Ce travail de thèse vise tout d'abord à comprendre comment se construisent les dispositifs de Gestion des Ressources Humaines (GRH) inter-organisationnelle. Il cherche, ensuite, à en évaluer la portée effective. Pour ce faire, deux dispositifs innovants sont étudiés à la lumière de la Théorie de I' Acteur-Réseau (Collon, 1986 ; Akrich et al., 2006 ; Latour, 2006). Le premier, Alliance, rassemble des grandes entreprises du bassin d'emploi lyonnais. Il a pour but de développer la mobilité inter-entreprises de ses salariés. Le second est un programme de GPEC collective mis en place par la grappe d'entreprises stéphanoise Mécaloire, au profit de ses PME membres. Nos résultats tendent à confirmer la tendance, déjà observée, de territorialisation de la GRH. Le territoire est alors vu comme un intermédiaire capable d'agréger des acteurs aux motivations diverses, et de fluidifier leurs échanges. La place des relations interpersonnelles, du temps et du droit à l'erreur apparaît comme centrale dans le processus d'émergence des dispositifs de GRH inter-organisationnelle. Dix rôles clefs d'acteurs, présents dans ce processus, sont révélés. L'importance des acteurs non­humains est soulignée. Les résultats effectifs des dispositifs sont enfin comparés aux ambitions d'origine affichées. Un constat d'échec est dressé. Il apparaît que les bénéficiaires des dispositifs ne sont pas les salariés initialement ciblés. Plusieurs explications sont avancées. Nos résultats contribuent ainsi, modestement, à l'enrichissement du champ de recherche propre à la GRH inter-organisationnelle (ou GRH Territoriale). Ils permettent également de questionner la pertinence du cadre théorique de l'acteur-réseau et d'en proposer des pistes d'enrichissement. Ils permettent enfin, d'un point de vue opérationnel, d'identifier les facteurs clefs de succès et freins potentiels à la mise en place de dispositifs de GRH inter-organisationnelle. / This PhD's aim is to understand how inter-organizational HRM devices are developed and to provide an evaluation of their actual results. To this point, two innovative devices are studied in the light of the Actor-Network Theory (Collon, 1986; Akrich et al., 2006; Latour, 2006). The first one, Alliance, brings together major companies of the Lyon area, aiming to develop inter-firm mobility of employees. The second is a collective GPEC program (strategic workforce planning) set up by the Mécaloire cluster for the benefit of its members: SMEs from the Saint-Etienne area. Our results tend to confirm the trend of HRM territorialisation, where the territory appears as an intermediary in uniting actors with different motivations, and facilitating their exchanges. It also highlights that allowing interpersonal relationships, time, and trial and error are all crucial in the emergence process of inter-organizational HRM devices. Ten key roles in this process are revealed. The importance of non-human actors is emphasized. As the device's efficiency is compared with the original ambitions, it appears that beneficiaries are not those who were initially targeted. Several explanations are stated. Our results thus contribute, modestly, to the enrichment of the inter-organizational HRM (or Territorial HRM), question the relevance of the actor-network theory framework and provide enrichment tracks. From an operational point of view, key factors of success and potential obstacles to the development of inter-organizational HRM devices are updated.

Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-07-08T20:47:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 02b.pdf: 1783975 bytes, checksum: 138732eb642e2e9073784833be492755 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-08T20:47:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 02b.pdf: 1783975 bytes, checksum: 138732eb642e2e9073784833be492755 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-05 / Nenhuma / As possibilidades e tensões que permeiam o Ensino Integrado no Curso Técnico em Agropecuária do IFRS, Câmpus Sertão se constituem no objeto desse estudo, com vistas a melhor compreender sua implantação e desenvolvimento. Num contexto escolar marcado historicamente pelas formas alternadas de desenvolver o ensino profissional de nível médio, ora concomitante, ora integrado, investigamos se o Ensino Integrado contribui para a melhor formação dos estudantes da educação profissional. Para tal, recolhemos a opinião de docentes, técnicos administrativos e alunos, cotejando as duas modalidades de Curso que acontecem no Câmpus: na Unidade Sede, na forma presencial, com foco na Agropecuária tradicional e na Unidade do Polo de Pontão, sob a Pedagogia da Alternância, com acento na Agroecologia. Através de um cotejamento entre as duas modalidades de realização curricular foi possível perceber que foram oportunizados raros momentos de discussão e planejamento na elaboração e implementação do Currículo Integrado nos dois contextos, motivado, principalmente, porque essa proposta não nasceu da vontade coletiva da comunidade escolar, mas por orientação administrativa para a Rede Federal. Muitos autores enriqueceram a fundamentação do estudo e a análise sobre o Currículo Integrado, como Basil Bernstein, Boaventura de Sousa Santos, James Beane, Edgar Morin, Maria Isabel da Cunha, Maria Ciavatta, Antonio Nóvoa e MauriceTardif e alertaram sobre a importância da reflexão permanente sobre a organização dos currículos, da ação docente, da disponibilidade necessária de todos para o planejamento coletivo, incluindo a rediscussão de metodologias de ensinar e de integrar e a valorização dos saberes discentes. Para melhor interpretar os dados, estabelecemos três dimensões organizativas: as condições pessoais e subjetivas dos envolvidos; as condições de profissionalização e conhecimento e as condições de estruturação e organização do trabalho. Assumimos que o processo de formação discente passa pela formação docente e que, nesse contexto, há necessidade de valorização dos saberes científicos e dos saberes do senso comum, incluindo um constante diálogo entre docentes, alunos e a realidade sócio-cultural. Consideramos que a educação pressupõe aprendizagens autônomas incluindo os aspectos do âmbito intelectual, afetivo e moral. Assumimos que o Currículo não é só uma listagem de conteúdos, mas um processo de fazeres e de constantes tensões. Portanto, alterar a proposta curricular implica considerar a concepção de conhecimento dos envolvidos. Pelo estudo, foi possível perceber que, muito embora haja práticas inter e transdisciplinares bem sucedidas em ambas as realidades investigadas, a Pedagogia da Alternância favorece a obtenção de melhores resultados nas atividades curriculares integradas, especialmente pelo vínculo mais intenso dos discentes com as práticas profissionais no Tempo Comunidade. Há consciência, de parte de grande maioria dos informantes, de que o Currículo Integrado efetivamente articula e produz novos conhecimentos, oportuniza associar saberes anteriores e a valorização de experiências dos alunos, evita a sobreposição de conteúdos, e estimula o aluno a pensar, pois aproxima mais a teoria da prática e conduz para a melhor formação dos alunos. Entretanto reconhecem que há dificuldades epistemológicas e estruturais para sua efetivação e seria necessário um investimento institucional de fôlego para sua implementação. / The possibilities and tensions that permeate the Integrated Education in Technical Course in Agropecuária IFRS, Campus Sertão, constitute the object of this study, in order to better understand its implementation and development. In a school context historically marked by alternate ways to develop the professional middle-level education, sometimes concurrent, sometimes integrated, we investigated whether the Integrated Education contributes to better vocational training students of education. For this we collect the opinion of teachers, administrative staff and students, comparing the two types of course happening on campus: the Headquarters Unit, writh presence, focusing on Traditional Agropecuária and the Polo Pontão Unit, writh Pedagogy of Alternation with emphasis on Agroecology. Through an examination between two modes of curricular achievement was possible to notice that rare moments of discussion and planning had the chance in the development and implementation of Integrated syllabus in both contexts, motivated mainly because the proposal wasn’t Born of the collective will of the school community, but by administrative guidance to the Federal Network. Many authors have enriched the study and analysis about Integrated Syllabus, as Basil Bernstein, Boaventura de Sousa Santos, James Beane, Edgar Morin, Maria Isabel da Cunha, Maria Ciavatta, Antonio Nóvoa and MauriceTardif and warned about the importance of continuous reflection on the organization of syllabuses, teaching activities, everybody availability necessary for collective planning, including the renewed discussion of methodologies to teach and to integrate value and appreciation of the students . To better know the data, we established three organizational dimensions : personal and subjective conditions of those involved; conditions of professionalism and knowledge and the conditions of structuring and organization of work. We admited that the process student’s formation pass by teacher training and there is, in this context, need for appreciation of scientific knowledge and knowledge of common sense, including an ongoing dialogue among teachers, students and the sociocultural reality. We believe that education presupposes autonomous learning including aspects of intellectual, emotional and moral. We admited that the syllabus isn’t only a contents list, but a process of constant tensions and doings. Therefore, changing the syllabus proposal involves considering the conception of knowledge involved. In the study, it was motived that although there is successful interdisciplinary practices in both situations investigated, the Pedagogy of Alternation favors the achievement of better results in integrated curricular activities, especially the most intense relationship of students with professional practices in time Community. There's conscience, part of the most of informers, that the Integrated Syllabus effectively articulates and produces new knowledge, gives opportunity to associate previous knowledge and appreciation of students' experiences, avoids overlapping contents, and encourages the student to think, because closer theory and practice leads to better training of students. However recognize that there are epistemological and structural difficulties in its implementation and would be required an institutional investment for its implementation.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-10-19T12:10:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ALEXANDRE XAVIER VIEIRA BRAGA_.pdf: 1455154 bytes, checksum: e0ea785c5884f34e662fc1ee802dc095 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-19T12:10:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ALEXANDRE XAVIER VIEIRA BRAGA_.pdf: 1455154 bytes, checksum: e0ea785c5884f34e662fc1ee802dc095 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-22 / Nenhuma / Embora existam investigações teóricas e empíricas sobre consórcio modular, estudos sobre as relações entre os modulistas, o fluxo de informações e a Gestão Interorganizacional de Custos (GIC) em arranjos de consórcio modular são embrionários. O consórcio modular e a GIC induzem as empresas a ultrapassar as fronteiras organizacionais, no intuito de permitir que toda a cadeia de valor se torne mais eficiente. A presente tese, configurada com um Estudo de Caso com Objetos Incorporados, defende a possibilidade de aceitação que a associação entre consórcio modular e GIC promove mútuo aprendizado e maior redução dos custos globais de operações na cadeia de valor automobilística, do que adotadas isoladamente. Entende-se que as abordagens adotadas pelo consórcio modular de Resende (modularização e GIC) são complementares e incluem diversos fatores comuns, tal como a partilha de projetos de P&D, entrosamento de seus funcionários em outras empresas, sistemas integrados de informações, transferência de conhecimento, bem como a necessidade de desenvolvimento de uma gestão interorganizacional mais eficiente. Neste contexto, o consórcio modular constitui-se em um elemento facilitador do processo de GIC, pois o custo admissível dos componentes é definido por equipes interorganizacionais de trabalho, que incluem design de produto, engenharia, compras e engenharia de produção. Assim, as empresas demonstram possuir uma relação de alta interdependência. Porém resta evidente que, nem sempre, os benefícios são compartilhados entre todos os atores envolvidos, em função da assimetria de poder entre a MAN e os modulistas. No que tange à troca de informações de custos os achados indicam forte ocorrência desta iniciativa, porém somente dos modulistas para a MAN. As evidências empíricas obtidas no presente estudo denotam o uso de poder pela MAN aos seus modulistas. O uso do poder pode favorecer a divulgação de dados de custos pelos modulistas, mas isso não garante o êxito da GIC em toda sua plenitude. Essa é uma limitação para a aplicabilidade da GIC através do open book accounting. / Although there are theoretical and empirical research on modular consortium, studies on the relationship between modulists, the flow of information and the Interorganizational Cost Management (IOCM) in modular consortium arrangements are embryonic. The modular consortium and IOCM induce companies to overcome organizational boundaries in order to allow the entire value chain becomes more efficient. This thesis, configured how a Case Study with Embedded Objects, defends the possibility of accepting that the association between modular consortium and IOCM promotes mutual learning and further reducing overall operating costs in the automotive value chain, rather than taken alone. It is understood that the approaches adopted by the modular consortium in Resende (modularization and IOCM) are complementary and include several common factors, such as the sharing of R&D projects, meshing of its employees in other companies, integrated information systems, knowledge transfer as well as the need to develop a more efficient inter management. In this context, modular consortium is on a facilitator of the IOCM process because the allowable cost of the components is defined by inter-working teams, which include product design, engineering, procurement and production engineering. Thus, companies have shown a high interdependent relationship. But it is evident that not always, the benefits are shared between all the actors involved, due to the asymmetry of power between MAN and modulists. Regarding the exchange of the findings indicate a strong occurrence cost information of this initiative, but only the modulists for MAN. The empirical evidence obtained in this study denote the use of power by MAN to its modulists. The use of power may favor disclosure by modulists cost data, but this does not guarantee the success of IOCM in all its fullness. This is a limitation to the applicability of IOCM through open book accounting.

Cette thèse porte sur le contrôle que les Etats exercent sur les ONG humanitaires. Ces dernièresconservent parfois une grande marge de manoeuvre dans la mise en oeuvre de leur mandat, alorsque, dans d'autres circonstances, elles agissent en sous-contractants de la politique étrangère deleur État d'origine. Nous cherchons à identifier les facteurs qui mènent les ONG plutôt dans unedirection que dans l’autre, ainsi que la modalité de contrôle exercée par les États – coordinationou blanchiment - La thèse explique pourquoi, au sortir de la guerre froide, les Etats ont accru leurengagement dans l’action humanitaire, de façon unilatérale d’abord et multilatérale ensuite.Sur la base de l’étude du cas de la politique humanitaire internationale entre 1989 et 2005,l’analyse révèle un processus causal constitué de cinq séquences, qui explique comment les Etatsont recours à un agent quand leurs stratégies unilatérales sont infructueuses.Nos résultats attestent du caractère stratégique du financement de l’action humanitaire pour lesEtats, conditionné par les préférences géographiques et politiques de ces derniers. Financerl’action humanitaire permet de soutenir les anciennes colonies, d’appuyer la lutte contre leterrorisme et les interventions militaires des pays donateurs. Les financements étatiquesbénéficient aux ONG les plus dépendantes de leurs Etats d’origine. Les organisations nongouvernementalesdeviennent des organisations néo-gouvernementales. Celles-ci connaissent un rejetplus fort de leur présence en zone de conflit par rapport aux ONG qui refusent de recourir auxfonds publics. Face à l’échec de leurs stratégies de contrôle unilatéral, les Etats interventionnisteseuropéens délèguent la gestion de la politique humanitaire à un agent, ECHO, dont le mandat estde rendre moins visible la tutelle étatique les ONG.Cette situation engendre des problèmesd’agences multiples : l’agent dérape en raison de sa forte perméabilité à ses sous-contractants. Enréaction, les Etats renforcent les dispositifs de contrôle sur leur agent. Au final, la politiquehumanitaire se construit sur un équilibre fragile dans lequel chaque État tend naturellement à lacontrôler tout en sachant qu'un contrôle trop visible priverait cette politique de l'efficacité qui luiest propre, et qui tient, précisément à sa neutralité. / This thesis examines how States control their humanitarian NGOs. NGOs may sometimes enjoya great room of manoeuver in the implementation of their mandate, whereas, in othercircumstances, they act as sub-contractors of their home States’ foreign policies. This researchaims to identify the factors leading them to opt for one or the other course of action, as well as themodalities of States’ control (coordination or laundering). We explain why, at the end of the ColdWar, States have increased their commitments in humanitarian action, firstly bilaterally and then,multilaterally. Drawing upon the analysis of the international humanitarian policy between 1989and 2005, we reveal a 5-phases causal process which explain why States delegate competencies toan international agent when faced with the failures of their unilateral strategies. The results showthat States fund humanitarian aid in a strategic way, aligned with their geographic and politicalpreferences. Humanitarianism enables them to support their former colonies, to contribute toanti-terrorism policies, and to back military interventions. States’ funding mostly benefit to NGOthat depend on their home States. NGO thus become neo-governmental organizations. Theseagencies experience a greater rate of rejection of their action in conflict zones that NGOs thatrefuse to rely on public funding. Faced with the failure of their unilateral control strategies,European interventionist States delegate the management of the humanitarian policy to an agent,ECHO, who mandate is to make the State control of NGOs less visible. This situation raisesmultiple-agency problems: the agent slips because of its strong permeability to its sub-contractors.The principal react by reinforcing the control of its agent. At the end of the day, the humanitarianpolicy builds on a fragile equilibrium in which each State strives to control is while knowing thata too visible control decrease the efficacy of such policy, which precisely lies on its neutrality.

Submitted by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-04-18T14:56:00Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Jocelem_Fernandes_Ribeiro_Dissertação.pdf: 837511 bytes, checksum: 6ca4a8dd9a7fabe59e45f9f36a045aaa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-04-20T20:02:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Jocelem_Fernandes_Ribeiro_Dissertação.pdf: 837511 bytes, checksum: 6ca4a8dd9a7fabe59e45f9f36a045aaa (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-20T20:02:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Jocelem_Fernandes_Ribeiro_Dissertação.pdf: 837511 bytes, checksum: 6ca4a8dd9a7fabe59e45f9f36a045aaa (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-12 / Sem bolsa / Investigar e analisar quais as estratégias e os recursos utilizados por indivíduos negros para sua inserção no mundo do trabalho e mobilidade social na cidade de Pelotas, no período pós-abolição e nos dias atuais é meta deste trabalho. Trata-se de um esforço para compreender quais os mecanismos e modalidades de reconversão de recursos sociais, educacionais e econômicos estes atores utilizaram visando a construção de uma carreira e os possíveis efeitos da discriminação racial ocorrida na trajetória deste grupo populacional. Entender de que forma a utilização de atributos socialmente adquiridos pela geração passada contribuiu para a ascensão das gerações atuais, através da herança inter e intrageracional. Como herança intergeracional, entendemos a ascensão ocorrida dentro do seio familiar e como herança intrageracional compreendemos o aproveitamento de oportunidades oferecidas pela sociedade através da expansão social e econômica do país. A medida básica e variáveis apresentadas para o entendimento da evolução na estrutura social e racial na sociedade pelotense é o status socioeconômico que combina educação, ocupação profissional e renda. / Investigate and analyze the strategies and resources used by blacks for their insertion in the labor and social mobility in the city of Pelotas, in the post-Civil War and today is the goal of this work. This is an effort to understand the mechanisms and modalities for the conversion of social resources, education and economic actors they used for the construction of a career and the possible effects of racial discrimination that occurs in the trajectory of this population group. Understand how the use of socially acquired attributes the past generation has contributed to the rise of the current generation, through the inheritance between and within generations. As intergenerational inheritance understand the rise occurred within the family heritage and how we understand intra seizing opportunities offered by society through social and economic expansion of the country. The basic measure and variables presented in understanding the evolution in social structure and racial society in Pelotas is the socioeconomic status that combines education, occupation and income.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlosNSJ_TESE.pdf: 2390802 bytes, checksum: fd689c5c883f1493f470eac59ad5f18d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-08 / The area of Education in Chemistry in Brazil has appeared over 30 years and its growth has been accelerated by the need of comprehension of the processes of teaching and learning in chemistry. Many researches, in this area, has among its investigation objects the teaching tools like teaching materials and the learning processes of students in high school and basic education, but when dealing with higher levels of education, they are seldom portrayed. This study aimed to investigate the General Chemistry textbooks with respect to approach the concept of energy; know the main ideas of graduate students in Chemistry on the relation of the concept of energy and chemical transformations; finally, developing a cicle of studies with the proposition of an approach wich inter-relate the concept of energy and its implications in the teaching-learning process of a chemical transformation. To do so, we used as instruments a questionnaire, press conference, conceptual map and experimental activities. All activities of the study cicle were videotaped and recorded, transcribed and the results organized in tables. For the activities of the study cicle texts that have been developed and inter-relating concepts of chemistry and energy, which in turn gave theoretical support to the activities in the cycle. In the analysis it was used as a theoretical content the analysis of Laurence Bardin. The results revealed that the analysis of the book might be perceived that not always the concept of energy is used in order to generate the abstract thought of chemical transformations, but that the main macroscopic thermodynamic variables are present in the explanation of these transformations. During the study cicle, were studied two chemical reactions: the first one, made possible to approach the macroscopic dimension to quantify the concept of energy and the second one, made possible to demonstrate the macro and microscopic dimension of the concept of energy during a chemical transformation. In all reactions proposed, students used, in most of the times, as explanations, only macroscopic observations of the reactions under study and failed to realize that the concept of energy can be used to explain macro and microscopic chemical transformation. As a final action of the study cicle, students requested further discussion, to clarify the link between the concept of energy and the meanings constructed in the process of studying the reactions. This is done through an oral explanation, during the cycle, and registered in this thesis and attempts to show the interrelationship existing conceptual / A ?rea de Educa??o em Qu?mica no Brasil surgiu h? pouco mais de 30 anos e tem seu crescimento acelerado pela necessidade de compreens?o dos processos de ensino-aprendizagem na qu?mica. Muitas pesquisas, nessa ?rea, t?m entre seus objetos de investiga??o as ferramentas de ensino tais como materiais did?ticos e os processos de aprendizagem de estudantes do n?vel m?dio e fundamental de ensino, mas ao tratar do n?vel superior de ensino, estes ainda s?o pouco retratados. Este trabalho teve como objetivos investigar os livros de Qu?mica Geral com rela??o a abordagem do conceito de energia; conhecer as principais concep??es dos estudantes de gradua??o em Qu?mica sobre a rela??o do conceito de energia e as transforma??es qu?micas; por fim, a elabora??o de um ciclo de estudos com a proposi??o de uma abordagem que inter-relacione o conceito de energia e suas implica??es no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de uma transforma??o qu?mica. Para tanto, utilizou-se como instrumentos o question?rio, entrevista coletiva, mapa conceitual e atividades experimentais. Todas as atividades do ciclo de estudo foram filmadas e gravadas, posteriormente, transcritas e os resultados organizados em tabelas. Para as atividades do ciclo de estudos foram elaborados textos que inter-relacionam os conceitos qu?micos e a energia, que por sua vez, deram suporte te?rico as atividades no ciclo. Na an?lise utilizou-se como referencial te?rico a an?lise de conte?do de Laurence Bardin. Os resultados revelaram que na an?lise do livro p?de-se perceber que nem sempre o conceito de energia ? utilizado no intuito de gerar o pensamento abstrato das transforma??es qu?micas, mas que as principais vari?veis macrosc?picas termodin?micas se encontram presentes na explica??o dessas transforma??es. Durante o ciclo de estudo foram estudadas duas rea??es qu?micas, uma que possibilitasse abordar a dimens?o macrosc?pica de quantifica??o do conceito de energia e outra que demonstrasse a dimens?o macro e microsc?pica do conceito de energia em meio a uma transforma??o qu?mica. Em todas as rea??es propostas os alunos utilizaram, na maioria das vezes, como explica??es, apenas observa??es macrosc?picas das rea??es em estudo e n?o conseguiram perceber que o conceito de energia pode ser utilizado para explicar microscopicamente uma transforma??o qu?mica. Como a??o final do ciclo de estudos, os alunos solicitaram uma discuss?o mais profunda, que esclarecesse a liga??o entre o conceito de energia e os significados constru?dos no processo de estudo das rea??es. Isso ? feito por meio de 8 uma explica??o oral, durante o ciclo, e registrado nesta tese, procurando mostrar a inter-rela??o conceitual existente

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:25:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aparecida Marildes de Azevedo.pdf: 789591 bytes, checksum: 0e67363187302d286ead9aad786053dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-18 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / In the Twentieth First Century, the modern biotechnology is detached as a relevant set of techniques for modifying organisms through genetic engineering, being able to collaborate to the scientific knowledge advance and the production of new drugs, vaccines and medicines. The interorganizational partnership has been pointed out by several researchers as an effective mean of knowledge transfer and assessing complementary assets in the value chain. The objective in this study is to understand the perception of managers about the influence of the technological environment on the interorganizational partnerships adoption in the biotechnology industry in Brazil, in the human health segment. The methodology involved case studies with two biotechnology companies and a pharmaceutical company with a partnership in the biotechnology industry, all of them located in the city of Sao Paulo, with a minimum of four years of experience. The analysis was conducted in two levels: interorganizational partnerships (description and motivations) and technological environment (appropriability, cumulativeness, opportunity and knowledge basis). The conclusion was that the environment presents high levels of appropriability, cumulativeness, opportunity and complexity of the knowledge basis. When the dimensions of the technological environment are considered high, there is strong motivation for interorganizational partnerships, leading companies to specialize and join with other experts to complete the tasks. The finding in this study suggest there is a high cumulativeness in the biotechnological environment in Brazil, providing the improvement of competences and the ability of companies to maintain the continuity of future innovations to cope with a competitive environment. The relevance of this study is the possibility to collaborate with managers to deep their knowledge about the characteristics of competitive and complex environment in which the Brazilian biotech industry for human health is embedded and interorganizational partnership. / No século XXI, a biotecnologia moderna desponta como importante conjunto de técnicas de modificação de organismos vivos, por meio de engenharia genética, capaz de colaborar no avanço do conhecimento científico e na produção de novas drogas, medicamentos e vacinas. A parceria inter-organizacional tem sido apontado por vários pesquisadores como um meio eficaz de transferência do conhecimento e de acesso a ativos complementares na cadeia de valor. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é compreender a percepção dos gestores sobre a influência do ambiente tecnológico na adoção de parcerias inter-organizacionais na indústria de biotecnologia brasileira, segmento saúde humana. A metodologia envolveu estudo de casos com duas empresas de biotecnologia e um laboratório farmacêutico com parceria na indústria de biotecnologia, todas da cidade de São Paulo, com no mínimo quatro anos de experiência. Foram utilizados dois níveis de análises: Parcerias inter-organizacionais (descrição e motivações) e ambiente tecnológico (apropriabilidade, cumulatividade, oportunidade e base do conhecimento). Concluiu-se que o ambiente apresenta alta apropriabilidade, alta cumulatividade, alta oportunidade e base do conhecimento complexa. Nos casos em que as dimensões do ambiente tecnológico foram consideradas altas, houve motivação para as parcerias inter-organizacionais, levando as empresas a se especializarem e a estabelecer alianças com outros especialistas para a finalização de tarefas. Destaca-se neste estudo, a existência de alta cumulatividade no ambiente biotecnológico brasileira, proporcionando aprimoramento de competências e da capacidade das empresas em manter a continuidade das inovações futuras com produtos inovadores para enfrentar um ambiente competitivo. A relevância deste estudo está na possibilidade de colaborar com os gestores na ampliação do conhecimento a respeito das características do ambiente competitivo e complexo em que está inserida a indústria de biotecnologia brasileira, segmento saúde humana e as parcerias inter-organizacionais.

Les travaux réalisés dans cette thèse traitent de la gestion des données dans les réseaux inter-véhiculaires (VANETs). Ces derniers sont constitués d’un ensemble d’objets mobiles qui communiquent entre eux à l’aide de réseaux sans fil de type IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, ou Ultra Wide Band (UWB). Avec de tels mécanismes de communication, un véhicule peut recevoir des informations de ses voisins proches ou d’autres plus distants, grâce aux techniques de multi-sauts qui exploitent dans ce cas des objets intermédiaires comme relais. De nombreuses informations peuvent être échangées dans le contexte des «VANETs», notamment pour alerter les conducteurs lorsqu’un événement survient (accident, freinage d’urgence, véhicule quittant une place de stationnement et souhaitant en informer les autres, etc.). Au fur et à mesure de leurs déplacements, les véhicules sont ensuite « contaminés » par les informations transmises par d’autres. Dans ce travail, nous voulons exploiter les données de manière sensiblement différente par rapport aux travaux existants. Ces derniers visent en effet à utiliser les données échangées pour produire des alertes aux conducteurs. Une fois ces données utilisées, elles deviennent obsolètes et sont détruites. Dans ce travail, nous cherchons à générer dynamiquement à partir des données collectées par les véhicules au cours de leur trajet, un résumé (ou agrégat) qui fourni des informations aux conducteurs, y compris lorsqu’aucun véhicule communicant ne se trouve pas à proximité. Pour ce faire, nous proposons tout d’abord une structure d’agrégation spatio-temporelle permettant à un véhicule de résumer l’ensemble des événements observés. Ensuite, nous définissons un protocole d’échange des résumés entre véhicules sans l’intermédiaire d’une infrastructure, permettant à un véhicule d’améliorer sa base de connaissances locale par échange avec ses voisins. Enfin, nous définissons nos stratégies d’exploitation de résumé afin d’aider le conducteur dans la prise de décision. Nous avons validé l’ensemble de nos propositions en utilisant le simulateur « VESPA » en l’étendant pour prendre en compte la notion de résumés. Les résultats de simulation montrent que notre approche permet effectivement d’aider les conducteurs à prendre de bonnes décisions, sans avoir besoin de recourir à une infrastructure centralisatrice / The works in this thesis focus on data management in inter-vehicular networks (VANETs). These networks consist of a set of moving objects that communicate with wireless networks IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, or Ultra Wide Band (UWB). With such communication mechanisms, a vehicle may receive information from its close neighbors or other more remote, thanks to multi-jump techniques that operate in this case intermediate objects as relays. A lot of information can be exchanged in the context of « VANETs », especially to alert drivers when an event occurs (accident, emergency braking, vehicle leaving a parking place and want to inform others, etc.). In their move vehicles are then « contaminated » by the information provided by others. In this work, we use the data substantially different from the existing work. These are, in fact, use the data exchanged to produce alerts drivers. Once these data are used, they become obsolete and are destroyed. In this work, we seek to generate dynamically from data collected by vehicles in their path, a summary (or aggregate) which provides information to drivers, including when no communicating vehicle is nearby. To do this, we first propose a spatio-temporal aggregation structure enabling a vehicle to summarize all the observed events. Next, we define a protocol for exchanging summaries between vehicles without the mediation of an infrastructure, allowing a vehicle to improve its local knowledge base by exchange with its neighbors. Finally, we define our operating strategies of the summary to assist the driver in making decision. We validated all of our proposals using the «VESPA» simulator by extending it to take into account the concept of summaries. Simulation results show that our approach can effectively help drivers make good decisions without the need to use a centralized infrastructure

Via la photosynthèse et la photomorphogenèse, la lumière contrôle fortement la ramification. Le rosier (Rosa hybrida L.) présente par exemple une inhibition complète du débourrement à l’obscurité. Mieux comprendre le mode d’action de la lumière offrira des possibilités nouvelles à l’horticulture. Peu de choses sont connues sur la signalisation de la lumière au cours du débourrement. Notamment, les rôles de chacun des photorécepteurs et des cytokinines (CK), hormones promotrices du débourrement, dans la transduction du signal lumineux n’ont pas été examinés. Dans ce travail, des apports exogènes et des dosages de CK à l’obscurité montrent que le photocontrôle du débourrement passe par la photorégulation des CK. La lumière contrôle la néosynthèse et le transport des CK depuis l’entre-nœud vers le bourgeon, et inhibe leur dégradation. Les CK néoformées initient le débourrement car elles régulent un ensemble de gènes majeurs du débourrement (signalisation des strigolactones, métabolisme et transport de l’auxine et des sucres, division et expansion cellulaires). Afin d’identifier les photorécepteurs impliqués dans ce processus, des études ont été menées chez le pois (Pisum sativum L.). Il en ressort que le profil de débourrement chez le pois est sous photocontrôle : basitone à la lumière, ce profil devient acrotone à l’obscurité ou suite aux simples et doubles mutations de phyA, phyB et cry1. Ces trois photorécepteurs jouent donc un rôle primordial sur les corrélations inhibitrices entre bourgeons. Des apports de CK permettent de restaurer le profil basitone du sauvage chez le mutant phyB, ce qui suggère que la signalisation de la lumière vers les CK passe par phyB. / Through photosynthesis and photomorphogenesis, light highly controls plant branching. Roses (Rosa hybrida L.) exhibit for example a strong inhibition of bud outgrowth under darkness. Better understanding the action of light in branching will give new opportunities to horticulturists. Yet, little is known about the light signalling pathway during bud outgrowth. In particular, the involvements of each photoreceptor and of cytokinins (CK), plant hormones acting as promoters of bud outgrowth, in the transduction of the light signal during bud outgrowth have not been assessed. In this work, exogenous applications and quantification of CK under darkness show that the photocontrol of bud outgrowth goes through the photo-regulation of CK. Light controls CK neo-synthesis and transport from the internode toward the bud, and inhibits their degradation. The neo-synthesised CK initiate bud outgrowth by regulating a set of major genes involved in bud outgrowth (strigolactones signalling, metabolisms and transports of auxin and of sugar, cell division and expansion). In order to identify the photoreceptors that are involved in this process, we studied pea (Pisum sativum L.) mutants. Our research indicate that the bud outgrowth profile along the stem is under photocontrol: being basitonic under white light, this profile becomes acrotonic under darkness or after mutations of phyA, phyB and cry1. These three photoreceptors thus play a major role in the control of the correlative inhibitions between buds. Since applications of CK allowed to restore the wild-type basitonic profile in the phyB mutant, this suggests that the light signalling pathway towards CK involves phyB.

Over past decades, governments within Australia and throughout the Western world have sought to establish multi-sectoral planning processes that operate at a regional scale. Research on these processes has tended to focus on the challenges of ‘joining-up’ government and non-government sectors to create robust, effective and democratic regional structures and processes. Far less attention has been paid to integration within and between the various entities of government involved within these regional governance initiatives. This thesis, therefore, investigates the role of inter-governmental integration, or ‘whole-of-government’ activities, in relation to regional multi-sectoral governance. The institutional forms, enabling and constraining factors, and implications of inter-governmental arrangements between the various agencies and levels of government are examined. The study applies a sociocultural approach to institutional analysis. Commonly known as grid-group cultural theory, this approach provides a conceptual framework for identifying the fundamental social dynamics underlying differing forms of social organisation and governance. This framework specifies the primary forms, modus operandi and enabling social contexts of inter-institutional integration. These are, respectively: coordination by authority within hierarchy; cooperation through self-interest based collective action within competitive individualism; and collaboration through trust and a sense of commitment to the group within a communitarian social context. This study sought to investigate whole-of-government within regional governance through examination of two contemporaneous region-wide, multi-sectoral planning projects in Central Queensland, Australia. These were, namely, Central Queensland: A New Millennium, covering planning across a broad suite of issues, and the Fitzroy Basin Association, more specifically focussing on natural resource management planning for the region. Both bodies were in the process of implementing their regional plans at the time of this study. A qualitative case study methodology was employed in research, involving in-depth interviews with government officials, examination of project documents, and participation at meetings. The research data were analysed to identify the main processes and perceived outcomes of the two projects, and underlying factors relating to these. The two regional planning processes were generally perceived to have resulted in widely differing levels of success, and with many of the same government officials involved, there was considerable scope to contrast the whole-of-government structures and processes applied in the two cases. Analysis of the case material in the light of the theoretical framework and broader literature emphasised the nested and subordinate nature of regional whole-of-government efforts within the broader system of government. This system was revealed as characterised by horizontal fragmentation between departments and between jurisdictional tiers of government (Federal, State, and Local) but strong vertical integration within departments. The research highlighted the importance of central level political commitment to regional level integration efforts. Support is seen as particularly important in the form of 1) the political will to direct high-level coordination between departments and to advance cooperation between tiers of government; 2) sufficient resources allocated to regional plan implementation in order to motivate inter-governmental cooperation at a range of levels; and 3) the granting of sufficient autonomy to ensure effective devolution and regional level ownership that assists cooperation and collaboration at the regional level. In the light of the decisive importance of central level support, it was found that while high quality regional level leadership of regional whole-of-government processes is a necessary condition for their success, it is not a sufficient condition. To be effective, regional whole-of-government leadership requires both meaningful devolution and substantive central support. The study identified the multiple and contradictory forms of inter-governmental relations that comprise the social contexts at different levels within the broader system of government. In particular, the case study comparison suggested that success at the regional level relies on the application, at all levels, of forms and mechanisms of inter-governmental integration that are appropriate to the specific social contexts within which they are embedded.