Thèse--Droit--Lausanne, 1976. / Bibliogr. p. 172-189.

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A Study on the Taiwan Shipping Industries' Perception of the BWM Convention for the BWM Convention Abstract The global trade's commodity has 80% is by the marine transportation way loading, is responsible for the transportation industry the ships to maintain the navigation the security is stable; the ballast water tank will be pumping into the massive ballast water to maintain balanced. Had the research discovery, the loading ballast, if after has not processed properly on the emissions inflow harbor, has in the ballast the pathogen or the micro biology, will destroy the local port territory the biodiversity even to initiate threatens the human health disease, will create the serious economic loss. In order to reduce the ballast the emissions initiation pathogen destruction sea ecology, the International Maritime Organization to draw up the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships Ballast Water and Sediments (BWM Convention) by the public law binding force, so as to protection marine environment. In this studying, the questionnaire is in view of the shipping company, the shipyard, the ships equipment supplier and the maritime affair related organization and so on four communities. According to the investgating result, finds Taiwan shipping interest cognition ratio less than 50% regarding the new international convention, are worth the anxiety. Expected that produces the marine industrial, gonverment and marine educational intrest in Taiwan shipping facing the international ballast control and management tendency by this studying, and provides one to draw up effectively of reference in accordance to the strategy.

Many researchers (Cronin&Taylor: 1992, 1994, Grönroos, 1984; Parasuraman, Zeithaml&Berry: 1985, 1988) have devoted considerable attention to the development and testing of models for the measurement of service quality. Although some researchers (Chang&Yeh, 2002; Otto&Ritchie, 1996; Sergio&Hudson 2006) paid attention to service quality research within the tourism industry, little is known about service quality research within the business tourism sector and specifically at an International Convention Centre (ICC). Service quality focuses on the standard of service delivery and the interaction between the customer and the service provider in order to ensure that the customer’s expectations are met (Hernon, 2001:1; Palmer, 2005:64). The literature addresses several models for service quality for example “SERVQUAL” (Parasuraman et al., 1985, 1988), the “Servicescape” model developed by Booms and Bitner (1981:39) and the “Servuction” model (Eiglier&Langeard, 1987 in Palmer, 2005:82). SERVQUAL plays a more important role in the measurement of the service quality at a service firm, i.e. an ICC, than “Servicescape”. SERVQUAL focuses on five service quality dimensions: (1) tangible; (2) reliability; (3) responsiveness; (4) assurance and (5) empathy as identified by Parasuraman et al. (1988:23), while “Servicescape” covers the physical features of a service firm. In this study the researcher seeks to add some conceptual insight to the theoretical literature on service quality. This paper explores the use of the SERVQUAL model at an ICC as a diagnostic tool and examines the difficulties that arise with regards to the measurement of the gaps in service quality in the convention consumer market segments, both domestically and internationally. Suggestions are made that the full value of SERVQUAL may not be fully realised if the measurement processes are not well executed. It may be easy to adapt the SERVQUAL model and implement it in a survey (i.e. the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) ICC) and continue to measure the outcomes, but if that is not acted on it becomes a futile exercise. / Dissertation (MCom (Tourism Management))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Tourism Management / unrestricted

Les conventions internationales sont adoptées par des organisations internationales dans le but d’imposer des règles uniformes dans un domaine spécifique. L’intégration du droit international dans l’ordre juridique de chacun des États parties dépend de la méthode choisie par leur propre droit national. En France, les conventions internationales de droit maritime occupent une place particulière qui leur permet d’avoir leurs dispositions directement invocables par les particuliers. Elles jouissent également d’une grande autorité lorsqu’elles sont reprises par les normes de l’Union européenne produisant des effets contraignants à l’égard des États membres. Le statut de la convention internationale au sein de l’ordre juridique français garantit la pleine effectivité des mesures qu’elle contient, sous réserve que leurs dispositions soient pleinement mises en œuvre par les tribunaux. Le juge aura alors un rôle fondamental dans l’application des conventions internationales puisqu’il pourra influencer sur les effets de ces normes internationales et choisir de participer à l’unification du droit. Mais il sera également tributaire de certaines contraintes inhérentes à l’adoption d’un acte de droit international, ce qui limitera les espoirs d’unification des règles de droit applicables en matière maritime. / The main purpose of the international organization when adopting an international convention is to provide uniform rules for specific fields. The incorporation of international regulation into the legal system of States parties depends on the national laws. In France, the monism system leads to the possibility for every claimant to invoke the provisions of the treaties to support their claim. The authority of international maritime convention has increased when the EU regulation implemented them in EU system which implies that States members are obliged to comply with them. The legal status of international convention in the national French legal system guarantees the enforcement of their own provisions, provided that they are duly applied by the national Courts. The judge will have a significant impact in the enforcement of a treaty. His ruling can improve the unification of international law. However, the judge will be subject to some constraints that may threaten the aim of unification of applicable rules in the shipping law.

La kafala, mesure de protection et de prise en charge d’enfants de filiation connue ou inconnue dans les pays musulmans qui interdisent l’adoption en raison d’un impératif religieux, a confronté le droit français à de sérieux défis tant d’un point de vue conceptuel que technique. Essentiellement pratiquée dans les pays du Maghreb, elle a été introduite en France dans le cadre du regroupement familial, d’abord, et dans celui de l’adoption internationale, ensuite. Mais, si le droit international privé français a depuis longtemps appris à gérer l’accueil d’institutions et de lois étrangères dans l’ordre interne, la kafala, a remis en lumière bon nombre de problématiques liées aux méthodes et objectifs poursuivis par la discipline. Précisément, elle a reposé avec acuité les interrogations en rapport avec la place des droits fondamentaux dans le conflit de lois, d’une part, et la politique de tolérance dans la réception d’institutions ou l’application de normes à fort référent religieux, d’autre part. Et c’est ce cadre qui a servi a délimiter les contours du travail mené sur la question. Ainsi, l’approche comparatiste a été privilégiée pour la partie consacrée à la compréhension et à l’étude du dispositif de la kafala dans deux pays témoins : l’Algérie et le Maroc, d’où proviennent la plupart des enfants recueillis. Après des éclairages historico-juridiques destinés à saisir les origines de cette institution et la conception de la famille qui prévaut dans les deux sociétés considérées, la démarche s’est poursuivie par l’inscription de l’objet d’étude dans le contexte qui l’a fait naître et fait évoluer avant de procéder à sa comparaison avec les institutions françaises proches. A cet effet, plusieurs matières ressources et leurs travaux respectifs ont été mobilisés. Le second volet du travail a porté sur la question pratique de la réception de la kafala par les juridictions françaises depuis les années 1990 qui a révélé des incohérences, des lacunes et des positionnements discutables. En particulier, la prise en compte de l’intérêt de l’enfant recueilli, lequel est souvent abandonné et de parents inconnus, prescrite par la Convention internationale des droits de l’enfant, a fait l’objet d’une évaluation insuffisante. Et, depuis la loi du 06 février 2001, la kafala ne pouvant valoir adoption, son effectivité actuellement en France demeure non seulement limitée mais aussi porteuse d’insécurité et de difficultés pour les parties concernées, nécessitant, par conséquent, une réforme urgente. / Muslim countries provide special protection and assistance towards children deprived of their family environment through what is called kafala because their family law, essentially based on sharia, forbids adoption. French international law, when faced with this unusual institution imported by the important North African population leaving in France, had to deal with many difficulties in terms of understanding the concept and its technical specifics. Kafala had been brought in France by two means: family reunification, firstly, and international adoption, secondly. But, despite having been used to admitting muslim familial institutions and laws in the past, French international law actually proved to be unsuitable when it comes to kafala. Indeed, the methods and the aims of the discipline are discussed, again, due to the question of fundamental human rights ignored in the conflict of laws and the enforcement of religious laws or the effectiveness of muslim institutions allowed (at least when it is in compliance with the “ordre public international”). All these elements have guided the work. Thus, the comparatist view has been favoured concerning the understanding and the study of the kafala in these countries: Algeria and Morocco, where most of the foster children come from. After analyzing historical and legal points aimed at understanding the origins of this institution and the notion of the family which dominates in both societies, we will tackle its birth and its evolution before comparing it to the French institutions for which many studies have been established. In the second point, the question of the acceptance of the kafala by the French jurisdictions since the 1990s is raised. It has highlighted inconsistencies, flaws and questionable decisions especially the care of the foster child (often abandoned and from unknown parents) which has been insufficiently taken into account even if recommended by the International Convention on the Rights of the Child. And since the law of February 6th 2001, the kafala cannot be passed , its effectiveness nowadays in France is still limited but also brings insecurity and difficulties to the foster children which, consequently, requires an urgent reform.

La corruption, considérée comme l’utilisation abusive d’un pouvoir reçu par délégation à des fins privées, enrichit immanquablement un petit nombre de personnes. Ainsi, là où elle s’enracine, elle devient un obstacle important au développement en affaiblissant la société et l’Etat. C’est pourquoi, elle sape les fondements même de l’Etat de droit, mine les bases de la démocratie et tire sa source de la mauvaise gouvernance. Par conséquent, elle entraîne non seulement une mauvaise utilisation des deniers publics, mais également, fausse la concurrence en créant des inégalités entre les citoyens. Conscients des effets néfastes de ce phénomène, la France et le Mali prévoient et punis dans leur système juridique la lutte contre corruption. Au titre de la prévention, des organes à caractère administratif sont créés (SCPC en France et BVG au Mali, etc.) ayant pour mission de prévenir la corruption des agents publics. Egalement, sur le plan de la répression, des juridictions spécialisées sont créées dans ces pays pour réprimer toute atteinte à la probité publique. Mais force est de constater que la mise en oeuvre effective de ces mesures rencontre très souvent des difficultés tenant entre autres à la brièveté du délai de la prescription, à la question de l’opportunité des poursuites, au secret-défense, etc. Sur le plan international et régional, autant de conventions ou accords ont été adoptés pour faire de la lutte contre la corruption, un enjeu majeur. D’ailleurs, les Nations Unies ont inscrit la lutte contre la corruption au rang de leurs objectifs, considérant que ce fléau constitue à bien des égards, un obstacle majeur à l’Etat de droit. La France et le Mali ont ratifié et transposé la plupart des conventions internationales et régionales dans leur système juridique afin de se conformer aux contraintes internationales pour lutter contre la corruption, une lutte qui tend à s’internationaliser. Cette étude a pour objectif de faire un état des lieux de la corruption dans les deux pays, d’analyser la réalité et la faiblesse des mesures mises en place pour lutter contre ce fléau tout en faisant des propositions destinées à rendre plus efficace la lutte contre la corruption qui, au demeurant, gangrène tous les secteurs tant public que privé. / Corruption, considered as an excessive use of a power delegated for private purposes, inevitably enriches a small number of people. Thus, where it is rooted, it becomes a major obstacle to development by weakening the society and the state. Therefore, it undermines the very foundations of the rule of law, undermines the foundations of democracy and derives its source of bad governance. Consequently, it does not only lead to a misuse of public funds, but also distorts competition by creating inequalities among citizens. Aware of the harmful effects of this phenomenon, France and Mali provide and punish in their legal systems the fight against corruption. For prevention purposes, bodies of administrative nature are created (SCPC France and Mali OAG, etc.) whose mission is to prevent the corruption of public officials. Also, as regards to law enforcement, specialized courts are created in these countries to quell any attack on public probity. But there is no choice but to accept that the effective implementation of these measures often encounter difficulties linked inter alia to the brevity of the limitation period, the issue of whether prosecution is advisable, to defense secrecy, etc. Internationally and regionally, as many conventions or agreements have been adopted to make the fight against corruption, a major stake. Besides, the United Nations has listed the fight against corruption among their objectives, considering this plague to be in many ways a major obstacle to the rule of law. France and Mali have ratified and adapted most of the international and regional conventions to their legal system in order to conform to international constraints for the fight against corruption, a struggle which tends to internationalize. This study aims to make an inventory of the corruption in both countries, analyze the reality and the weakness of the measures implemented to fight against this plague while making proposals for a more effective fight against corruption which, notwithstanding blights both public and private sectors.

The primary goal of this study was to identify key success factors for the management of a conference centre in South Africa. This goal was achieved by firstly portraying an overview of the conference industry in South Africa. Secondly, a literature study was conducted in order to determine the aspects in the literature that are regarded as of vital importance in managing a conference centre. Thirdly, the results of the empirical research were discussed. Lastly, conclusions were drawn from the research and recommendations were made with regard to further research. From the literature study, aspects of strategic management, financial management, marketing management, human resource management and management of operational aspects were identified as being important in the management of a conference centre. These aspects were used to compile a questionnaire. The objective of the questionnaire was to measure the importance that conference centre managers attach to the identified elements. Questionnaires were e-mailed to 250 conference centres. A total of 100 questionnaires were received back. The study population consisted of a database as compiled by the researcher from the Direct Access Conference Handbook (2004) and the Africa Conference Directory (2006/7). Questionnaires were also handed out personally to exhibitors at the INDABA Tourism Exhibition (2006). From the responses to the questionnaire it can be deduced that conference centre managers regard the aspects of strategic management, financial management, marketing management, human resource management and management of operational details as important to very important. A factor analysis was done to determine the key success factors in managing a conference centre. The following factors were identified, namely to: • Provide a conference centre with a functional layout and the correct variety of activities; • perform marketing management; • ensure that operational aspects are in place; • do proper planning; • provide an attractive venue and conduct a post-conference evaluation; and • perform human resource management. Conference centre managers have to apply the above-mentioned key success factors to ensure that the conference centre is successful over the longterm. / Thesis (M.A. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

O presente trabalho objetiva o estudo dos aspectos legais pertinentes à entrega vigiada, vista como meio de investigação. A escolha do tema surgiu da preocupação com o avanço do crime organizado, que ganhou contornos transnacionais, e a necessidade de adoção de novos métodos de investigação, capazes de refrear este tipo de criminalidade. Cada vez mais os Estados percebem que os meios ordinários de investigação tornaram-se obsoletos e ineficazes para fazer frente ao avanço das operações desenvolvidas pelas organizações criminosas, porquanto se utilizam de modernos artifícios para perpetrar suas práticas delitivas. Tratar-se-á da entrega vigiada propriamente dita, técnica que permite que remessas ilícitas ou suspeitas circulem de forma monitorada, sob controle das autoridades competentes, conceituando-a e apresentando suas características e peculiaridades, bem como procurando delimitar sua natureza jurídica. Também será examinado o tratamento conferido à entrega vigiada na legislação alienígena. Ademais, como instrumento de cooperação internacional, a entrega vigiada tende a ser adotada paulatinamente entre os diversos países signatários das convenções internacionais nas quais previstas este meio investigativo. Para completa análise do instituto, indispensável enfrentar a árdua tarefa de ponderação da entrega vigiada à luz da eficiência e garantismo. Pretende-se apontar as possíveis ofensas aos princípios constitucionais e processuais penais que o meio investigatório da entrega vigiada pode acarretar, especificando os requisitos acreditados como indispensáveis para a regulamentação da entrega vigiada, de modo a delimitar sua atuação e, por conseguinte, evitar o cometimento de odiosos abusos por parte dos envolvidos no emprego desta técnica de investigação. Serão expostos aspectos positivos, falhas e críticas ao instituto em exame. Almeja-se, como contribuição desta dissertação, a apresentação de algumas sugestões para o escorreito e eficaz emprego da técnica da entrega vigiada, de modo a resguardar, obrigatoriamente, os direitos do investigado. / The present work aims the study of pertinent legal aspects of monitored delivery, as a means of investigation. The choice of the subject came from the concern of the organized crime increase, that reached international levels and the necessity of adoption of new methods of inquiry, enabling to reprimand this type of crime. The State has acknowledged that the usual inquiry has become obsolete and inefficient in face of the advance of the operations developed by the criminal organizations, which make use of advanced techniques to perpetrate illegal practices. It concerns the monitored delivery, a technique that allows illicit or suspicious packages to circulate freely, under control of the competent authorities, appraising them and presenting their characteristics and peculiarities, as well as their legal nature. Also the treatment to the monitored delivery in the foreign legislation will be examined. Furthermore, as an instrument of international cooperation, the monitored delivery tends to be adopted gradually entering the diverse signatory countries of the international conventions foreseen in this institute. For complete analysis of the institute, indispensable to face the arduous task of balance of the monitored delivery to efficiency and warranty. It is intended to point the possible offences of the constitutional principles of penal law that the inquiry of the monitored delivery can result in, specifying the requirements as indispensable with respect to the regulation of the monitored delivery, in order to delimit its performance and, therefore, to prevent hateful abuses involving the inquiry technique. Positive aspects, imperfections and criticism to the institute in examination will be exposed. It is intended, as a contribution of this dissertation, the presentation of some suggestions for the proper and efficient job of the technique of the monitored delivery, in order to protect, obligatorily, the rights of the investigated.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanessa Estephan Maluf.pdf: 845976 bytes, checksum: c9b0052b5a2ee8f1d342b9d9a0f4b081 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The scope of this work is to make an analysis of the consumer category under the Brazilian Law. In Brazil, this category went through significant changes in the country s system of laws since its early times, to the detriment of the category defined by international rules on the matter; it includes the buyer category under the Vienna Convention on Contracts for International Sale of Goods and possible points of intersection between the two sets of rules. / Este trabalho tem o escopo de analisar a figura do consumidor no Direito Brasileiro, incorporada por significantes mudanças no ordenamento jurídico pátrio desde os primórdios, em detrimento do sujeito esculpido pelas normas internacionais sobre o tema, incluindo a figura do comprador trazida pela CISG e possíveis pontos de intersecção entre as normas