The growth of eCommerce is being hampered by a lack of trust between providers and consumers of Web-based services. While Web trust issues have been addressed by researchers in many disciplines, a comprehensive approach has yet to be established. This thesis proposes a conceptual trust-profiling framework???W3TF???which addresses issues of trust and user confidence through a range of new user-centred trust measures???trust categories, trust domains, transitivity of trust, fading factor analysis, standalone assessment, hyperlinked assessment and relevance assessment. While others now use the concept of transitivity of trust, it was first introduced by this research in 1998. The thesis also illustrates how W3TF can narrow the gap/disconnection between the hierarchical PKI trust environment and the horizontal Web referral environment. The framework incorporates existing measures of trust (such as Public Key Infrastructure), takes account of consumer perceptions by identifying trust attributes, and utilises Web technology (in the form of metadata), to create a practical, flexible and comprehensive approach to trust assessment. The versatility of the W3TF is demonstrated by applying it to a variety of cases from trust literature and to the hypothetical case study that provided the initial stimulus for this research. It is shown that the framework can be expanded to accommodate new trust attributes, categories and domains, and that trust can be ???weighed??? (and therefore evaluated) by using various mathematical formulae based on different theories and policies. The W3TF addresses identified needs, narrows the gaps in existing approaches and provides a mechanism to embrace current and future efforts in trust management. The framework is a generic form of trust assessment that can help build user confidence in an eCommerce environment. For service providers, it offers an incentive to create websites with a high number of desired trust attributes. For consumers, it enables more reliable judgments to be made. Hence, Web trust can be enhanced.

現今由政府所主導土地開發，常因開發方式的僵固化而造成公平與效率的爭議，本研究的目的即在於尋找另一種新的土地開發方式──浮動開發，希望能有效地解決爭議而達成開發目標，並以南二高交流道特定區開發為例，模擬浮動開發之運作模式，使其能落實應用。 　　本研究首先探討現行國內土地開發方式的優缺點及比較國外彈性土地開發方式之功能目的，期望能從中找適合國內的開發模式。結果本研究採用浮動分區(Floating Zone)為主要依據，配合現實環境，研擬出二階段浮動開發模式及運作流程，並以理性預期理論及獨占理論來說明浮動開發的立論依據，進而探討其特性及限制面，同時與現行土地開發方式作一比較。 　　另外，浮動開發的基礎在於協商的運作，因此本研究從協商的基本意義及目的作探討，並針對土地開發協商，尋找國內外範例來分析其優缺點及運作情形，進而建立二階段二部分之浮動開發的協商模式。 　　在模擬應用浮動開發於交流道特定區時，首先進行交流道特定區的特性分析，並以中山高交流道特定區的開發情形作檢討，而認為其開發成果並不理想，實因受限於土地開發的不合理性，因此南二高新市交流道特定區的開發，採取本研究之浮動開發方式來模擬運作，評選出四處浮動區位來協商開發。 　　為了解專家學者對浮動開發方式之意見，本研究以層級分析法(AHP)來對浮動開發與協商作專家學者的問卷實證。首先對浮動開發及協商之特性與策略作出層級設計，選出三十位專家學者作答，其綜合結果如下： 　　1.浮動開發為較為公平的土地開發方式，而效率也能在整體運作下達到成果。 　　2.協商的運作應是可行且公平的，但效率的達成則較差，而法令制度的建立被視為運作上最重要的依據。 　　綜合以上之分析，本研究之結論及建議如下： 　　1.浮動開發先期作業長，應用上應及早規劃。 　　2.應有一套合理鑑價制度，使權益分配更合理。 　　3.應用於交流道特定區時，建議將交流道與特定區一同規劃浮動。 　　4.為使協商運作順利，應籌組公正的仲裁機構。 　　5.及早培養協商人才，以利協商的進行。 　　6.可建立政府間的協商管道，使中央與地方共享開發成果。 / The land development led by the government often causes the issues of fairness and efficiency by inflexible development methods. The purpose of this thesis is to propose a new land development approach-floating development-to effectively solve the problems and achieve the goal of land development. This thesis takes the special district areas of the South Second Highway Interchange as examples to study the feasible of floating development. 　　First, this thesis considers the pros and cons of the domestic land development methods and compares with the function and goal of foreign flexible land development methods. Moreover, according to the Floating Zoning and the current environment, this thesis offers a two-stage floating development and an operating process, explains the floating development mode by monopoly theory and rational expectation theory, examines its characteristic and limitation, and compares with current land development methods. 　　In addition, the floating development approach bases on negotiation, therefore, this thesis examines the definition and the aim of negotiation. Moreover, this thesis focuses on land developing negotiation to analyze its pros and cons and operation and to build the negotiating mode of a two-stage floating development approach. 　　Applying the floating development to the interchange special district area, this thesis first analyzes the characteristics of the interchange special district areas of the Chug-Shane Highway, and finds that it is not successful resulted from the irrational land development. Therefore, this thesis takes Shin-Shih interchange special district area of the South Second Highway for example to examine the floating development method and to screen out four floating locations for development and negotiation. 　　In order to study the experts' and scholars' opinions on floating development method, this thesis adopts the AHP (Analysis Hierarchy Process) to survey the floating development and negotiation. This thesis designs goals and strategies of floating development and negotiation, and selects 30 experts and scholars to answer an AHP questionnaire. The results are as follows: 　　1.The floating development is fair and more effective. 　　2.The operation of negotiation is workable and fair, however, is lack of efficiency. Establishing disagrees and regulations is regarded as the most important reference of operation. 　　According to the above analyses, this thesis concludes and suggests: 　　1.It takes long time to prepare the floating development, therefore, it should be designed and planned earlier before applying. 　　2.We should develop a reasonable evaluating system to make the distribution of benefits more reasonable. 　　3.When applying floating development to the interchange special district area, it would be better to plan floating interchanges and floating special district areas together. 　　4.To operate negotiation fluently, establishing appropriate arbitration institution is suggested. 　　5.Cultivating professional negotiators earlier will be helpful to negotiation process. 　　6.Building the negotiation channel among governments will benefit both central and local governments.

中山高速公路交流道鄰近地區多劃設為交流道特定區，交流道特定區具備維持交流道運輸和保持附近聚落都市生活品質雙重功能。而根據交流道區域特性與土地使用組合的不同，劃分交流道特定區為發展型、帶動發展型、輔助發展型與管制型。本研究以麻豆（帶動發展型）和永康（發展型）交流道特定區為研究範圍，探究交流道地區居民對生活環境品質之態度。 　　影響生活環境品質的因素很多，本研究探討土地使用對生活環境品質的影響，以社會心理學方法衡量居民對生活環境品質的滿意度，進一步比較分析交流道地區居民對交流道區內和區間生活環境品質的評價和滿意度，並在考慮居民基本屬性（性別、職業、教育、年齡、所得）下，探討不同類型交流道特定區是否影響居民之生活環境品質態度。 　　綜合本研究之分析得到以下之結論： 　　一、交流道地區居民對住宅內部環境之滿意度高於對住宅外部環境之滿意度。 　　二、交流道地區居民對交流道地區間之生活環境品質的認知和滿意程度是相同的，對交流道地區內之生活環境品質的認知和滿意程度有差異。 　　三、在考慮居民的基本屬性下，不同類型交流道特定區之土地使用會影響居民生活環境品質態度之形成。 　　根據研究結論提出下列建議： 　　一、改善交流道地區的生活環境品質，應著重在交流道地區內，如鄰里公共設施之興闢。 　　二、影響交流道地區生活環境品質之因素多與車輛交通有關，所以提升交流道特定區生活環境品質之方法，是以交通運輸網路配合居住聚落之配置。 　　三、本研究假設影響居民生活環境品質態度形成之因素為土地使用與居民基本屬性，是否還有其他影響之因素，可做進一步之分析。

published_or_final_version / Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering / Master / Master of Philosophy

Οι σύγχρονες κοινωνίες αποτελούν δυναμικά συστήματα μεγάλης πολυπλοκότητας. Η συμπεριφορά των υποκειμένων που ανήκουν σε αυτές είναι αδύνατο να περιγραφεί με απλούς ορθολογιστικούς κανόνες. Προσεγγίζεται πολύπλευρα και από διαφορετικά αφετηριακά σημεία. Αντικείμενο ενδελεχούς μελέτης στη σημερινή εποχή, που χαρακτηρίζεται ως «εποχή της αφθονίας», αποτελεί η συμπεριφορά του υποκειμένου ως υποκειμένου-καταναλωτή. H παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία αποτελεί μια προσπάθεια επέκτασης της μαθηματικής μοντελοποίησης της συμπεριφοράς του καταναλωτή με την προσθήκη της ψυχομετρικής διάστασης του τελευταίου και των εξωτερικών παραμέτρων που διαμορφώνουν τη συμπεριφορά του. Με γνώμονα τη σημερινή εποχή γίνεται ιδιαίτερη αναφορά στην αλληλεπίδραση του καταναλωτή με τη διαφήμιση, και προτείνονται τρόποι προστασίας του στο σύγχρονο ανταγωνιστικό περιβάλλον, ενώ τέλος αναλύεται μια ειδική περίπτωση καταναλωτικής συμπεριφοράς που σχετίζεται με την ηλεκτρονική διακίνηση αγαθών. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, αρχικά διερευνάται η σημασία της μελέτης της συμπεριφοράς του καταναλωτή και παρουσιάζεται ένα πρότυπο συμπεριφοράς. Εν συνεχεία, διατυπώνεται με πληρότητα το μαθηματικό μοντέλο για τη «Θεωρία Καταναλωτή», ώστε να κατανοηθούν πλήρως τα πλαίσια στα οποία κινείται αυτή η εργασία, ενώ παρατίθενται παραδείγματα αυτής της εφαρμογής. Κατόπιν, αναλύεται η θεωρία της συμπεριφοράς του καταναλωτή και ακολουθεί μια μελέτη πάνω στη διαφήμιση και στην αλληλεπίδραση του καταναλωτή με αυτή. Στη συνέχεια τονίζεται η ισχύς του πολίτη-καταναλωτή μέσα από το πρίσμα, τόσο των επιλογών, όσο και των δικαιωμάτων του. Ύστερα, γίνεται αναφορά στην ανάπτυξη του ηλεκτρονικού εμπορίου και στην αλληλεπίδραση του με τον καταναλωτή και τα διαφορετικά οφέλη που μπορεί να αποκομίσει από αυτό. Τέλος, γίνεται μια επισκόπηση των πληροφοριών και των συμπερασμάτων της παρούσας εργασίας. / Modern societies are dynamic systems of big complexity. The behavior of the subjects can not de described by deterministic rule and is approached from different points of view. Nowadays, the attitude of the consumer is the subject of extensive study. The current master thesis is an extension of the mathematical model of Customer’s Attitude by adding the psychometric dimension of the latter and the external stimulis that define his attitude. The subject of customer with publicity is extensively commented and methods of protection of the customer are presented. Finally, a special case study concerning the customer’s attitude as far as the electronical interchange is concerned is given. First of all the importance of studying the Customer’s Attitude is presented and a model of behavior follows. The mathematical model of its attitude is defined in order to understand in detail the background of this study. Examples of this application are given. The theory of customer’s attitude is analyzed and a study in publicity and the interaction with the customer follows. The power of the customer-citizen is analyzed as far as his rights and choices are concerned. Special reference is made at the development of electronic commerce and the interaction with the customer and the different benefits for the customer are commented. Finally, a review of the conclusions of this study is made.

The growth of eCommerce is being hampered by a lack of trust between providers and consumers of Web-based services. While Web trust issues have been addressed by researchers in many disciplines, a comprehensive approach has yet to be established. This thesis proposes a conceptual trust-profiling framework???W3TF???which addresses issues of trust and user confidence through a range of new user-centred trust measures???trust categories, trust domains, transitivity of trust, fading factor analysis, standalone assessment, hyperlinked assessment and relevance assessment. While others now use the concept of transitivity of trust, it was first introduced by this research in 1998. The thesis also illustrates how W3TF can narrow the gap/disconnection between the hierarchical PKI trust environment and the horizontal Web referral environment. The framework incorporates existing measures of trust (such as Public Key Infrastructure), takes account of consumer perceptions by identifying trust attributes, and utilises Web technology (in the form of metadata), to create a practical, flexible and comprehensive approach to trust assessment. The versatility of the W3TF is demonstrated by applying it to a variety of cases from trust literature and to the hypothetical case study that provided the initial stimulus for this research. It is shown that the framework can be expanded to accommodate new trust attributes, categories and domains, and that trust can be ???weighed??? (and therefore evaluated) by using various mathematical formulae based on different theories and policies. The W3TF addresses identified needs, narrows the gaps in existing approaches and provides a mechanism to embrace current and future efforts in trust management. The framework is a generic form of trust assessment that can help build user confidence in an eCommerce environment. For service providers, it offers an incentive to create websites with a high number of desired trust attributes. For consumers, it enables more reliable judgments to be made. Hence, Web trust can be enhanced.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:03:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao poliana paula nascimento.pdf: 3745799 bytes, checksum: 3d668e197266750a56c400714f13762a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-11 / Many problems involving cases of ruins of buildings, bridges, etc., specifically ruin of columns, which are among the most important links in the whole structure, due to project flaw, bad execution or even for the evolution and changing habits. Therefore it has been of fundamental importance researches on the experimental behavior of structures. When conducting a strengthening column using dry with increased self-compacting concrete, it has the drawback of a sudden rupture by peeling the reinforcement. For this, there is a need to study the area of adhesion between substrate and to strengthen and create a way of preparation of this interface area so that the column increases may come into ruin in a ductile flexural as well as in a monolithic column. Thus, it s been developed an experimental study in the School of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Goias, based on analysis of the breaking loads, lateral displacements and deformations of the column of materials for different ways of preparing the surface of the column to be strengthened. The experimental phase of this work was based on testing of nine reinforced concrete columns, which are tested under flexural compression, with eccentricity of 60 mm. Two columns were used as reference columns, one with the original dimensions of the column and the other monolithic concreted in the thickness of a sin reinforced the others received a layer of 35 mm thick concrete selfcompacting in the compressed face. For preparation of the interchange between the two materials, it was proceeded with the scarification and the realization of grooves along this surface, where inserted connectors attached to transverse reinforcement of the columns, varying the position and quantity of the same. It can be concluded that not only quantity, but mainly the location of connectors used in the connection between the substrate and reinforcement, is essential for a good result of resistance and rupture mode. Must be observed a minimum spacing between the connectors strengthening to ensure a more monolithic unit, enabling a ductile rupture occurred as the reference column / Muitos são os problemas envolvendo casos de ruína de edifícios, pontes etc, especificamente ruína de pilares, que são uns dos elos mais importantes do conjunto estrutural, por falha de projeto, de execução ou ainda, pela evolução e alteração de hábitos. Por isso tem sido de fundamental importância as pesquisas que abordam o comportamento experimental das estruturas. Ao se realizar um reforço de pilar utilizando-se aumento de seção com concreto auto-adensável, tem-se o inconveniente de uma ruptura brusca por desplacamento do reforço. Para tanto, verifica-se a necessidade de estudar a zona de aderência entre substrato e reforço e criar um modo de preparo desta zona de interface de modo que o pilar reforçado possa entrar em ruína de forma dúctil por flexão, assim como acontece em um pilar monolítico. Assim, desenvolveu-se um estudo experimental na Escola de Engenharia Civil da Universidade Federal de Goiás, baseado na análise de cargas de ruptura, deslocamentos laterais dos pilares e deformações dos materiais para diferentes formas de preparo da superfície do pilar a ser reforçado.A etapa experimental deste trabalho baseou-se no ensaio de nove pilares de concreto armado, sendo estes ensaiados à flexo-compressão reta, com excentricidade de 60 mm. Dois pilares foram usados como pilares de referência, sendo um com as dimensões originais do pilar e o outro monolítico concretado na espessura de um peça reforçada, os demais receberam uma camada de 35 mm de espessura de concreto auto-adensável na face comprimida. Para preparo da zona de interface entre os dois materiais, procedeu-se com a escarificação e a realização de sulcos ao longo desta superfície, onde foram inseridos conectores ligados a armadura transversal do pilar, variando-se a posição e a quantidade dos mesmos. Pode-se concluir que não só a quantidade, mas principalmente, a localização dos conectores utilizados na ligação entre substrato e reforço, são imprescindíveis para um bom resultado de resistência e modo de ruptura. Sendo necessário respeitar um espaçamento mínimo entre os conectores do reforço para se garantir um trabalho mais monolítico da peça, possibilitando uma ruptura dúctil como a ocorrida nos pilares de referência

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Esta tese apresenta uma pesquisa qualitativa sobre os processos educativos gerados na busca pela convivÃncia com o semiÃrido brasileiro- SAB. A proposta de convivÃncia com o SAB aponta o fracasso da lÃgica de combate à seca, como meio de fixar e integrar o SAB no contexto da NaÃÃo. Nela, o processo de rejeiÃÃo ao ecossistema presente na lÃgica do combate à seca, vem a ser substituÃdo por uma postura crÃtica de compreensÃo, com base numa relaÃÃo de respeito Ãs coisas, pelo que elas sÃo, pelo que possuem de intrÃnseco e que tenta e quer aprender e apreender a sua lÃgica interna. Portanto, parte-se do pressuposto de que Ã, alÃm de possÃvel, conveniente e pertinente conviver com a seca e com o SAB, atravÃs de vivÃncias e de prÃticas solidÃrias de educaÃÃo. E, embora haja o reconhecimento de que a proposta de convivÃncia nÃo esteja pronta, existe uma ideia do conjunto dos elementos que a compÃem e do sentido que compreende a proposta, cujo elemento fundante reside na unidade entre humanidade e natureza, explicitando a centralidade da relaÃÃo com a natureza como elemento organizador da vida social e de todo a sociabilidade no SAB. A educaÃÃo à considerada o elemento central e estruturante da proposta de convivÃncia com o SAB, em funÃÃo do seu alcance e poder de difusÃo ideolÃgico e cultural, que permite trabalhar a mudanÃa de leitura de mundo, de valores e de ideias de representaÃÃo social da natureza dominante. Paulo Freire nos lembra que se a educaÃÃo nÃo pode tudo, porÃm sem ela nÃo dà para pensar uma nova sociedade justa e equÃnime. E, se a escola ainda reproduz uma visÃo do SAB, apresentando-o como lugar inviÃvel, com precÃrias condiÃÃes de vida, ressaltando os preconceitos e os estereÃtipos em torno dele e de quem nele vive, ela Ã, tambÃm, um espaÃo privilegiado e lÃcus de construÃÃo do conhecimento. Pelo alcance que possui, pode propiciar uma reflexÃo no e sobre o universo escolar, que viabilize um novo diÃlogo sobre a relaÃÃo humanidade-natureza, tecendo, junto, o fio do novo paradigma para aprender, reaprender a viver e conviver no SAB. A pesquisa objetivou compreender como o projeto polÃtico pedagÃgico da Escola FamÃlia AgrÃcola Dom Fragoso, localizada no municÃpio de IndependÃncia, relaciona e incorpora os princÃpios e os fundamentos da proposta de convivÃncia com o semiÃrido da ArticulaÃÃo no SemiÃrido Brasileiro â ASA, na contextualizaÃÃo dos seus processos e prÃticas educativas. A experiÃncia educativa da Escola vem promovendo a ampliaÃÃo do espaÃo pÃblico para o debate polÃtico sobre a convivÃncia com o semiÃrido e a contextualizaÃÃo da educaÃÃo dentro dos princÃpios da pedagogia da convivÃncia com o SAB. A anÃlise dos resultados nos revela que os/as estudantes da EFA Dom Fragoso levam os saberes sobre a convivÃncia como uma dÃdiva a ser transportada, que, ao migrar, se espalha, vai para as escolas pÃblicas do campo, da cidade, vai para as comunidades, invade os sindicatos rurais, ocupa novos espaÃos e participa como um dos protagonistas da grande rede de relaÃÃes e de sociabilidade presentes, atualmente, no SAB. O semiÃrido pode ser interpretado como o lugar de todos nÃs, humanos e nÃo humanos, que habitamos o planeta Terra. A sua singularidade pode ser lida como uma metÃfora para se pensar um mundo novo, uma terra prometida e uma humanidade nova cujo trabalho da educaÃÃo e da pedagogia da convivÃncia nos leva a crer num futuro para esse forte, adorÃvel e velho planeta, desde que se consagre a celebraÃÃo do Contrato Natural. / This thesis presents a qualitative research about the educational processes generated on the search for coexistence with Brazilian semiarid â SAB. The proposal of coexisting with SAB points out the failure of the fighting dry climate logic as a way of fixating and integrating SAB in the context of the nation. In it, the process of rejection to the present ecosystem on the fighting dry climate logic gets replaced by a critical stand of comprehension, based on a relation of respect for things for what they are, for what they have of intrinsic that attempts to capture its internal logic. Therefore, it is assumed that it is possible, convenient and pertinent to live with dry climate and SAB, through experiences and solidarity practices of education. And, even thought it is recognized that the proposal of coexistence is not ready, there is an idea of the set of elements that compose it and of the meaning that conceive the proposal, which founding element lies on unity between mankind and nature, showing the centrality of the relation with nature as element that organizes social life and all sociability at SAB. Education is considerer the main and structuring element of the proposal of coexisting with SAB, because of its reach and power of ideological and cultural diffusion, which allows working the change of reading of the world, of values and of ideas of social representation of the dominant nature. Paulo Freire reminds us that education canât do everything, however, without it, a new fair and unanimous society cannot be conceived. And if school stills reproduces a vision of SAB, presenting it as an unviable place with precarious live conditions, highlighting the prejudice and stereotypes around it and those who live in it, it also is a privileged place and locus of construction of knowledge. By the reach that it possesses, it could propitiate a reflection at and about the scholar universe, which makes possible a new dialogue about the relation mankind-nature, weaving along the thread of the new paradigm to learn, relearn to live and coexist at SAB. The research objectified to understand how the political pedagogical project of FamÃlia AgrÃcola Dom Fragoso School, located on the city of IndependÃncia, related and incorporates the principles and fundaments of the proposal of coexisting with semiarid from the Articulation at Brazilian Semiarid â ASA, in the contextualization of its processes and educational practices. The educational experience of the school have been promoting the enlargement of the public space for political debate about the coexistence with semiarid and the contextualization of education according to the principles of pedagogy of the coexistence with SAB. The analysis of the results shows us that the students of EFA Dom Fragoso carry the knowledge about the coexistence as a gift to be carried that, as it migrates, it spreads to the public schools of the country, of the city, goes to communities, invades rural syndicates, occupies new spaces and participates as a main character of the large net of relations and of sociability that are present currently on SAB. The semiarid may be interpreted as the place for us all, human and nonhuman, that inhabit planet Earth. Its uniqueness may be read as a metaphor to think a new world, a promised land and a new mankind, whose work of education and of pedagogy of the coexistence leads us to believing in a future for this strong, lovely and old planet, as long as it is sanctified the celebration of the Natural Contract.

Submitted by Evaldo Araújo (1107795@mackenzie.br) on 2016-05-12T23:23:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Isabelle Cristina Maciel de Brito Soares.pdf: 197042633 bytes, checksum: b1c9571c5aad8902f5e4727baadcc171 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-12T23:23:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Isabelle Cristina Maciel de Brito Soares.pdf: 197042633 bytes, checksum: b1c9571c5aad8902f5e4727baadcc171 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-10 / This academic dissertation proposes to answer the following question "How the quality of public spaces adjacent to transportation nodes can affect the movement of pedestrians in interchange between transport modes, especially metro/bus and train/bus?” The transport nodes are points in urban territory that concentrates and redistributes the travelers of the systems in different directions, and pedestrians are the protagonists of these exchanges that occurs when they use linear or open public spaces for interchange. Consolation/Paulista and Lapa focus upon centralities with significant concentration of employment and demand of transportation and located in the southwestern region of São Paulo. The city territory was developed by an urban model that neglected the importance of the human scale spaces to the detriment of the traffic of automobile. This reality contrasts with the current dynamic of globalization where the evolution of technology and multitude of activities cause effect on the regional and local scale and on the movement of pedestrians in urban areas. The gradual increase of the urban population, individualization of travels and the growth of walk trips require expansion of pedestrian mobility and quality of public spaces. The analysis of this dissertation is divided into two phases; first the analysis of the composition of public spaces and current conditions of its elements in the spaces around the nodes Consolation/Paulista and Lapa to then analyze the movement of pedestrians is presented through a method of observation of public spaces - extracted and adapted from Jan Gehl (2013) researches. The result of this research was to understand how microaccessibility in pedestrian circulation spaces are neglected. The methodology used is a potential tool for researchers and planners, and could be part of the urban planning process for the development of an appropriate urban design. Walking is not considered a transportation mode that integrates with the rest of the transport system and the low quality of interchange spaces impacts on pedestrian movement mainly because there’s no urban design for those specific spaces. The human scale becomes a priority in the planning of the contemporary city and the composition of the adjacent spaces to transport us has a central role in urban mobility and accessibility. / Esta Dissertação parte da seguinte pergunta “Como a qualidade dos espaços públicos, adjacentes aos nós de transportes, influenciam no movimento de pedestres e na sua interconexão com os modos de transporte, com destaque para metrô/ônibus e trem/ônibus?”. Os nós de transportes são pontos que concentram e redistribuem os usuários dos sistemas em diversas direções, sendo o pedestre o protagonista destas trocas ocorridas ao utilizar os espaços públicos lineares e abertos para fazer interconexão. Os estudos caso Consolação/Paulista e Lapa, localizam-se em centralidades com significativa concentração de emprego e demanda dos sistemas de transportes, situadas na região sudoeste de São Paulo. O município desenvolveu-se por meio de um modelo de cidade que negligenciou a importância da composição do espaço para o pedestre, em detrimento da circulação do automóvel. Essa realidade se contrapõe com as atuais dinâmicas de globalização, onde a evolução de tecnologia e multiplicidade de atividades causam efeito na escala regional, local e no movimento dos pedestres no meio urbano. O gradativo aumento da população urbana e viagens individuais e o crescimento dos índices de viagens a pé exigem ampliação da mobilidade peatonal e qualidade dos espaços comuns. A análise desta dissertação é dividida em duas fases; primeiramente foi feita a análise da composição dos espaços públicos e condições atuais de seus elementos no entorno dos nós Consolação/Paulista e Lapa para, então, analisar do movimento de pedestres por meio de um método de observação dos espaços públicos - extraído e adaptado dos estudos de Jan Gehl (2013). Por meio dos resultados desta pesquisa foi possível entender a negligência para com a microacessibilidade dos espaços de circulação pedonal. A metodologia desenvolvida é uma potencial ferramenta para pesquisadores e planejadores e deve fazer parte do processo de planejamento urbano para a elaboração de um desenho urbano adequado. A falta de integração do modal Andar a Pé com o resto do sistema de transporte prejudica o movimento de pedestres no espaço público principalmente pela falta de um desenho urbano. A escala humana torna-se prioritária no planejamento da cidade contemporânea e a composição dos espaços adjacentes aos nós de transportes tem um papel central à mobilidade urbana e acessibilidade.

This Master’s Thesis examines and documents challenges related to the flexible interchange of web services within a cross-cloud Service Oriented Computing scenario (SOC).Starting with a theoretical approach, hypotheses are defined and processed to create testing scenarios for a practical examination. Both examinations are used to identify possible challenges. Next, encountered challenges are described, discussed and classified. Lastly, solution approaches to identified challenges are presented. The solution approaches concern related topics, such as service standardization, semantic methods, heuristics, and security/trust mechanisms. Several approaches to different challenges are reviewed in this particular context, to present an overview for future research on the subject.It is remarkable that there will be more service standardization in the future, but to achieve full automation it will be, on the long run, necessary to evolve and adopt more sophisticated solution approaches such as semantic methods or heuristics.This work is embedded into the framework of a research co-operation between the Linnaeus University Växjö and the University of Applied Sciences Karlsruhe. Results however are also applicable to other research scenarios.