This thesis explores the potential of Nigerian popular music as an approach to nation branding. The study employs qualitative content analysis to analyze select Nigerian music genres to examine how Nigeria is portrayed to international audiences and the economic benefits that can be derived from this form of branding. The analysis focuses on narrative themes of “the value of hard work,” “ethnic pride,” “lavish lifestyle,” and the impact of differences which were derived from the data. Findings indicate that Nigeria is globally reckoned for its musical prowess and rich cultural heritage. In highlighting the role of music in Nigeria’s political processes, the research demonstrates a growing sense of national identity and political awareness among the masses, thereby making a case for accountability and transparency in Nigeria’s governance. Additionally, music emerges as one of the major contributors to Nigeria’s economy, serving as a powerful tool for visibility and attracting foreign investments.

自第21世紀初以來，由於電信與資訊科技的積極發展，使資訊取得更容易。於此同時，資訊來源的多樣性也使思想和觀點多元化。 國家形象是簡潔且通俗易懂的概念，它包含一國的國內經濟、政治發展程度、國際體系上的地位、合作行爲、文化和歷史價值。此外，國家形象也把國家利益反映到國際舞臺，允許領導人與外國夥伴鞏固關係、創造共贏局面。該背景下，國家形象塑造是每個政府的迫切目標之一，蓋因和平且可靠的國際形象可以保證國家永續發展。 最近幾年當中，俄羅斯的國際形象惡化。因此本論文的目標為研究自2012年至2016年中（現任總統普京的任職期間）的國際公眾對俄羅斯聯邦的態度。 作者研究俄羅斯形象塑造及公眾外交政策，分析俄羅斯聯邦與其他國家及國際組織的正式文件、國際學者文獻理的推論，也解析臺灣國立政治大學來自不同國家學生、畢業生、老師與教授的立場。作者根據上述資料推論出俄羅斯國際形象受損的原因及國家公眾外交有哪些需要改善的部分；並以強調形象改革政策計畫中，哪些交流能夠使俄羅斯聯邦與國際社會關係暖化來作為結論。 / Since the beginning of the 21st century, development of telecommunication and information technologies has resulted in the substantial expansion of media coverage, greater information accessibility, and sophistication of control over the information. Abundance of facts concerning any issue makes it multidimensional, provoking a plentitude of opinions. The image of a country is a succinct and ready-for-apprehension informational phenomena or entrenched perception of a country by foreign partners, which offers a particular expectation of its behavior, thus, it is one of the major factors influencing international cooperation. In addition, state image identifies a country’s political weight abroad and its status among other members of global community, including the capacity to defend national interests. The significance of the image-building is determined by the fact that it is one of the strategic tasks for each contemporary government. Trustworthy international image speaks for a country’s economic and cultural development and creates a formula of its success abroad and within national borders, serves as a criterion of its stability and transparency. Recently Russia has experienced a substantial shift in its apprehension by the foreign public. The particular study is focused on how global community perceived the Russian Federation from 2012 till 2016, the period that correlated with the latest tenet of President Vladimir Putin. The research is focused on the origins of Russia’s international image along with the evaluation of governmental attempts to enhance it and create transparency and mutual trust under existing conditions, including the course of the country’s public diplomacy. The author analyzed how the world academia and media portray the Russian Federation and collected opinions among students, alumni, and professors of the National Chengchi University. The paper aims to define the most distinctive factors, which form the image of the Russian Federation on the international arena and to elicit the fields of Russia’s public diplomacy, which lack attention the most, as well as to offer a roadmap for overcoming the existing misunderstanding.

Submitted by Mascha Sörensen (mascha.soerensen@gmail.com) on 2016-10-08T10:05:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mascha Sörensen_Master Thesis_Nation Branding through Mega-Events and the Impact on Tourism Development in the Host Country_14.09.2016.pdf: 1369449 bytes, checksum: dc4c868a996a043756cdbabad912afad (MD5) / Rejected by Ana Luiza Holme (ana.holme@fgv.br), reason: Dear Mascha, First of all the title of the parts of the thesis, example: Abstract, resumo,etc. is duplicated it's only has to appear once. The List of Figures, etc. should be before the table of contents. The number of the pages should count from the first page but only appear on the introduction. Warm regards. Ana Luiza Holme 37993492 on 2016-10-10T12:25:44Z (GMT) / Submitted by Mascha Sörensen (mascha.soerensen@gmail.com) on 2016-10-10T16:07:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mascha Sörensen_ Master Thesis_ Nation Branding through Mega-Events and the Impact on Tourism Development in the Host Country - A Study on the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil_ 14.09.2016.pdf: 1310793 bytes, checksum: 0b9d0c22d5a69492fd2a69757d38afdd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Luiza Holme (ana.holme@fgv.br) on 2016-10-10T16:17:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Mascha Sörensen_ Master Thesis_ Nation Branding through Mega-Events and the Impact on Tourism Development in the Host Country - A Study on the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil_ 14.09.2016.pdf: 1310793 bytes, checksum: 0b9d0c22d5a69492fd2a69757d38afdd (MD5) / Rejected by Ana Luiza Holme (ana.holme@fgv.br), reason: Duplicidade de postagem, trabalho já aprovado. on 2016-10-10T16:20:07Z (GMT) / Submitted by Mascha Sörensen (mascha.soerensen@gmail.com) on 2016-10-12T09:57:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mascha Sörensen_ Master Thesis_ Nation Branding through Mega-Events and the Impact on Tourism Development in the Host Country - A Study on the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil_ 14.09.2016.pdf: 1310793 bytes, checksum: 0b9d0c22d5a69492fd2a69757d38afdd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Luiza Holme (ana.holme@fgv.br) on 2016-10-13T12:40:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Mascha Sörensen_ Master Thesis_ Nation Branding through Mega-Events and the Impact on Tourism Development in the Host Country - A Study on the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil_ 14.09.2016.pdf: 1310793 bytes, checksum: 0b9d0c22d5a69492fd2a69757d38afdd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-13T12:55:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mascha Sörensen_ Master Thesis_ Nation Branding through Mega-Events and the Impact on Tourism Development in the Host Country - A Study on the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil_ 14.09.2016.pdf: 1310793 bytes, checksum: 0b9d0c22d5a69492fd2a69757d38afdd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-14 / Nation branding has recently gained importance as countries strive for a global competitive advantage to attract worldwide tourists, foreign direct investment and talented workforce, and to enhance consumer preferences for its exported products. The significance for Brazil of having hosted the two most important sport mega-events, the 2014 Football World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympic Games, within two years is discussed in detail. The objective of the exploratory research here presented is to understand the perception of Brazil internationally (measured as nation brand) and to determine whether primarily the 2014 World Cup had an impact on the nation brand as possibly also on the tourism activities in the country. A methodology of a single case study has been applied. Main sources of information were secondary data from websites and tourism and event related journals, as well as quantitative data from nation branding indices and official tourism statistics. The most insightful data source was provided by seven interviews with experts in the field of nation branding, events and tourism business. The research suggests that the World Cup had two-sided effects. Increased international awareness, hospitality and improvements in perception of culture and people in Brazil are positive results that were partly restrained by negative images of corruption, insecurity and social problems. The World Cup overall resulted in positive outcomes in the tourism industry. Despite being beneficial in many aspects, the mega-events happened at a difficult economic and political time in Brazil. Together with persistent deficiencies of the international sport organizations, these circumstances further hindered lasting legacies and international reputation. The findings therefore are not straightforward. They are rather based on a complex discussion which identifies positive contributions of the events to destination branding and possibly to the development of the nation branding strategy of Brazil. / A consideração da marca-nação recentemente tem ganhado grande importância com países se esforçando para alcançar uma vantagem competitiva global, atrair turistas de todo o mundo, investimento estrangeiro direto e uma força de trabalho qualificada, além de melhorar as preferências dos consumidores por seus produtos exportados. A importância para o Brasil em ter hospedado os dois mais importantes mega-eventos esportivos no prazo de dois anos, a Copa do Mundo de 2014 e os Jogos Olímpicos de 2016, é discutida em detalhe. O objetivo da pesquisa exploratória aqui apresentada é entender a percepção internacional do Brasil (medida como marca-nação) e determinar se principalmente a Copa do Mundo de 2014 teve um impacto positivo na marca-nação e também nas atividades de turismo no país. A metodologia de um estudo de caso específico foi aplicada. As principais origens de informações foram dados secundários de sites e revistas relacionados a turismo e eventos, bem como dados quantitativos de índices de marca-nação e estatísticas oficiais de turismo. A fonte de dados mais significante foi obtida em sete entrevistas com especialistas no campo da marca-nação, eventos e turismo. A pesquisa sugere que a Copa do Mundo teve efeitos de dois lados. Aumento da consciêntização internacional, hospitalidade e melhorias na percepção da cultura e das pessoas no Brasil são resultados positivos que foram parcialmente restringidos por imagens negativas de corrupção, insegurança e problemas sociais. De forma geral, a Copa do Mundo apresentou resultados positivos na indústria do turismo. Apesar de serem benéficos em muitos aspectos, os mega-eventos aconteciam em um momento difícil para o Brasil, econômico e políticamente. Juntamente com deficiências persistentes das organizações desportivas internacionais, estas circunstâncias impediram ainda mais os resultados duradouros e a reputação internacional. Os resultados, entretanto, não são simplórios. Pelo contrário, são baseados em uma discussão complexa que identifica contribuições positivas dos eventos para a marca de destino e possivelmente para o desenvolvimento uma estratégia da nação-marca no Brasil.

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In 2020, the year the Covid-19 pandemic struck, the Swedish Covid-19 response differed radically from the general policy of total lockdown and strict enforcement of Covid-measures and regulations recommended by the WHO. Instead, Sweden strove early on to achieve herd immunity, with no mandatory measures to limit numbers in shopping malls, buses, and other public events, nor mask requirements. Hence, during the height of the pandemic, Swedish Covid-19 policy was a highly debated issue in the international media, within academia and the World Health Organization. The aim of this study is to examine the international media discourse on the Swedish Covid-19 strategy in the international print media. The focus has been on newspapers from the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The research has been done by investigating how Sweden’s Covid-19 strategy is discursively constructed, through major themes and sub-themes that have emerged. Additionally, the differences in discourse between Dutch, English and American media have been explored. As well as the use of language, ideologies, and linguistic devices within the international discourse have been investigated. A total of 178 articles, published between the period of 1 January 2020 until 6 February 2022, have been collected and analyzed. This study uses Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA) as main method and has been inspired by Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). A coding frame has inductively been created, by having used a sample of 20 newspaper articles in a pilot study. The software of NVivo has been used for the coding process. The major themes that emerged from my analyses of media discourses are: Anders Tegnell, Strategy, Trust and Image of Sweden and Swedes. My study found that media discourses on the Swedish Covid-19 policy are not positive. Rather these tend to be negative or at best neutral. Images of Sweden tend to vary in tandem with increase or decreases of Covid-19 infections and/or deaths. As the Swedish strategy became more or less aligned with the ‘norm’ of the WHO, the coverage of Sweden in media declined and lost its newsworthiness.