The present study utilized a mixed-methods strategy to examine the effectiveness, diffusion, and institutionalization of the Memphis Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) model. To evaluate the effectiveness of the training component of the CIT model, a panel research design was employed in which a sample of 179 law enforcement officers and 100 correctional officers in nine Florida counties were surveyed on the first day of training (pretest), the last day of training (posttest), and one month following their completion of CIT training (follow-up). These surveys measured the extent to which CIT training achieved several officer-level objectives, including increased knowledge of mental illness and the mental health referral process, improved self-efficacy when responding to mental health crises, and enhanced perceptions of verbal deescalation skills, mental health services in the community, and the mental health referral process. The results of these surveys revealed officers experienced a statistically significant increase on every measure of training effectiveness between the pretest and posttest data collection points. However, a significant decline was found among the 117 officers that responded to the follow-up survey on the measures associated with self-efficacy and perceptions of verbal de-escalation, which points to a measurable decay in the effectiveness of the training in the intermediate timeframe with regard to these two measures. To examine the extent to which the diffusion of the CIT model resembles a social movement in the field of criminal justice and to explore the impact of CIT institutionalization on the organizational structure of criminal justice agencies, an online survey was distributed to 33 representatives of law enforcement and correctional agencies known to participate in the CIT program in the nine Florida counties in which officers were surveyed. The results of this survey indicate interagency communication and external pressure i from mental health providers and advocates largely contribute to the decision of criminal justice agencies to adopt the CIT model. In addition, the findings of this survey suggest criminal justice agencies modify their organizational structure in a number of different ways to internalize and institutionalize the CIT model. By coupling a training program evaluation with an assessment of diffusion and institutionalization, this study makes a unique contribution to organizational and evidence-based literature.

Although the EU foreign policy is guided by the principle of coherence, previous research describes how cases of incoherence prevail. This thesis aims to contribute to the literature on under which conditions the EU acts coherently and not. It does so by studying the EU’s foreign policy making in Venezuela post the contested presidential elections in 2018 that left the country with two self-proclaimed presidents and a deteriorating democracy. What is puzzling about the EU’s response is that it imposed sanctions in a coherent manner but acted incoherently regarding the issue of presidential recognition. The outcomes hence varied within the same empirical context, which calls for further analysis of what caused this variation. The thesis utilizes a most similar systems design and qualitative content analysis of official EU-documents and news reporting of the empirical events to analyze if and how three variables - the level of institutionalization and socialization, and interests - were referred to by the actors involved in EU foreign policy making as reasons for its coherence and incoherence respectively. The findings indicate that all three variables were relevant for determining the in/coherence of the respective outcome, and that they reinforced each other to some extent.

Объектом исследования является управление детско-юношеским волонтерством в Свердловской области. Цель работы – разработка рекомендаций по совершенствованию управления детско-юношеским волонтерством в Свердловской области. Основными методами проведения исследования стали анализ научных источников, документов, статистических данных; экспертный опрос; методы проектирования – сетевое, ресурсное, календарное планирование. В процессе исследования были выделены основные характеристики детско-юношеского волонтерства в предметном поле управления, дана оценка нормативно-правовому регулированию детско-юношеского волонтерства, проанализировано управление детско-юношеским волонтерством в государственном и третьих секторах российского региона как социальный институт, проведено эмпирическое исследование, направленное на изучение потенциала детско-юношеского волонтерства на Среднем Урале. Результатом работы стала разработка рекомендаций по совершенствованию управления детско-юношеским волонтерством в Свердловской области. / The Object of study is the management of youth volunteering in the Sverdlovsk region. Purpose of work - development of recommendations for improvement management of youth volunteerism in the Sverdlovsk region. The main research methods were the analysis of scientific sources, documents, statistics; expert survey; methods design - network, resource, calendar planning. During the study, the main characteristics were identified youth volunteerism in the subject field of management, given assessment of the legal regulation of children and youth volunteering, analyzed the management of youth volunteering in the state and third sectors of the Russian region as a social institution, an empirical study was conducted, aimed at exploring the potential of youth volunteerism on Middle Urals. The result of the work was the development of recommendations on improving the management of youth volunteerism in Sverdlovsk region.

Bakgrund: Personalen är ett företags viktigaste resurs och tillgång sägs det ofta i företagsekonomiska diskussioner. Att kunskapsutveckla medarbetare och därmed kunskapsförsörja en organisation är av stor vikt av olika anledningar. Exempelvis är kunskapsutveckling avgörande för att en organisation ska förbli legitim på respektive marknad, att förbli en attraktiv arbetsgivare samt att förse medarbetare med kunskap för att undvika onödiga kostnader. Effekterna av kunskapsutvecklande insatser från organisatoriskt perspektiv är att dessa förmodligen skall ha en viss påverkan på organisationens framgång och resultat. Att studera hur mycket av dessa kunskapsutvecklande insatser som faktiskt kommer företagen till gagn är relevant och av vikt för flertalet intressenter då det är mycket resurskrävande för organisationerna som möjliggör dessa insatser. Syfte och metod: Syftet med studien är att bidra till att öka kunskapen om vilka organisatoriska faktorer som påverkar överföringen av kunskap från utbildningar till den utbildades arbetsmiljö. Studien har använt en kvalitativ metod för att besvara frågeställningen. Vid insamling till empiri genomfördes tio semistrukturerade intervjuer. Teori: Den teori som legat till grund för studien är transformationsprocessen och mer specifikt Grossman och Salas (2011) modell. Resultat och slutsats: Kunskapen om hur organisationen bäst utformar de organisatoriska faktorerna för att underlätta för kunskapsöverföring från lärmiljö till arbetsmiljö är svår att kommunicera internt. Medvetenheten inom organisationen om hur faktorerna påverkar överföring av kunskap existerar på övergripande nivå, dock visar resultatet att det finns en skillnad mellan hur organisationen arbetar och hur densamma ämnar arbeta.

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No description available.

Kvalitetsledningsstandard ISO 9001 samt miljöledningsstandard ISO 14001 är idag frekvent förekommande i svenska företag. Standarderna har som syfte att ligga till grund för en organisations ledningssystem och innehåller en mängd kravspecifikationer som anses vara optimala för att en verksamhet ska bedriva ett hållbart kvalitetsarbete. Standarderna ges ut av International Organization for Standardization, vilken förkortas som ISO. Förkortningen grundar sig i det grekiska ordet isos som kan översättas till identisk eller lika. Grundidén för ISO-standarder är nämligen att de är standardiserade riktlinjer som går att applicera på alla organisationer med samma resultat.    Genom en kvalitativ flerfallsstudie så ämnar forskningen att undersöka hur organisationer påverkas av ISO-standarders spridning och institutionalisering, samt vad det har för effekt på dess arbete med kvalitet och hållbarhet. Under arbetets gång så har primärdata samlats in genom sex semi-strukturerade intervjuer med kvalitetschefer, miljöchefer och projektansvariga på ISO-certifierade företag samt hos Swedish Standards Institute. Majoriteten av forskningsanalysen behandlar ISO-standarder i kontexten kring institutionalisering, isomorfism och institutionellt tryck, men den undersöker även företags påstådda motiv, och hur de upplever de organisatoriska konsekvenserna av anpassningen till ett ISO-certifierat ledningssystem.   Utfallet av undersökningen visar att de undersökta företagen påstår sig ha tre olika motiv till att göra en anpassning till ISO-standarder och dessa är: Påtryckningar från intressenter och kundernas krav på certifierade ledningssystem, certifieringar som konkurrensfördel i upphandlingar, samt en tilltro till standardens förmåga att effektivisera den egna verksamheten.   Påtryckningarna från intressenter har visat sig ha en central roll i hur företaget bedriver sitt arbete med standarder. De organisatoriska effekterna upplevs av samtliga respondenter som positiva men ger i de flesta fall inte intryck av att vara bra nog för att motivera den mängd tid och resurser som krävs för att erhålla ett certifikat. Istället sätts processen ofta igång genom ett tryck från omgivningen där kunderna genom sina kravställningar har en förmåga att få företagen att initiera sin anpassning. Svenska organisationer drivs således till att anpassa sig till samma typ av standardiserade sätt att bedriva sitt arbete, vilket gör dem mer homogena med sin omgivning och bidrar till att kvalitets- och miljöarbetet allt mer blir professionaliserat. / Quality management standard ISO 9001 and environmental management standard ISO 14001 are frequently occuring in swedish enterprises. The standards are intented to provide a foundation for an organization’s management system and they contain a series of specifications that are estimated to be optimal for a business to conduct a sustainable and high quality operation. ISO-standards are published by International Organization for Standardization, which is abbreviated as ISO. The abbreviation stems in the greek term isos, which can be translated into equal or alike. The main idea of ISO-standards is that they are a series of standardized guidelines which can be applied to any organization with the same results.   By conducting a qualitative multi-case study the research intends to examine how organizations are affected by the ISO-standards proliferation and institutionalization, as well as its perceived effects on firms’ work with quality and sustainability. Primary data has been gathered during the course of the research by conducting six semi-structured interviews with quality managers, environmental managers and project managers at ISO-certified enterprises as well as the Swedish Standards Institute. The majority of the analysis treats ISO-standards in the context of institutionalization, isomorphism and institutional pressure. Moreover, it also examines the enterprises alleged motives for adaption as well as their experience of the organizational changes a certified management system entails. The results of the research shows that the examined enterprises claims to have three different motives for adaption: Pressure from stakeholders and the customers’ demands for certified management systems, certificates as a competitive advantage in procurements, as well as a trust in the standards ability to streamline the organization.   The pressure from stakeholders have proven to play a central role in how the enterprise conducts work with the standards. The organizational effects are perceived by all respondents as positive. However, in most cases they do not give the impression of being worthy of the time and effort required to achieve a certificate. Instead, the process of acquiring a certificate is often initiated as a direct response to customers’ demands. Thus, the organizations are more inclined to adapting the same kind of standardized ways of planning their operations, which further makes them homogeneous with their environment as well as contributes to the professionalization of quality- and environmental work.

Dans ce mémoire, l’auteur part d’un constat : deux commissions sont lancées au Québec et en France dans des contextes similaires d’intense débat social autour de la question de la laïcité. Même si la commission française réserve le rôle principal au concept de laïcité et que la commission québécoise l’examine parmi d’autres concepts, il est évident que la polémique québécoise des accommodements raisonnables en matière sociale et religieuse fait écho au débat du voile en France, les trames de lancement des commissions, une comparaison des concepts de laïcité est ainsi pertinente. Des modèles différents de laïcité des commissions mises en parallèle : une laïcité ouverte mettant davantage l’accent sur la liberté de conscience et permettant le port de signes religieux pour le Rapport Bouchard-Taylor et une laïcité ferme mettant en équilibre la liberté de conscience et l’égalité de traitement avec une nécessité de respect de l’ordre et de la neutralité d’un espace public, alors que le port d’objet religieux ostensibles est exclu de l’école publique pour le Rapport Stasi. Les trajectoires historiques menant à ces commissions permettent de dégager l’importance de moments clés dans la formation de la laïcité : les révolutions, l’installation des idéologies étatiques et l’institutionnalisation par le droit et l’éducation. Ces charnières par leur spécificité nationale contribuent à façonner les laïcités québécoise et française. / The author of this thesis examines two cases, Quebec and France, in which similar issues and debates have propelled state commissions about laïcité. The concept of laïcité, otherwise known as secularism, is the main focus of the Stasi Commission in France and an important one in the Bouchard-Taylor Commission in Quebec. The concept of laïcité is analysed differently in both commission reports. The Bouchard-Taylor report puts forward the concept of « laïcité ouverte » (open secularism) which mainly insists on the promotion of freedom of conscience and allows individuals to wear religious objects. The Stasi Report chooses a firm conception of laïcité which balances freedom of conscience and equality with social order imperatives, putting forward a neutral public space in which public schools should not allow individuals to wear ostensibly visible religious objects. Key moments like revolutions, the installation of state ideologies and the institutionalization of laïcité in the fields of law and education, help us to understand the historical trajectories that have led to the respective apprehensions of secularism. Specific national settings are responsible for the differences in the processes of construction of French and Quebec secularisms.

La thèse porte sur l’analyse qualitative de situations didactiques intégrées au programme de prévention au préscolaire Fluppy. Conçu pour la prévention de la violence et du décrochage scolaire (Tremblay et al., 1992, Tremblay et al., 1995), ce programme s’est enrichi depuis une dizaine d’années de différentes composantes d’intervention, dont une sur l’enseignement du français et des mathématiques. Ce programme, relevant aujourd’hui d’une approche multimodale, a fait l’objet d’une évaluation d’impact en 2002-2004 (Capuano et al., 2010). Le devis quasi-expérimental n’a cependant pas permis de procéder à une analyse appropriée au cadre méthodologique, l’ingénierie didactique (Artigue, 1990), sur lequel se fondent les situations didactiques en mathématiques. La thèse procède donc à la validation interne des trois séquences numériques, issues de la composante mathématique, telles qu’expérimentées dans deux classes du préscolaire en 2011-2012. La première séquence vise au développement des connaissances sur la désignation de quantités. La deuxième sur la comparaison numérique et, la troisième, sur la composition additive des nombres. Les analyses mettent en évidence : 1) certains décalages entre la proposition didactique et la réalisation effective des situations; 2) l’évolution des connaissances numériques des élèves; 3) les forces et les limites de l’analyse a priori. L’interprétation des résultats ouvre sur un enrichissement de l’analyse a priori des situations didactiques ainsi que sur de nouvelles considérations relatives aux processus de dévolution et d’institutionnalisation dans le cadre de l’appropriation de situations didactiques par des enseignants du préscolaire. / The thesis focuses on the qualitative analysis of didactic situations incorporated in the prevention program, Fluppy, intended for preschool children. Originally designed for the prevention of violence and school dropout (Tremblay et al., 1992; Tremblay et al.,1995), over the last decade, this program has abundantly been enhanced of different intervention components, including French and mathematics teaching. This program, which is now part of a multimodal approach, has been the subject of an impact assessment in 2002-2004 (Capuano et al., 2010). The quasi-experimental instrument, has however failed to conduct a proper analysis of the methodological framework, the didactical engineering (Artigue, 1990); basis of the theory of didactical situations in mathematics. The thesis undertakes the internal validation of three numeric sequences –from the mathematical component– such as they were tested in two preschool classes in 2011-2012. The first sequence studies the development of C-knowledge regarding the designation of quantities. The second one tackles the numerical comparison, and the third one studies the additive composition of numbers. Analyzes reveal: 1) some discrepancies between the didactical proposal and the actual situations, 2) the development of students’ c-knowledge, and 3) the strengths and limitations of the a priori analysis. The interpretation of the results broadens the a priori analysis of didactical situations as well as arises new considerations on the devolution and institutionalization phenomena within the framework of preschool teachers’ appropriation of didactical situations.

Aujourd’hui, en Amérique latine, il existe une véritable multiplication de l’activité multilatérale par la création de différents types d’espace de coopération : l’Union des Nations Sud-américaine (UNASUR), l’Alliance Bolivarienne Pour les Peuples de Notre Amérique (ALBA), l’Alliance du Pacifique et la Communauté des Etats Latino-américains et des Caraïbes (CELAC). Actuellement, pour définir ces nouvelles organisations multilatérales, les politiciens, les académiciens, les scientifiques et les juristes ont utilisé divers notions : processus d’intégration, intégration maximaliste, intégration politique, intégration énergétique, régionalisme post-néolibéral, nouveau régionalisme, nouveau processus d’intégration, convergence, coopération sociale, culturelle et économique, et instance de concertation du dialogue et de la politique. Pourtant l’intégration latino-américaine est une intégration discursive. Et parfois, elle est utilisée pour les processus de coopération.Cette nouvelle dynamique multilatérale latino-américaine entraine une problématique sur l’avenir et l’ampleur de la participation de l’Amérique latine, en tant que regroupement d’Etats, dans la nouvelle configuration de la gouvernance internationale. Ainsi, pour comprendre ces nouvelles formes de relations interétatiques, la construction et la consolidation de leurs niveaux d’institutionnalisation permettent d’obtenir des résultats sur le modèle de l’intégration et des relations multilatérales dans la région. / Today in Latin America, there is a real increase of multilateral activity through the creation of different types of cooperation areas, such as: the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR), the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of the Americas (ALBA), the Pacific Alliance and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC).Currently, to define these new multilateral organizations, politicians, academia, scientists and lawyers, have used various definitions: the integration process, maximalist integration, political integration, energy integration, post-neoliberal regionalism, new regionalism, new process integration, convergence, social cooperation, cultural and economic and consultative body for dialogue and politics, among others. However, the integration of Latin America is a discursive interaction; and sometimes it is used for cooperation processes.This new Latin American multilateral dynamic leads to a problem for the future, to the extent of the participation of Latin America, as a grouping of states in the new configuration of international governance. Thus, in understanding the new forms of interstate relations, its construction and consolidation of its institutionalization stages, allowing for the model of the results of integration and multilateral relations in the region.