer that it achieved institutionalization as an autonomous field of knowledge / O objetivo do presente estudo foi reunir elementos que permitissem compreender como se instalou e passou a funcionar a cadeira de Medicina Legal nas Faculdades de Medicina e de Direito no Brasil no século XIX, com particular atenção aos aspectos logísticos e políticos da criação das cadeiras, passando pela contratação de professores e pelas ideias acerca de Medicina Legal expostas nos cursos aqui alocados. Procurou se ainda compreender as relações entre a Europa e o Brasil na institucionalização da ciência, dado o notório desinteresse da metrópole portuguesa em criar cursos superiores no Brasil colonial, e a possível influência que a Medicina Legal exerceu sobre o Direito. Partiu-se do pressuposto de que a institucionalização de um ramo do conhecimento implica reconhecer seu ensino, pesquisa, divulgação e aplicação. Trata-se, pois, de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, de caráter exploratório e descritivo, mas com o viés próprio da História da Ciência, qual seja, analisar fatos e documentos sob a perspectiva epistemológica, historiográfica e histórica. O estudo encerra-se com a constatação de que a Medicina Legal, no final do século XIX, mantinha o seu ensino, pesquisa, divulgação e aplicação do conhecimento, do que derivou seu reconhecimento como área de estudo independente e sua consequente institucionalização

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Alice Goncalves.pdf: 873378 bytes, checksum: fb686021189241d838e45d375973b549 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The foundation of the Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia SBE (Brazilian Society of Entomology) was one the main consequences of the process of institutionalization of the Brazilian Entomology. This process is directly related to the advances in agricultural entomology in São Paulo since the beginning of the Comissão Debeladora da Broca do Café (Commission for the Defeat of Coffee Berry Borer) in 1924. The aim of this research is analyze the way in which the development of this science led to the establishment of the SBE and to the changes occurred in the institutions responsible for it from 1924 to 1939. The Secretary of Agriculture reports and the Bulletin of Agriculture are part of the public administration history and play a role as sources for the purposes of this research. In Brazil, the development of entomology has been initially associated with emergency conditions, and the publication activities of SBE have contributed to materialize a conservative scientific project / A fundação da Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia (SBE) foi um dos principais desdobramentos do processo de institucionalização da entomologia brasileira. Esse processo está relacionado diretamente ao avanço da entomologia agrícola paulista a partir do início dos trabalhos da Comissão Debeladora da Broca do Café, em 1924. O objetivo da pesquisa é analisar de que forma o desenvolvimento dessa ciência levou à criação da SBE e às mudanças nos institutos responsáveis por ela no estado de São Paulo entre 1924 e 1939. Os Relatórios da Secretaria de Agricultura e o Boletim da Agricultura fazem parte da história da administração pública e representaram uma fonte importante para o propósito da pesquisa. No Brasil, o desenvolvimento da entomologia esteve associado inicialmente a condições de emergência, e a atividade de divulgação da SBE contribuiu para materializar um projeto científico conservacionista

O trabalho que se segue buscará analisar o processo de institucionalização das ciências sociais brasileiras durante o período de 1964-1985. Entendendo essa fase como um momento de notável expansão desse campo de conhecimento no Brasil, a pesquisa analisará diferentes dimensões desse processo, atenta aos novos projetos acadêmicos empreendidos, às lideranças consolidadas, assim como aos debates de maior destaque promovidos durante o período. Analisando institutos de pesquisa, programas de pósgraduação, assim como a própria Universidade de São Paulo, a dissertação oferece um panorama dessa etapa do desenvolvimento das ciências sociais brasileiras. / The following research aims to analyze the process of institutionalization of the social sciences in Brazil during the period 1964-1985. Understanding this phase as a time of significant expansion of this field of knowledge in Brazil, the research will examine different dimensions of this process, attentive to new academic projects undertaken, consolidated leadership, as well as the most prominent debates promoted during the period. Analyzing research institutes, graduate programs, as well as his own University of São Paulo, the dissertation provides an overview of this stage of development of the Brazilian social sciences.

As mudanças na contabilidade aplicada ao setor público no Brasil, a partir da edição da Portaria n. 184, de 25 de agosto de 2008, têm ocupado grande espaço nas discussões, tanto no meio acadêmico quanto nas atividades dos órgãos e entidades responsáveis pela contabilidade. Tais mudanças, pela perspectiva das entidades a que se aplicam e observadas por meio dos pressupostos da teoria institucional e da teoria da dependência de recursos, podem ser abordadas como mudanças institucionais demandadas pelo ambiente externo organizacional. Oliver (1991) propõe um modelo com base em ambas as teorias supramencionadas para identificação da resposta estratégica de uma organização em decorrência das pressões ou regras institucionais que variam de conformidade à alta resistência, a saber: (i) aquiescer, (ii) negociar, (iii) esquivar, (iv) desafiar e (v) manipular. Nessa perspectiva, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo geral compreender as respostas estratégicas de estados brasileiros às mudanças institucionais baseadas na adoção das normas brasileiras de contabilidade oriundas do processo de convergência às International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS), sob a perspectiva da teoria institucional e da dependência de recursos. Utilizou-se a estratégia de pesquisa de estudo de casos múltiplos para identificar a resposta estratégica dos entes analisados em relação às mudanças institucionais, abordadas por meio dos 10 fatores preditivos de Oliver (1991) agrupados em cinco fatores institucionais, quais sejam: (i) causa: legitimação e eficiência; (ii) agente: multiplicidade e dependência; (iii) conteúdo: consistência e restrição; (iv) controle: coerção e difusão; e (v) contexto: incerteza e interconectividade. Assim sendo, as unidades de análise estudadas correspondem aos poderes executivos dos estados de São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e Minas Gerais e as evidências foram obtidas mediante entrevistas, tanto com respondentes que atuam em tais entes estaduais como entrevistados externos aos estados, e documentos. Verificou-se, por meio da triangulação dos dados, que os três estados apresentam a aquiescência como resposta estratégica às mudanças institucionais baseadas na adoção das normas brasileiras de contabilidade oriundas do processo de convergência às IPSAS. Porém, constatou-se que, enquanto no estado de São Paulo cinco variáveis, entre as 10 utilizadas, indicaram a probabilidade de aquiescer, seis variáveis apontaram evidências referentes a tal resposta para o estado do Rio de Janeiro e sete para Minas Gerais. Concluiu-se, dessa maneira, que, apesar de os três entes estaduais apresentarem a mesma resposta estratégica, há maior probabilidade de resistência no estado de São Paulo, seguida pelo estado do Rio de Janeiro e, na sequência, por Minas Gerais, sendo que tais diferenças entre os entes estão atreladas às variáveis multiplicidade e consistência. Acredita-se que os apontamentos realizados na presente pesquisa sejam relevantes para compreensão dos fatores críticos que aumentam a probabilidade de conformidade ou de resistência às mudanças institucionais baseadas na adoção das normas brasileiras de contabilidade oriundas do processo de convergência às IPSAS. / The changes in public sector accounting in Brazil, since the publication of the MF Order N. 184, of 25 August 2008, have been taking a large agenda with discussions both in the academic environment and in the activities of the entities responsible for accounting. Such changes, from the perspective of applied entities and observed through the assumptions of institutional theory and resource dependence theory, can be approached as institutional changes or processes demanded by the external pressures. Oliver (1991) proposes a model based on both of the aforementioned theories to identify the strategic response of an organization as a result of external pressures or rules that vary from compliance to high resistance, namely: (i) acquiescence, (ii) compromise, (iii) avoidance, (iv) defiance, and (v) manipulation. In this perspective, the present research had as general purpose to understand the strategic responses of Brazilian states to institutional changes based on the adoption of Brazilian accounting standards from the convergence process to International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS), from the institutional and resource dependence perspective. The multiple case study research strategy was used to identify the strategic response of the entities addressed in relation to institutional changes and were addressed through Oliver\'s 10 predictors factors, grouped into five institutional factors: (i) cause: legitimacy and efficiency; (ii) constituents: multiplicity and dependence; (iii) content: consistency and constraint; (iv) control: coercion and diffusion; and (v) context: uncertainty and interconnectedness. Thus, the analyzed units correspond of the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Minas Gerais, on the executive sphere, and the evidence was obtained through documents and interviews with respondents who work in such state entities and respondents from outside the states. It was verified through the triangulation of data that the three states present acquiescence as a strategic response to the institutional changes based on the adoption of Brazilian accounting standards from convergence process to IPSAS. However, it was found that while in the state of São Paulo five variables, among the 10 used, indicated the probability of acquiesce, six variables indicated evidence regarding this response to the state of Rio de Janeiro and seven to the state of Minas Gerais. It was concluded, then, although the three state entities present the same strategic response, there is a greater probability of resistance in the state of São Paulo, followed by the state of Rio de Janeiro and, subsequently, the state of Minas Gerais. Such differences between the entities are tied to the multiplicity and consistency variables. It is believed that the notes made in the present study are relevant to the understanding of the critical factors that increase the likelihood of compliance or resistance to institutional changes based on the adoption of Brazilian accounting standards from convergence process to IPSAS.

O crescimento populacional, a industrialização e a expansão da agricultura no último século vêm acarretando problemas de escassez e degradação dos recursos hídricos. Desta forma, a gestão das águas passou a fazer parte das discussões políticas, sociais, econômicas e acadêmicas. A noção atual é a de que a água é um recurso finito, escasso e valorizado economicamente. Assim, a necessidade desse recurso leva fornecedores e usuários a negociarem no ambiente institucional vigente. A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da institucionalização da cobrança da água no mercado de fornecimento para a lavoura orizícola na Região Hidrográfica do Litoral do Rio Grande do Sul. Para atender este objetivo, foram utilizados procedimentos metodológicos qualitativos, tendo como alvo produtores orizícolas e experts, distribuídos em 47 entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Inicialmente foram identificadas e caracterizadas as dimensões do arranjo institucional dos recursos hídricos e, esses resultados permitiram a construção de cinco cená rios: realista, pessimista, otimista, conformista e resistente para a cobrança pelo uso da água. Esses cenários revelaram que o mercado de fornecimento de água para a lavoura arrozeira já está legitimado socialmente. Não há intervenção do Estado, nem dos comitês de bacia hidrográfica nas negociações entre usuários e fornecedores dos serviços de irrigação. Assim, percebe-se que a cobrança do uso da água poderá afetar a formação de preços nesse mercado, mas o poder de barganha entre as partes permanecerá àque le que já está institucionalizado. / Population growth, industrialization and expansion of agriculture in the last century have caused problems of shortage and degradation of water resources. This way, water management started making part of political, social, economic and academic discussions. The current notion is that water is a finite, scarce and economically valuable resource. So, the need of such a resource leads suppliers and users to negotiate in the ongoing institutional environment. This research’s goal was evaluating the influence of the institutionalization of water tariff charge in the market that supplies rice croplands in the Hydrographic Region of Coastal Rio Grande do Sul. In order to reach that aim, qualitative methodological procedures were used, having as goal both rice growers and experts, distributed in 47 half-structured interviews. At first, one identified and characterized the dimensions of the institutional arrangement of water resources, and such results allowed the construction of five scenarios: realistic, pessimistic, optimistic, conformist and resistant about the tariff charge for water usage. These scenarios reveal that the water-supplying market for rice growing is already socially legitimized. There is no intervention either by the state or by the committees of the hydrographic basin in the negotiations between users and suppliers of irrigation services. So, it can be noticed that tariff charging on water usage may affect the formation of prices in this market, but the bargaining power between the parties will remain the one that is already institutionalized.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniel de Oliveira.pdf: 749226 bytes, checksum: a0eb932bafc566e7a4a18c327dc5c5fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present work refers to a study on Simão Mathias s contributions for the institutionalization of the science in Brazil. Its objective is to show how a professor Simão Mathias had fundamental importance for the development of institutionalization of the science in Brazil, by mentioning his biography, his books and its philosophies on the science and technology directed toward the scientific growth. The methodology used consists if collecting its contributions registered in books, magazines, testimonials of friends and scientists, and mainly in the publications of Simão Mathias / O presente trabalho refere-se a um estudo sobre as contribuições de Simão Mathias para a institucionalização da ciência , principalmente no Brasil. Seu objetivo consiste em mostrar como o professor Simão Mathias teve um papel fundamental para o desenvolvimento da institucionalização cientifica no Brasil, abordando sua biografia, em seus livros, suas filosofias através da ciência, e da tecnologia dirigidas para o crescimento científico. A metodologia usada consiste em coletar suas contribuições registradas, nos livros, revistas, depoimentos de amigos e cientistas, e principalmente nas publicações de Simão Mathias

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sergio Luis Ignacio de Oliveira.pdf: 6758264 bytes, checksum: c6bdd87612c49b9c548129e00aa7c9a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-15 / This Research analyzes the use of philosophical and scientific methods used by the first ones theoretical in Marketing in the beginning of the century XX. For us to find such methodological indications we discoursed regarding the modifications happened in the context of the organizations in North American territory for us to demarcate as these alterations they created problems that other study areas were not capable to solve creating the demand for the first studies in the area. The institutionalization process that allowed the creation and development of the Marketing. We selected for analysis Marketing Methods, of Ralph Starr Butler, as document for us to find the proposed methodology. Through this study, we observed that the authors of the period were based in a philosophical and scientific methodology for the construction of a manual for the first researchers of the area. With the use of this methodology it allowed to the Marketing an independence of other more traditional areas and an importance in the academic and managerial middle / Esta Pesquisa analisa o uso de métodos filosóficos e científicos usados pelos primeiros teóricos em Marketing no início do século XX. Para encontrarmos tais indícios metodológicos discorremos a respeito das modificações ocorridas no contexto das organizações em território norte-americano para demarcarmos como estas alterações criaram problemas que outras áreas de estudo não estavam aptas a resolver criando a demanda pelos primeiros estudos na área. O processo de institucionalização que permitiu a criação e desenvolvimento do Marketing. Selecionamos para análise Marketing Methods, de Ralph Starr Butler como documento de pesquisa para encontrarmos a metodologia proposta. Por meio deste estudo, observamos que os autores do período se embasaram em uma metodologia filosófica e científica para a construção de um manual para os primeiros pesquisadores da área. Com o uso desta metodologia permitiu ao Marketing uma independência de outras áreas mais tradicionais e uma importância no meio acadêmico e empresarial

S’étant imposés comme acteurs incontournables de la transition démocratique des années 1990 et de l’instauration d’un régime démocratique consociatif post-Accord d’Arusha d’août 2000, les partis politiques du Burundi constituent toujours de principaux canaux de mobilisation pour les acteurs politiques. Cependant, les déficits de ces formations politiques dus à leurs origines même, à leur histoire jalonnée de conflits ethnopolitiques, à leur très faible niveau d’institutionnalisation, à l’absence de culture politique démocratique ainsi qu’à leur inscription dans les dynamiques du système politique marqué par les pesanteurs des pratiques clientélistes et néopatrimoniales, de violences ethnopolitiques, d’autoritarisme militaro-civil et monopartiste, les réduisent à de simples instruments pour l’obtention des gains politico-économiques parfois personnels, au lieu d’être des leviers pour le changement démocratique qualitatif. Cette étude montre également que l’existence de plusieurs partis politiques, de textes légaux et la tenue d’élections à intervalles réguliers ne signifie pas nécessairement l’existence de régime démocratique dans la mesure où la démocratie n’est pas un processus technique et linéaire applicable sur base d’une simple prescription ou injonction de nature uniquement institutionnelle. / Having asserted themselves as key players in the democratic transition of the 1990’s and the establishment of the Arusha post-Agreement consociate democratic regime in August 2000, Burundi’s political parties remain the main channels of mobilization for political actors. Nonetheless, the deficits of these political formations regarding their origin, ethnopolitical conflits that stand out their history, their very low level of institutionalization, the lack of democratic political culture and their inclusion in the dynamics of the political system marked by the weigth of practices of patronage and neo-patrimonial practices, ethno-political violence, military civilian and one-party authoritarianism, reduce them to simple instruments for obtaining politico-economic profits, sometimes personal, rather than being levers for qualitative democratic change. This study also chows that the existence of several political parties, legal texts and the holding of elections at regular intervals does not necessarly mean the existence of democratic rule because that democracy is not a technical and linear process applied on the basis of a simple prescription or only institutional order.

Legislation concerning California residents with intellectual and developmental disabilities (ID/DD) requires recipients of services to be treated as independent individuals while emphasizing self-determination. At the same time, under regulatory procedures, recipients are considered dependent on the delivered services and not self-determinant. Neither the California Department of Developmental Services nor the trade associations representing community service providers have established a unified, systematic practice to support self-determination. This phenomenological study explored the experience of adults with ID/DD working toward self-determination. Specifically, it explored how medical and social models contribute to shaping and actualizing the independence of this population. Interviews with eight adults with ID/DD explored the perceived barriers to, and opportunities for, achieving independence through self-determination. Under the current statutory regulations, the study viewed two conceptual lenses. The first lens, social role valorization, is based on the study of normalization. The second lens, social reaction, emphasizes a response to the disparities that acknowledge the political, cultural, and social beliefs associated with theories of deviance and social role valorization. The findings demonstrated that self-determination requires collaboration between coordinated services, primary social systems, and theoretical services supporting social role value. The discovery of these key elements may help California's disability service system fulfill legislative requirements to increase opportunities for personal choice.

My essay is about the transition between home and preschool and takes its starting point in two stories. The first describes an induction conversation and how I as an educator react and act on the basis of the reactions of the two caregivers. The second story also depicts two different reactions from caregivers just before they go home after the first day of preschool training.         My purpose with the essay is to find out whether these reactions from caregivers are based on the same problem, institutionalization of childhood. From society's demands on society's members, preschool politics and society's views, it has developed a institutionalization. Through a historical perspective, I want to try to shed light on how it can affect the reactions and actions of legal representatives in the transition between home and preschool.         Shared responsibility, how does it look between home and preschool when society has created an institutionalization of childhood? In my essay I would like to shed light on how the pre-school's policy documents over time influenced and changed the perception of responsibility. From being nurtured in the home and educated in preschool as an institution to give the preschool the responsibility to develop a collaboration between home and preschool in a close and trusting way.         As a ready preschool teacher June 2019 I start working in the business of preschool with a mission that is guided by a new curriculum, “Lpfö 18”. I wondered then, how these changes affect my job as a preschool teacher? In my essay, I want to try to give my views on the changes and how I now think that I can approach the concept of teaching that is part of education.         I will use a scientific essay as a method, where I reflect on my dilemmas and with the help of a historical perspective on preschool politics. By trying to shed light on positions and assignment formulations that have been given may have gained importance in the perception of the shared assignment between home and preschool. Also highlight and reflect on what the new curriculum, “Lpfö 18”, and its reformulations can be of importance in terms of the view of a preschool teacher's mission in the future.