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L'autonomie responsable des personnes agées / The Responsible Autonomy of the ElderlyRobichaud, Anne 18 June 2013 (has links)
Dans nos pays occidentaux, les spécialistes de la question du vieillissement avancent que l'un des paradoxes du discours contemporain privilégiant d'une part, l'autonomie et d'autre part, le maintien de la dépendance des personnes âgées, s'avère fort préjudiciable à cette population.Si tous parlent d'autonomie peu évoquent la responsabilité. Pourtant, l'homme apparaît comme le sujet moral qui doit répondre de ses actions. car la véritable expérience de la responsabilité exige de réunir concrètement deux relations fondamentales: la responsabilité pour son agir propre et la responsabilité pour le monde. L'autonomie responsable des personnes âgées est donc tributaire de deux facteurs importants: la personne elle-même et la société dans laquelle elle vit. Si la résilience est une condition qui relève directement de la personne, la créativité dépend tout autant du talent personnel que des conditions dans lesquelles la société met à la disposition de la personne pour se réaliser.D'où l'intérêt grandissant vers l'éthique qui d'une part, impose une vision participative de l'autonomie c'est-à-dire une vision qui renforce le lien social et refuse l'assistance; d'autre part, le développement d'une démarche qui réalise les conditions de cette autonomie responsable en amorçant un processus d'éducation tout au long de la vie. C'est ce qu'a bien compris l'un des philosophes du vingtième siècle, Hans Jonas, qui a précisé sous le nom de principe responsabilité, une règle d'éthique à laquelle on ne saurait s'opposer.C'est donc dans cette optique que nous essayons de voir s'il est encore possible de maintenir chez les personnes âgées vivant dans nos sociétés, une autonomie responsable. / In our countries of the West, the fact that experts in the matter of aging put forth the idea that one of the paradoxes of the present debate, on the one hand, promoting the preservation of autonomy and, on the other, keeping the elderly dependent, proves to be most detrimental to this part of the population.While many speak of autonomy, few promote responsibility. Still, man appears to be, as it were, the moral subject who, must be accountable for his actions, for the true experience of responsibility requires that two fundamental relationships come together in reality: responsibility for one’s own deeds and responsibility to the world.Responsible autonomy of the elderly flows therefore from two important elements: the person and the society in which the person lives. If resilience is a condition that is a direct trait of the person, creativity depends as much on the personal talent as on the conditions which society makes available to the person to be fulfilled.Hence, the growing interest in the ethics which, on the one hand, imposes a participating vision of the autonomy, that is, a vision that reaffirms the social bond and rejects assistance: on the other hand, the development of an initiative that fulfills the conditions of this responsible autonomy by preparing a process of education all through his life. This is what one of the philosophers of the twentieth century understood so well, Hans Jonas, who stated precisely under the name of principle of responsibility, a rule of ethics which we cannot oppose. It is therefore from this point of view that we strive to see if it is still possible to maintain a responsible autonomy in the elderly persons living in our society.
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[en] CONSTRUCTION OF ADOPTIVE PARENTHOOD IN SINGLE-PARENT FAMILIES / [pt] CONSTRUÇÃO DA PARENTALIDADE ADOTIVA EM FAMÍLIAS MONOPARENTAISSIBELY JOAQUINA PEREIRA LIMA 09 April 2024 (has links)
[pt] Esta tese investiga a construção da parentalidade em famílias adotivas
monoparentais. Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, na qual foram
entrevistados nove mulheres e três homens com idades entre 38 e 61 anos dos
extratos socioeconômicos médios de quatro cidades brasileiras que adotaram
crianças há mais de dois anos. Os resultados foram analisados segundo o método
de análise de conteúdo em sua vertente categorial. Das análises realizadas
emergiram nove categorias: além da infertilidade, motivações para o perfil,
motivações emocionais profundas, reações iniciais da criança, sentimentos de
perda e luto da criança, articulação de duas histórias, questões inter-raciais,
narrativas da filiação adotiva, e transmissão da história das origens. Os
resultados e suas análises são apresentados em quatro artigos. No primeiro,
investigam-se as motivações na transição para a monoparentalidade adotiva. Os
dados indicam que a ausência de um parceiro ou a falta de interesse em dividir a
parentalidade ocupa um lugar central; as motivações para o perfil da criança se
transformam por meio de um processo de releitura do desejo, mas também
recebem a influência dos profissionais envolvidos na adoção. No segundo artigo
investigam-se os impactos da adoção na construção da parentalidade. Constata-se
que as experiências pregressas e os sentimentos de perda e luto da criança
constituem os principais impactos. No terceiro artigo, investiga-se a transmissão
geracional na construção da parentalidade. Os processos identificatórios e afetivos
estão em primeiro plano e a história pessoal com os pais é articulada à da criança
como meio para que ela elabore sua história adotiva. O quarto artigo investiga a
transmissão geracional da história da criança. Constata-se que as crianças
necessitam conciliar sua história atual com as suas origens; os pais devem levar
em conta a curiosidade da criança e sua capacidade de absorver informações,
confiar no vínculo estabelecido com os filhos e redefinir verdades traumáticas em
um trabalho psíquico conjunto.
Conclui-se que a construção da parentalidade adotiva em famílias
monoparentais apresentou-se marcada por motivações que se diferenciam
daquelas dos casais, caracterizando-se pela configuração do desejo de
parentalidade em fase tardia da vida, com o predomínio de processos
identificatórios e do desejo de transmitir. As motivações para o perfil da criança
se renovam em um processo de releitura do desejo. Emergiram como principais
impactos da adoção as reações iniciais da criança, percebidas de forma diferente
entre adotantes masculinos e femininos, abrindo uma discussão sobre o contexto
social que coloca o bem-estar infantil centrado na mulher. Adicionalmente, os
sentimentos de perda e luto da criança desafiam os pais a lidarem com seus
próprios sentimentos e as ambiguidades da adoção, e a desenvolverem uma
abertura quanto aos sentimentos dos filhos. A transmissão intergeracional no
grupo pesquisado é marcada por rupturas com o modelo biparental de família,
com a homogeneidade racial intrafamiliar e com a família biológica da criança.
As experiências individuais com os pais ganham intensidade, não recebendo a
influência da parentalidade de um parceiro. O trabalho psíquico de inscrição da
criança em uma genealogia não é afetado pelas hesitações próprias das famílias
com casais. As diferenças inter-raciais ganham visibilidade em se tratando de
famílias com uma única linha genealógica, observando-se o valor da rede de laços
da família por propiciar identificações, favorecendo a construção de uma
identidade racial positiva. As adoções inter-raciais promovem a experiência da
alteridade racial, que transforma os valores familiares de uma geração à outra,
tornando a parentalidade um lugar privilegiado de (re)socialização racial. A
transmissão da história das origens revela-se altamente desafiadora, porém
essencial para a constituição identitária da criança adotada e para a consolidação
da parentalidade adotiva. No que tange às crianças menores, observa-se o valor de
diferentes tipos de narrativas e da comunicação não verbal. / [en] This thesis investigates the construction of parenthood in single-parent adoptive families. A qualitative research was carried out, in which nine women and three men aged between 38 and 61 years old from the average socio economic strata of four Brazilian cities that adopted children more than two years ago, were interviewed. The results were analyzed according to the content analysis method in its categorical aspect. From this analysis, nine categories emerged: in additionto infertility, motivations for the profile, deep emotional motivations, child s initial reactions, feelings of loss and grief of the child, articulation of two stories, interracial issues, narratives of adoptive affiliation, and transmission of the storyof origins. The results and their analyzes are presented in four articles. In the first,motivations in the transition to single adoptive parenthood are investigated. The data indicate that the absence of a partner or the lack of interest in sharing parenting occupies a central place; the motivations for the child s profile are transformed through a process of reinterpreting the desire, but they are also influenced by the professionals involved in the adoption. The second article investigates the impacts of adoption on the construction of parenthood. It appears that the child s previous experiences and feelings of loss and mourning constitute the main impacts. In the third article, generational transmission in the construction of parenthood is investigated. The identification and affective processes are in thefore ground and the personal history with the parents is articulated with that of the child as a means for them to elaborate their adoptive history. The fourth article investigates the generational transmission of the child s story. It appears that children need to reconcile their current history with their origins; parents musttake into account the child s curiosity and their ability to absorb information, trust the bond established with their children and redefine traumatic truths in joint psychic work. It is concluded that the construction of adoptive parenthood insingle-parent families was marked by motivations that differ from those of couples, characterized by the configuration of the desire for parenthood at a later stage of life, with the predominance of identification processes and the desire to transmit. The motivations for the child s profile are renewed in a process of reinterpreting the desire. The child s initial reactions emerged as the main impacts of adoption, perceived differently between male and female adopters, opening a discussion about the social context that places child well-being centered on women. Additionally, the child s feelings of loss and grief challenge parents todeal with their own feelings and the ambiguities of adoption, and to develop openness regarding their children s feelings. Intergenerational transmission in the researched group is marked by ruptures with the two-parent family model, with intra-family racial homogeneity and with the child s biological family. Individual experiences with parents gain intensity, not being influenced by a partner sparenting. The psychic work of enrolling the child in a genealogy is not affected by the hesitations typical of families with married couples. Interracial differences gain visibility in the case of families with a single genealogical line, observing the value of the family s network of ties in providing identification, favoring the construction of a positive racial identity. Interracial adoptions promote the experience of racial otherness, which transforms family values from one generation to the next, making parenting a privileged place for racial(re)socialization. The transmission of the story of origins proves to be highly challenging, but essential for the constitution of the adopted child s identity and for the consolidation of adoptive parenthood. Regarding younger children, the value of different types of narratives and non-verbal communication is observed.
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Arteterapia e o relacionamento entre netos-adolescentes e avós-idosos em oficinas artísticas terapêuticas / Arteterapia e o relacionamento entre netos-adolescentes e avós-idosos em oficinas artísticas terapêuticas / Grandparents and grandchildren relationship through therapeutic artistic workshops and art therapy / Grandparents and grandchildren relationship through therapeutic artistic workshops and art therapySperling, Ronald Horst 14 March 2007 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2007-03-14 / This study treats about the intergeneration relationship between
grandparents and teenager grandsons, having as a general objective, understand by
doing therapeutic art, the way it promotes the intergeneration relationship, as examine
the intergenerational relationship aspects, as an expression of the human being and it
brings in a tangier way the observations about the behaviors witch occur in the artistic
therapeutic classes, done with five teenager of a fundamental school in Sao Paulo and
their three grandparents.
The work of collecting data was developed, mainly, by eight meetings
where artistic works were done using several kinds of plastic material for express in
different languages.
By the observations made by the participants reports of the living
experiences, results were detained it points the idea that doing art has a dinamyzer
element of actions that allows the evaluation of the moment of life and the personal
relation and then understand your being.
The collected material were analyzed and some points were relevant: the
intergeneration relationship, many times, is more harmonic than we thought it would
be; the grandparents, are open to new ways of learning, instead of we thought to do;
the careful art therapeutic look can be an useful tool, to be used daily by the teachers
on their work / Este estudo trata da relação intergeracional entre avós-idosos e seus netosadolescentes,
tendo como objetivo geral, tanto, compreender, por meio do fazer
arteterapêutico, como se promove o relacionamento intergeracional, e examinar
aspectos do relacionamento intergeracional como expressão do ser humano. Procurar
trazer de forma tangível e palpável as observações sobre os comportamentos que
ocorrem dentro das oficinas artísticas terapêuticas, realizadas com cinco adolescentes
de uma escola de ensino fundamental da cidade de São Paulo e seus três avós.
O trabalho de coleta de dados foi desenvolvido principalmente a partir de oito
encontros nos quais foram realizados trabalhos artísticos utilizando vários tipos de
materiais plásticos em diferentes linguagens expressivas.
Pelas observações feitas e relatos dos participantes a respeito das vivencias e
experiências, obtemos resultados que enfatizam a idéia de que o fazer artístico é
portador de elementos dinamizadores de ações que permitem ao sujeito aquilatar não
só seu momento de vida como seu relacionamento pessoal. A partir daí resignificar sua
existência.
Após análise do material coletado, levantamos alguns pontos relevantes: o
relacionamento intergeracional, muitas vezes, se dá de forma mais harmônica do que
supúnhamos ao iniciar a pesquisa. Os idosos, em grande parte, estão abertos a novos
aprendizados ao contrário do que pensávamos, e o fazer e o olhar cuidadoso
arteterapêutico podem ser ferramenta a ser utilizada cotidianamente pelos professores
em seu trabalho
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Mobilidade social e agricultura familiar no Brasil do século XXI / Mobilidade social e agricultura familiar no Brasil do século 21 / Mobilidade social e agricultura familiar no Brasil do século vinte umNeves, Jonas Anderson Simões das January 2013 (has links)
Considérant le contexte brésilien de la première décennie du XXI siècle, d’intense mobilité sociale, on cherche vérifier dans quelles mesures tels mouvements de mobilité se sont fait présents entre les jeunes agriculteurs familiaux, en délimitant comme champ empirique pour cet étude la commune de São Lourenço do Sul – RS. Ainsi, on étabilit comme objectif principal de cette thèse l’analyse les dynamiques de mobilité sociale entre les jeunes agriculteurs familiaux, à partir du plan des individus, en consideránt leurs families comme unités analytiques. On cherche, donc, dans les parcours intergénérationales parcourus par les families de ces jeunes, soit vérifier les mouvements des mobilités social qui ont eu lieu, soit comprendre les éléments qui ont contribué à sa concrétisation. Pour repérer la construction de cette thèse on se sert du référentiel théorique proposé par Archer (1998), a partir duquel la réalité sociale es conçue selon trois temporalités différents, interdépendantes entre soi, mais qui permettent l’analyse indépendante de chacune d’elles, en définissant comme contexte d’immersion sociale des jeunes – antérieur à l’action – aussi bien les mouvements de mobilité social qui ont eu lieu dans le pays pendant la première décennie du XXI siècle, au plan macro, que se parcours intergénérationnels, au plan micro ; en ce qui concerne la portée des interactions – simultanées à l’action – des différents types et formats de relations sociales établis par les acteurs ont été analysés, à l’intérieur et à l’exterieur des ses unités de production. Finalment, pour aborder la troisième temporalité, de l’élaboration des structures – en ce qui concerne le futur -, on s’est adressé aux projets des jeunes comme des anticipations présents d’un avenir désiré, bornés par l’interméde de la réflexivité. A fin de réaliser cette analyse les jeunes ont été séparés on trois groupes distincts, en observant que le point de repère principal pour la mobilité ascendante entre les jeunes de families plus aisées a été l’acquisition de propriétés ; entre les jeunes des familles moins aisées le principal aspect a été la croinssance des garçons ; puisqu’ils ajoutent la main d’oeuvre à la famile ; finalement, entre les jeunes de familles marginalisées on n’a pas remarqué des dynamiques significatives de mobilité, car les générations actuelles possèdent des conditions aussi précaries que les anteriéures. A la fin, on observe que, d’une façon géneral, les dynamiques de mobilité sociale ascendante que ont caractérisé le pays au cours de la première décennie du XXI siècle ont été également remarqués entre les familes des jeunes agriculteurs familiaux interviewés. / Considerando-se o contexto brasileiro da primeira década do século XXI, de intensa mobilidade social, busca-se verificar em que medida tais dinâmicas de mobilidade se fizeram presentes entre os jovens agricultores familiares, definindo-se como campo empírico para o estudo o município de São Lourenço do Sul – RS. Assim sendo, estabelece-se como objetivo principal da tese a análise das dinâmicas de mobilidade social entre os jovens agricultores familiares, a partir do plano dos indivíduos, tomandose as famílias dos jovens como unidade analítica. Busca-se, então, nas trajetórias intergeracionais percorridas pelas famílias dos jovens tanto verificar as dinâmicas de mobilidade social ocorridas quanto compreender os elementos que contribuíram com sua concretização. Para balizar a construção desta tese utiliza-se o referencial teórico proposto por Archer (1998), a partir do qual a realidade social é concebida a partir de três diferentes temporalidades, interdependentes entre si, mas que permitem a análise independente de cada uma delas, definindo-se como contexto de imersão social dos jovens – anterior à ação - tanto as dinâmicas de mobilidade social ocorridas no país durante a primeira década do século XXI, num plano macro, quanto suas trajetórias intergeracionais, em plano micro; já no âmbito das interações – simultâneas à ação – foram analisados os diferentes tipos e formatos de relações sociais estabelecidas pelos atores, no interior e exterior de suas unidades de produção. Finalmente, para tratar da terceira temporalidade, da elaboração das estruturas - referente ao futuro -, abordaramse os projetos dos jovens como antecipações presentes de um futuro desejado, mediados pela reflexividade. Para realizar a análise os jovens foram separados em três grupos distintos, observando-se que o marco principal para a mobilidade social ascendente entre os jovens de famílias mais capitalizadas foi a aquisição de propriedades; entre os jovens de famílias descapitalizadas o aspecto principal foi o crescimento dos filhos homens, que agregaram mais mão de obra à família; finalmente, entre os jovens de famílias marginalizadas, não se observaram dinâmicas significativas de mobilidade, pois as gerações atuais possuem condições tão precárias quanto as anteriores. Ao final, observa-se que, de um modo geral, as dinâmicas de mobilidade social ascendente que caracterizaram o país ao longo da primeira década do século XXI também foram observadas entre as famílias dos jovens agricultores familiares entrevistados. / Considering the Brazilian context of the first decade of this century, the intense social mobility, it seeks to ascertain to what extent such mobility dynamic were present among the young farmers, defining itself as the empirical field of the study the municipality of São Lourenço do Sul - RS. Therefore, establishing itself as the main objective of the thesis analyse the dynamics of social mobility among young farmers, from the plane of the individuals, taking the families of young people as analytical unit. Search, so, is the intergenerational trajectories traversed by families of young people both verify the dynamics of social mobility occurred as understanding the elements that contributed to its realization. To mark the construction of this thesis uses the theoretical framework proposed by Archer (1998), from which social reality is conceived from three different temporalities, interdependent, but which allow independent analysis of each of them, it defining itself as context for social embeddedness of youth - before the action - both the dynamics of social mobility occurred in the country during the first decade of this century, a macro level, as their intergenerational trajectories in micro level, already in the context of interactions - simultaneous action – was analyzed the different types and formats of social relations established by the actors, inside and outside of their production units. Finally, to treat the third temporality, of the elaboration of structures – relative to future – was approached projects of young people as gifts anticipations of a desired future, mediated by reflexivity. To perform the analysis, the young were separated into three groups, noting that the main landmark for upward social mobility among young of the capitalized families was the property acquisition; among young families without capital the main aspect was the growth sons, which added more manpower to the family, and finally among young of the marginalized families, there were no significant dynamic of the mobility, because the current generations have poor condition such as the previous ones. Finally, we observe that, in general, the dynamics of upward mobility that characterized the country during the first decade of this century were also observed among families of young farmers interviewed.
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Effects of governance on the sustainability and continuity of family businesses in BotswanaTadu, Ruramayi 04 1900 (has links)
Family businesses have become a topic of growing interest among scholars and policy makers
at both international and local levels, particularly given the sector’s contribution to the world
economies. The increasingly volatile employment climate that prevails in many African
settings today has increased the focus on small and medium enterprises as engines of
economic growth and employment creation, and Botswana is no exception. The majority of
family businesses are small to medium enterprises.
The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of governance structures and
systems on the sustainability and continuity of family-owned and controlled businesses in
Botswana. A study of this nature was important in view that some key sectors of the Botswana
economy are dominated by small and medium family businesses. Of concern is the lack of
continuity from one generation to the other among family businesses. Therefore, an
understanding of the family dynamics and family business governance systems is important
for managing the success and survival of the family business. Studies on small and medium
enterprises have been carried out in Botswana mostly focusing on their problems, but not on
their governance and sustainability. This was done using a cross-sectional research survey
design. The target population for the study comprised small and medium family-owned
businesses drawn from the manufacturing and professional services sectors and registered with
the Business Botswana and Local Enterprises Authority in 2017. A sample of 144 familyowned
businesses based in Gaborone and Francistown was polled.
Quantitative data for the research was collected using a questionnaire. The quantitative
research methodology adopted applied correlation and regression analysis, utilised Pearson
correlation tests and Levene’s independent sample tests were performed to measure the
relationships between five independent variables and the sustainability and continuity of
family businesses in Botswana. This research empirically tested five hypotheses relating to
governance factors that affect the sustainability and continuity of family businesses in
Botswana. The research findings support the notion that the presence of governance structures,
effective communication, decision-making, succession planning, and a vision, mission and
strategy have a positive effect on the sustainability and continuity of family businesses. This
research also established that small and medium family businesses face the same challenges as any other formation by ownership of non-family small and medium enterprises. Evidence is
also provided that the challenges faced by family businesses in Botswana do not differ
significantly with challenges faced by small and medium family businesses, with most
respondents citing a lack of funding as the major challenge. For small and medium enterprises
to continue playing their critical role in the economic development of Botswana, they need to
formalise and adopt systematic approaches to strategy formulation and implementation,
succession planning, governance structures and compliance. It is recommended that future
studies focus on developing systematic generic models and assist small and medium familyowned
businesses to implement and improve on their sustainability and continuity of
businesses in Botswana. / Business Management / D. Admin.
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Mobilidade social e agricultura familiar no Brasil do século XXI / Mobilidade social e agricultura familiar no Brasil do século 21 / Mobilidade social e agricultura familiar no Brasil do século vinte umNeves, Jonas Anderson Simões das January 2013 (has links)
Considérant le contexte brésilien de la première décennie du XXI siècle, d’intense mobilité sociale, on cherche vérifier dans quelles mesures tels mouvements de mobilité se sont fait présents entre les jeunes agriculteurs familiaux, en délimitant comme champ empirique pour cet étude la commune de São Lourenço do Sul – RS. Ainsi, on étabilit comme objectif principal de cette thèse l’analyse les dynamiques de mobilité sociale entre les jeunes agriculteurs familiaux, à partir du plan des individus, en consideránt leurs families comme unités analytiques. On cherche, donc, dans les parcours intergénérationales parcourus par les families de ces jeunes, soit vérifier les mouvements des mobilités social qui ont eu lieu, soit comprendre les éléments qui ont contribué à sa concrétisation. Pour repérer la construction de cette thèse on se sert du référentiel théorique proposé par Archer (1998), a partir duquel la réalité sociale es conçue selon trois temporalités différents, interdépendantes entre soi, mais qui permettent l’analyse indépendante de chacune d’elles, en définissant comme contexte d’immersion sociale des jeunes – antérieur à l’action – aussi bien les mouvements de mobilité social qui ont eu lieu dans le pays pendant la première décennie du XXI siècle, au plan macro, que se parcours intergénérationnels, au plan micro ; en ce qui concerne la portée des interactions – simultanées à l’action – des différents types et formats de relations sociales établis par les acteurs ont été analysés, à l’intérieur et à l’exterieur des ses unités de production. Finalment, pour aborder la troisième temporalité, de l’élaboration des structures – en ce qui concerne le futur -, on s’est adressé aux projets des jeunes comme des anticipations présents d’un avenir désiré, bornés par l’interméde de la réflexivité. A fin de réaliser cette analyse les jeunes ont été séparés on trois groupes distincts, en observant que le point de repère principal pour la mobilité ascendante entre les jeunes de families plus aisées a été l’acquisition de propriétés ; entre les jeunes des familles moins aisées le principal aspect a été la croinssance des garçons ; puisqu’ils ajoutent la main d’oeuvre à la famile ; finalement, entre les jeunes de familles marginalisées on n’a pas remarqué des dynamiques significatives de mobilité, car les générations actuelles possèdent des conditions aussi précaries que les anteriéures. A la fin, on observe que, d’une façon géneral, les dynamiques de mobilité sociale ascendante que ont caractérisé le pays au cours de la première décennie du XXI siècle ont été également remarqués entre les familes des jeunes agriculteurs familiaux interviewés. / Considerando-se o contexto brasileiro da primeira década do século XXI, de intensa mobilidade social, busca-se verificar em que medida tais dinâmicas de mobilidade se fizeram presentes entre os jovens agricultores familiares, definindo-se como campo empírico para o estudo o município de São Lourenço do Sul – RS. Assim sendo, estabelece-se como objetivo principal da tese a análise das dinâmicas de mobilidade social entre os jovens agricultores familiares, a partir do plano dos indivíduos, tomandose as famílias dos jovens como unidade analítica. Busca-se, então, nas trajetórias intergeracionais percorridas pelas famílias dos jovens tanto verificar as dinâmicas de mobilidade social ocorridas quanto compreender os elementos que contribuíram com sua concretização. Para balizar a construção desta tese utiliza-se o referencial teórico proposto por Archer (1998), a partir do qual a realidade social é concebida a partir de três diferentes temporalidades, interdependentes entre si, mas que permitem a análise independente de cada uma delas, definindo-se como contexto de imersão social dos jovens – anterior à ação - tanto as dinâmicas de mobilidade social ocorridas no país durante a primeira década do século XXI, num plano macro, quanto suas trajetórias intergeracionais, em plano micro; já no âmbito das interações – simultâneas à ação – foram analisados os diferentes tipos e formatos de relações sociais estabelecidas pelos atores, no interior e exterior de suas unidades de produção. Finalmente, para tratar da terceira temporalidade, da elaboração das estruturas - referente ao futuro -, abordaramse os projetos dos jovens como antecipações presentes de um futuro desejado, mediados pela reflexividade. Para realizar a análise os jovens foram separados em três grupos distintos, observando-se que o marco principal para a mobilidade social ascendente entre os jovens de famílias mais capitalizadas foi a aquisição de propriedades; entre os jovens de famílias descapitalizadas o aspecto principal foi o crescimento dos filhos homens, que agregaram mais mão de obra à família; finalmente, entre os jovens de famílias marginalizadas, não se observaram dinâmicas significativas de mobilidade, pois as gerações atuais possuem condições tão precárias quanto as anteriores. Ao final, observa-se que, de um modo geral, as dinâmicas de mobilidade social ascendente que caracterizaram o país ao longo da primeira década do século XXI também foram observadas entre as famílias dos jovens agricultores familiares entrevistados. / Considering the Brazilian context of the first decade of this century, the intense social mobility, it seeks to ascertain to what extent such mobility dynamic were present among the young farmers, defining itself as the empirical field of the study the municipality of São Lourenço do Sul - RS. Therefore, establishing itself as the main objective of the thesis analyse the dynamics of social mobility among young farmers, from the plane of the individuals, taking the families of young people as analytical unit. Search, so, is the intergenerational trajectories traversed by families of young people both verify the dynamics of social mobility occurred as understanding the elements that contributed to its realization. To mark the construction of this thesis uses the theoretical framework proposed by Archer (1998), from which social reality is conceived from three different temporalities, interdependent, but which allow independent analysis of each of them, it defining itself as context for social embeddedness of youth - before the action - both the dynamics of social mobility occurred in the country during the first decade of this century, a macro level, as their intergenerational trajectories in micro level, already in the context of interactions - simultaneous action – was analyzed the different types and formats of social relations established by the actors, inside and outside of their production units. Finally, to treat the third temporality, of the elaboration of structures – relative to future – was approached projects of young people as gifts anticipations of a desired future, mediated by reflexivity. To perform the analysis, the young were separated into three groups, noting that the main landmark for upward social mobility among young of the capitalized families was the property acquisition; among young families without capital the main aspect was the growth sons, which added more manpower to the family, and finally among young of the marginalized families, there were no significant dynamic of the mobility, because the current generations have poor condition such as the previous ones. Finally, we observe that, in general, the dynamics of upward mobility that characterized the country during the first decade of this century were also observed among families of young farmers interviewed.
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Mobilidade social e agricultura familiar no Brasil do século XXI / Mobilidade social e agricultura familiar no Brasil do século 21 / Mobilidade social e agricultura familiar no Brasil do século vinte umNeves, Jonas Anderson Simões das January 2013 (has links)
Considérant le contexte brésilien de la première décennie du XXI siècle, d’intense mobilité sociale, on cherche vérifier dans quelles mesures tels mouvements de mobilité se sont fait présents entre les jeunes agriculteurs familiaux, en délimitant comme champ empirique pour cet étude la commune de São Lourenço do Sul – RS. Ainsi, on étabilit comme objectif principal de cette thèse l’analyse les dynamiques de mobilité sociale entre les jeunes agriculteurs familiaux, à partir du plan des individus, en consideránt leurs families comme unités analytiques. On cherche, donc, dans les parcours intergénérationales parcourus par les families de ces jeunes, soit vérifier les mouvements des mobilités social qui ont eu lieu, soit comprendre les éléments qui ont contribué à sa concrétisation. Pour repérer la construction de cette thèse on se sert du référentiel théorique proposé par Archer (1998), a partir duquel la réalité sociale es conçue selon trois temporalités différents, interdépendantes entre soi, mais qui permettent l’analyse indépendante de chacune d’elles, en définissant comme contexte d’immersion sociale des jeunes – antérieur à l’action – aussi bien les mouvements de mobilité social qui ont eu lieu dans le pays pendant la première décennie du XXI siècle, au plan macro, que se parcours intergénérationnels, au plan micro ; en ce qui concerne la portée des interactions – simultanées à l’action – des différents types et formats de relations sociales établis par les acteurs ont été analysés, à l’intérieur et à l’exterieur des ses unités de production. Finalment, pour aborder la troisième temporalité, de l’élaboration des structures – en ce qui concerne le futur -, on s’est adressé aux projets des jeunes comme des anticipations présents d’un avenir désiré, bornés par l’interméde de la réflexivité. A fin de réaliser cette analyse les jeunes ont été séparés on trois groupes distincts, en observant que le point de repère principal pour la mobilité ascendante entre les jeunes de families plus aisées a été l’acquisition de propriétés ; entre les jeunes des familles moins aisées le principal aspect a été la croinssance des garçons ; puisqu’ils ajoutent la main d’oeuvre à la famile ; finalement, entre les jeunes de familles marginalisées on n’a pas remarqué des dynamiques significatives de mobilité, car les générations actuelles possèdent des conditions aussi précaries que les anteriéures. A la fin, on observe que, d’une façon géneral, les dynamiques de mobilité sociale ascendante que ont caractérisé le pays au cours de la première décennie du XXI siècle ont été également remarqués entre les familes des jeunes agriculteurs familiaux interviewés. / Considerando-se o contexto brasileiro da primeira década do século XXI, de intensa mobilidade social, busca-se verificar em que medida tais dinâmicas de mobilidade se fizeram presentes entre os jovens agricultores familiares, definindo-se como campo empírico para o estudo o município de São Lourenço do Sul – RS. Assim sendo, estabelece-se como objetivo principal da tese a análise das dinâmicas de mobilidade social entre os jovens agricultores familiares, a partir do plano dos indivíduos, tomandose as famílias dos jovens como unidade analítica. Busca-se, então, nas trajetórias intergeracionais percorridas pelas famílias dos jovens tanto verificar as dinâmicas de mobilidade social ocorridas quanto compreender os elementos que contribuíram com sua concretização. Para balizar a construção desta tese utiliza-se o referencial teórico proposto por Archer (1998), a partir do qual a realidade social é concebida a partir de três diferentes temporalidades, interdependentes entre si, mas que permitem a análise independente de cada uma delas, definindo-se como contexto de imersão social dos jovens – anterior à ação - tanto as dinâmicas de mobilidade social ocorridas no país durante a primeira década do século XXI, num plano macro, quanto suas trajetórias intergeracionais, em plano micro; já no âmbito das interações – simultâneas à ação – foram analisados os diferentes tipos e formatos de relações sociais estabelecidas pelos atores, no interior e exterior de suas unidades de produção. Finalmente, para tratar da terceira temporalidade, da elaboração das estruturas - referente ao futuro -, abordaramse os projetos dos jovens como antecipações presentes de um futuro desejado, mediados pela reflexividade. Para realizar a análise os jovens foram separados em três grupos distintos, observando-se que o marco principal para a mobilidade social ascendente entre os jovens de famílias mais capitalizadas foi a aquisição de propriedades; entre os jovens de famílias descapitalizadas o aspecto principal foi o crescimento dos filhos homens, que agregaram mais mão de obra à família; finalmente, entre os jovens de famílias marginalizadas, não se observaram dinâmicas significativas de mobilidade, pois as gerações atuais possuem condições tão precárias quanto as anteriores. Ao final, observa-se que, de um modo geral, as dinâmicas de mobilidade social ascendente que caracterizaram o país ao longo da primeira década do século XXI também foram observadas entre as famílias dos jovens agricultores familiares entrevistados. / Considering the Brazilian context of the first decade of this century, the intense social mobility, it seeks to ascertain to what extent such mobility dynamic were present among the young farmers, defining itself as the empirical field of the study the municipality of São Lourenço do Sul - RS. Therefore, establishing itself as the main objective of the thesis analyse the dynamics of social mobility among young farmers, from the plane of the individuals, taking the families of young people as analytical unit. Search, so, is the intergenerational trajectories traversed by families of young people both verify the dynamics of social mobility occurred as understanding the elements that contributed to its realization. To mark the construction of this thesis uses the theoretical framework proposed by Archer (1998), from which social reality is conceived from three different temporalities, interdependent, but which allow independent analysis of each of them, it defining itself as context for social embeddedness of youth - before the action - both the dynamics of social mobility occurred in the country during the first decade of this century, a macro level, as their intergenerational trajectories in micro level, already in the context of interactions - simultaneous action – was analyzed the different types and formats of social relations established by the actors, inside and outside of their production units. Finally, to treat the third temporality, of the elaboration of structures – relative to future – was approached projects of young people as gifts anticipations of a desired future, mediated by reflexivity. To perform the analysis, the young were separated into three groups, noting that the main landmark for upward social mobility among young of the capitalized families was the property acquisition; among young families without capital the main aspect was the growth sons, which added more manpower to the family, and finally among young of the marginalized families, there were no significant dynamic of the mobility, because the current generations have poor condition such as the previous ones. Finally, we observe that, in general, the dynamics of upward mobility that characterized the country during the first decade of this century were also observed among families of young farmers interviewed.
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Kooperace seniorů a žáků prvního stupně ZŠ ve vzdělávací oblasti člověk a jeho svět / Cooperations of seniors and students of elementary school in the educational area of social studiesVyhnalová, Andrea January 2017 (has links)
The key topics of this project are intergenerational relationships, in the means of creating a positive approach towards ageing in elementary school kids. Regarding the fact of demographic ageing of the population, active engagement of seniors into public life and profitable usage of their experience are both a current matter. The theoretical part of this thesis discusses intergenerational relationships, defines old age as equal to other stages of life and questions various stances and values. The practical part offers guidance to the developing process of collaboration between elementary school kids and seniors, in the area of social studies. The aim of intergenerational cooperation is going to be, through conversations, shared memories and further work with them, the increase of kids' concern about modern history and enhancement of respect towards ageing, therefore prevention of ageism. KEY WORDS population ageing, ageism, intergeneration relationships, positive approach to ageing, family memory, memories, teaching, project - based learning, inspiration for schools, modern history
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