Este trabalho apresenta uma análise da Sonata para piano sobre tema de Bartók op.45 (2003) do compositor Marlos Nobre (1939) com o objetivo de identificar os elementos apropriados do primeiro movimento do Concerto para Orquestra (1943) do compositor húngaro Béla Bartók (1881-1945) e investigar como esses elementos são inseridos e metamorfoseados na linguagem de Nobre. Foram utilizados como referenciais teóricos os autores Straus (1990) e Hyde (1996) que estudam o fenômeno da intertextualidade na música. Este trabalho divide-se em duas etapas: a primeira consiste em uma revisão da literatura sobre a intertextualidade na música e sobre estilos e influências detectadas nos processos composicionais e a segunda, em uma análise formal, intertextual e comparativa entre a Sonata op. 45 de Nobre e o Concerto de Bartók. / This dissertation, while presenting an analysis of Sonata para piano sobre tema de Bartok op. 45 (2003) composed by Marlos Nobre (1939), aims at identifying elements appropriated from the first movement of Concerto for Orchestra (1943) composed by the Hungarian Bela Bartok (1881-1945). Based on works by Straus (1990) and Hyde (1996), phenomena identified as intertextuality in music establish the main focus of this text divided into two mains sections. The first section deals with a review of the literature geared to the study of intertextuality in music, as well as aspects of style and matters of influence within the compositional processes. The second section offers a formal, intertextual and comparative analysis of Nobre´s Sonata op. 45 in relation to Bartok´s Concerto for Orchestra.

A presente dissertação propõe o estudo da vida e obra da autora portuguesa Júlia Nery, mais especificamente, a análise de uma de suas peças de maior cunho intertextual: O plantador de naus a haver. Para tanto, é feito inicialmente um relato de como se deu o processo de pesquisa de sua produção literária, desde o primeiro contato com a peça no curso de Pós-Graduação intitulado \"A literatura portuguesa em cena\" (FFLCH-USP), até a localização da Autora, que resultou na reunião de um material bibliográfico que serviu de base para a elaboração deste trabalho. Em seguida, é realizado um apanhado teórico em torno da intertextualidade, a partir dos estudos sobre a linguagem empreendidos por Mikail Bakhtin, e das contribuições teóricas de Julia Kristeva, além de outros pesquisadores e lingüistas contemporâneos, que têm, ao longo do tempo, pesquisado e ampliado as diretrizes bakhtinianas em torno do dialogismo e da polifonia, além dos estudos acerca dos mecanismos que promovem a intertextualidade. Posteriormente, são analisados os textos paradigmas com os quais a Autora travou diálogo para criação de sua peça. Segue-se a análise do texto dramático, utilizando-se como instrumentos intertextuais, a paráfrase e a estilização, uma vez que esses mecanismos demonstram ser, de fato, os adjuvantes para recriação do longínquo medievo português, bem como da própria biografia de D. Dinis, a personagem central. O objetivo principal de tal análise é o de trazer à tona, elementos diversos que, constantes nas entrelinhas de O plantador de naus a haver, contribuem para a revelação do ponto de vista de seu Autor em relação à personagem principal, ao contexto histórico-literário no qual se insere, além é claro, de apresentar a sua visão de mundo. Como O plantador de naus a haver também é destinado ao ensino de Literatura Portuguesa, algumas considerações sobre a relação teatro-educação também são tratadas, a fim de se investigar o intuito pedagógico da peça, que, como poderá ser visto, propõe uma gestão criativa de seu conteúdo, a partir da interação entre o texto e seu interlocutor, por meio da expressão dramática. / The present dissertation deals with the biography and work of the Portuguese author Júlia Nery, more specifically, an analysis of one of her plays with the greatest intertextual feature: The planter of ships-yet-to-be. Before localizing the author, at the very beginning, it was made a description of how the research process of her literary production takes place since the first contact with the play in a course from an academic program named \"A Literatura Portuguesa em Cena\" (FFLCH-USP). All of this has resulted in a set of bibliographical material that was used to implement this dissertation. A theoretical synthesis was made concerning the intertextuality from the language studies that were undertaken by Mikail Bakhtin and afterwards some theoretical contributions of Julia Kristeva. Other contemporaneous researchers and linguists that have studied for ages enlarged the Bakhtin\'s bases around the dialogism and the polyphony beyond the studies above the mechanisms that have promoted the intertextuality. Subsequently, the texts with paradigms, which the author established as a dialogue in the creation of her play, have been analysed. Soon, the analysis of the dramatic text follows in this dissertation based on intertextual tools, such as the paraphrase and the stylization, as the mechanisms which are being apprehended like the main attributes for a recreation of the faraway Portuguese Middle Ages, even the own biography of D. Dinis, the central character. The main goal of such analysis highlights several elements that appear in The planter of ships-yet-to-be read between the lines, contributing to the revelation of the author\'s point of view in relation to the main character, to the historical and literary context in what the work has been inserted, besides presenting the author\'s background in a contemporaneous world being inhaled by her play. As The planter of ships-yetto- be is also addressed to the Portuguese Literature teaching, some considerations intertwining theatre and education are approached in order to investigate pedagogical purposes in the play, proposing a creative operation of its content from the interaction between the text and its interlocutor through dramatic expressions.

Los estudios tradicionales sobre la música en el cine no han abordado de una forma exhaustiva la decisiva aportación de las músicas populares en la conformación de la música cinematográfica. El planteamiento de estos textos ha estado, en gran medida, condicionado por una visión cultural eurocentrista que intentaba vincular la música sinfónica del cine clásico norteamericano (un cine que aspiraba a una narración realista y a una consideración artística) con la tradición musical culta europea, sin valorar adecuadamente la importancia de otras manifestaciones musicales norteamericanas de raíz popular, más fantasiosas y más imprevisibles a nivel narrativo. En este sentido, la trayectoria profesional de los hermanos Marx se revela como un medio óptimo para estudiar estas influencias musicales. Así, antes de su debut cinematográfico con The Cocoanuts (1929), los Marx habían atesorado una experiencia de más de veinte años en los escenarios del vaudeville y de la comedia musical. Sin embargo, las investigaciones realizadas hasta ahora sobre el cine marxiano han priorizado la etapa más exitosa de nuestros protagonistas (a partir de A Night at the Opera, 1935), una etapa censurada por el código Hays y controlada desde la producción de la Metro Goldwyn Mayer, descuidando sus primeros films donde la influencia musical popular vaudevillesque es mucho más notoria. Además, estos estudios sólo han abordado los contenidos musicales de una forma tangencial (a modo de inventario), separándolos de su contexto expresivo, e infravalorándolos artísticamente (desde una perspectiva etnocéntrica) debido a su sentido cómico y popular. Desde esta perspectiva, el propósito de nuestro trabajo ha sido constatar (o refutar) la siguiente hipótesis: los hermanos Marx utilizan las músicas populares en su cine, integrándolas en la representación según los recursos expresivos propios del vaudeville y es necesario conocer estos recursos para comprender la verdadera función expresiva y significación de esas músicas. Para ello, tras una semblanza biográfico-artística (Gehring, Louvish y Marx), hemos realizado una revisión exhaustiva del contenido musical de los espectáculos de vaudeville presentados por los Marx antes de llegar al cine, relacionándolos con la práctica habitual de la época (Snyder y Lott). Igualmente, hemos investigado las temáticas y las músicas (incidiendo en los aspectos sociológicos de una época muy convulsa) propias del cine de la época (Altman), así como del teatro musical de Broadway (Bordman y Jones) en el que también trabajaron los Marx. Por último, hemos realizado un análisis exhaustivo, desde una perspectiva musical (pero también social y cultural), de las siete primeras películas de los hermanos Marx, constatando, así, la importancia de los contenidos musicales populares en la construcción del significado expresivo. Además, hemos advertido la utilización de estas músicas como una reivindicación de las raíces populares de la identidad cultural, frente a la irrupción de la tradición musical europea en el cine clásico norteamericano. / Sanjuan Mínguez, R. (2014). La música en el primer cine de los hermanos Marx [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/38861 / TESIS

Este trabalho é uma proposta de prática de leitura intertextual (para os terceiro e quarto ciclos do Ensino Fundamental) em que o fenômeno da intertextualidade, mostrado sob pontos de vista de vários autores, é considerado potencializador e enriquecedor da leitura, colaborando para a formação de um leitor mais proficiente e mais preparado para enfrentar as demandas do mundo letrado. Propõem-se, na exploração textual, atividades inferenciais (para as quais o aluno comparece com conhecimentos linguísticos e extralinguísticos) que podem levá-lo a estabelecer relações não só entre os elementos do texto em si, mas também entre esse texto e outros textos e entre esse texto e sua realidade. Muitas vezes a leitura do aluno não é plena por falta de conhecimentos prévios. A interferência do mediador, leitor mais maduro, torna-se, então, desejável e necessária, para melhoria no nível de adequação da leitura, ampliação do universo do leitor iniciante e aquisição de mecanismos metacognitivos. Ao clarificar zonas de intersecção (identificação do intertexto), por meio de procedimentos discursivos, propicia-se não só o reconhecimento do diálogo intertextual como também uma interpretação mais completa do texto (com a leitura dos implícitos), incluindo casos de polifonia (presença de vozes variadas no texto) e a busca da intencionalidade e do posicionamento ideológico do autor. O texto é considerado a principal matéria-prima do professor de Português. Paradoxalmente, o desempenho dos alunos das escolas públicas e particulares deixa a desejar no quesito leitura. Uma configuração do leitor-aprendiz em seus aspectos sociocognitivos e algumas considerações sobre o modo como são realizadas as atividades de leitura na sala de aula visam mostrar a necessidade de um interlocutor que proponha relações dialógicas e mais significativas no embate com o texto, ampliando, inclusive o leque de opções para gêneros variados, sem barreiras de tempo, de espaço, de estilo, de modalidade, de nacionalidade. Tendo por base a noção de mediação e de zona de desenvolvimento proximal em Vygotsky e a de interação verbal em Bakhtin; as análises de Marcuschi e Rocco sobre o papel da escola e do material didático na formação do leitor; bem como os princípios da Análise do Discurso, da Teoria da Enunciação e da Linguística Textual, sustentados por Genette, Maingueneau, Authier-Revuz, Brandão, Koch, Van Dijk e SantAnna, sugerem-se alguns exemplos de análise para demonstrar a exequibilidade da proposta. Finalmente, a intertextualidade é vinculada à interdisciplinaridade, concluindo-se que a leitura é, hoje, um poderoso auxiliar no intercâmbio de informações do mundo eletrônico-globalizado; na constituição de um leitor-sujeito consciente, ético e crítico; na transformação do aprendiz em cidadão; na conquista de um instrumento de busca interior. Procura-se provar, enfim, que a leitura, como senha para o conhecimento, pode levar ao poder e, como senha para o autoconhecimento, pode levar à sabedoria. / This essay is an intertextual reading practice proposal (for the third and fourth cycles of elementary school) in which the intertextuality phenomenon, shown by various authors opinions, enhances and enriches the reading process, contributing to develop a more proficient and prepared reader, capable of facing the literate world demands. Through textual exploration, inferential activities are proposed (for which the student has linguistic and extra linguistic knowledge) which can lead the student not only to establish relationships between elements of the text itself, but also between this text and other texts and between this text and its own reality. Often the reading process is not complete due to the lack of prior knowledge by the students. The mediator interference, a more mature reader, becomes then desirable and necessary to improve the adequacy of the reading process, to expand the beginner reader universe and to acquire metacognitive mechanisms. By clarifying intersection zones (intertext identification), through discursive procedures, there is not only the inter-textual dialogue recognition but also a more complete text interpretation (by the implicit reading) including polyphony cases (presence of various voices in the text) and the pursuit of the intentionality and the ideological positioning of the author. The text is considered the main raw material of the Portuguese teacher. Paradoxically, the performance of public and private schools students is still weak in the reading aspect. The configuration of the learner-reader in their social-cognitive aspects and a few considerations about how the reading activities are led in the classroom aim to show the need for an interlocutor who can propose dialogical and more meaningful relationships in the fight with the text, also expanding the range of options for different genres, with no time, space, style, modality, nationality barriers. Based on Vygotsky\'s notion of mediation and proximal development zone and on Bakhtins verbal interaction; Marcuschi and Roccos analysis on the role of school and didactic materials in the readers development; as well as the Discourse Analysis, the Theory of Enunciation and the Textual Linguistics principles, supported by Genette, Maingueneau, Authier-Revuz, Brandão, Koch, Van Dijk and Sant\'Anna, some examples of analysis are suggested to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposal. Finally, intertextuality is linked to interdisciplinary and the conclusion is that reading is nowadays a powerful tool to enhance information exchange in the globalized world; in the constitution of an ethical and critical reader-conscious subject; transforming learners in citizens who can conquer a tool of internal search. This document attempts to prove that reading, as a password for knowledge, can lead to power and, as the password for the self- knowledge, can lead to wisdom.

Este trabalho é uma proposta de prática de leitura intertextual (para os terceiro e quarto ciclos do Ensino Fundamental) em que o fenômeno da intertextualidade, mostrado sob pontos de vista de vários autores, é considerado potencializador e enriquecedor da leitura, colaborando para a formação de um leitor mais proficiente e mais preparado para enfrentar as demandas do mundo letrado. Propõem-se, na exploração textual, atividades inferenciais (para as quais o aluno comparece com conhecimentos linguísticos e extralinguísticos) que podem levá-lo a estabelecer relações não só entre os elementos do texto em si, mas também entre esse texto e outros textos e entre esse texto e sua realidade. Muitas vezes a leitura do aluno não é plena por falta de conhecimentos prévios. A interferência do mediador, leitor mais maduro, torna-se, então, desejável e necessária, para melhoria no nível de adequação da leitura, ampliação do universo do leitor iniciante e aquisição de mecanismos metacognitivos. Ao clarificar zonas de intersecção (identificação do intertexto), por meio de procedimentos discursivos, propicia-se não só o reconhecimento do diálogo intertextual como também uma interpretação mais completa do texto (com a leitura dos implícitos), incluindo casos de polifonia (presença de vozes variadas no texto) e a busca da intencionalidade e do posicionamento ideológico do autor. O texto é considerado a principal matéria-prima do professor de Português. Paradoxalmente, o desempenho dos alunos das escolas públicas e particulares deixa a desejar no quesito leitura. Uma configuração do leitor-aprendiz em seus aspectos sociocognitivos e algumas considerações sobre o modo como são realizadas as atividades de leitura na sala de aula visam mostrar a necessidade de um interlocutor que proponha relações dialógicas e mais significativas no embate com o texto, ampliando, inclusive o leque de opções para gêneros variados, sem barreiras de tempo, de espaço, de estilo, de modalidade, de nacionalidade. Tendo por base a noção de mediação e de zona de desenvolvimento proximal em Vygotsky e a de interação verbal em Bakhtin; as análises de Marcuschi e Rocco sobre o papel da escola e do material didático na formação do leitor; bem como os princípios da Análise do Discurso, da Teoria da Enunciação e da Linguística Textual, sustentados por Genette, Maingueneau, Authier-Revuz, Brandão, Koch, Van Dijk e SantAnna, sugerem-se alguns exemplos de análise para demonstrar a exequibilidade da proposta. Finalmente, a intertextualidade é vinculada à interdisciplinaridade, concluindo-se que a leitura é, hoje, um poderoso auxiliar no intercâmbio de informações do mundo eletrônico-globalizado; na constituição de um leitor-sujeito consciente, ético e crítico; na transformação do aprendiz em cidadão; na conquista de um instrumento de busca interior. Procura-se provar, enfim, que a leitura, como senha para o conhecimento, pode levar ao poder e, como senha para o autoconhecimento, pode levar à sabedoria. / This essay is an intertextual reading practice proposal (for the third and fourth cycles of elementary school) in which the intertextuality phenomenon, shown by various authors opinions, enhances and enriches the reading process, contributing to develop a more proficient and prepared reader, capable of facing the literate world demands. Through textual exploration, inferential activities are proposed (for which the student has linguistic and extra linguistic knowledge) which can lead the student not only to establish relationships between elements of the text itself, but also between this text and other texts and between this text and its own reality. Often the reading process is not complete due to the lack of prior knowledge by the students. The mediator interference, a more mature reader, becomes then desirable and necessary to improve the adequacy of the reading process, to expand the beginner reader universe and to acquire metacognitive mechanisms. By clarifying intersection zones (intertext identification), through discursive procedures, there is not only the inter-textual dialogue recognition but also a more complete text interpretation (by the implicit reading) including polyphony cases (presence of various voices in the text) and the pursuit of the intentionality and the ideological positioning of the author. The text is considered the main raw material of the Portuguese teacher. Paradoxically, the performance of public and private schools students is still weak in the reading aspect. The configuration of the learner-reader in their social-cognitive aspects and a few considerations about how the reading activities are led in the classroom aim to show the need for an interlocutor who can propose dialogical and more meaningful relationships in the fight with the text, also expanding the range of options for different genres, with no time, space, style, modality, nationality barriers. Based on Vygotsky\'s notion of mediation and proximal development zone and on Bakhtins verbal interaction; Marcuschi and Roccos analysis on the role of school and didactic materials in the readers development; as well as the Discourse Analysis, the Theory of Enunciation and the Textual Linguistics principles, supported by Genette, Maingueneau, Authier-Revuz, Brandão, Koch, Van Dijk and Sant\'Anna, some examples of analysis are suggested to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposal. Finally, intertextuality is linked to interdisciplinary and the conclusion is that reading is nowadays a powerful tool to enhance information exchange in the globalized world; in the constitution of an ethical and critical reader-conscious subject; transforming learners in citizens who can conquer a tool of internal search. This document attempts to prove that reading, as a password for knowledge, can lead to power and, as the password for the self- knowledge, can lead to wisdom.

This thesis explores the intertextual nature of Irenaeus' reading of Genesis 1-3. In this study, we assume a different mode of investigation than previous works on Irenaeus' use of scripture. Drawing from contemporary discussions on intertextuality in Fishbane, Boyrin, Hays, and Young, we challenge a tradition of investigation into Irenaeus' exegesis that has marginalized the significance of scriptural networking inherent to his hermeneutic. This perspective is evident in the previous works on Irenaeus' reading of Genesis in Orbe, Jacobsen, Kannengiesser, Steenberg, and Holsinger-Friesen. This thesis, on the other hand, brings together an appreciation for Irenaeus' hermeneutic with respect to his exegesis of Gen 1-3. We show that in every instance Irenaeus interprets Gen 1-3, not in isolation, but in correlation with other texts by means of a variety of intertextual reading strategies that shape his theological polemic. In chapter one we investigate the nature of Irenaeus' hermeneutical orientation based upon studies of patristic exegesis and his own descriptions of the exegetical task. We show that Irenaeus purposes to interconnect texts in his refutation and exegesis and we formulate a methodology that appreciates his reading of Gen 1-3 within this theological networking of texts. In chapters 2-6, we provide a literary analysis of the echoes, allusions, and citations of Gen 1-3 in each book of Adversus Haereses. In each case we isolate the allusions to Gen 1-3 and the corresponding interrelated texts that form a hermeneutically symbiotic relationship with Gen 1-3. We show how these textual relationships yield a more comprehensive appreciation for the meaning and function of Gen 1-3 in Irenaeus. In chapter 7 we conclude with a summary and cumulative evaluation of the intertextual relationships fashioned with Gen 1-3 and the reading strategies that guide his intertextual use of Gen 1-3. In doing so, this thesis exposes the intricacies of Irenaeus' theological and intertextual reading of Gen 1-3 and the various ways that Irenaeus harmonizes scripture.

Within late twentieth and early twenty-first century children’s literature there is a significant interest amongst authors and readers for material which recreates the Arthurian myth. Many of these draw on medieval texts, and the canonical texts of the English tradition have been particularly influential. Yet within this intertextual discourse the influence of the Victorian works is noticeable. This thesis explores the relationship between contemporary children’s Arthuriana and the gendered and national ideologies of these earlier works. Using feminist critical discourse analysis, it discusses the evolution of Arthuriana for the child reader, with a particular focus on four contemporary texts: Michael Morpurgo’s (1994) Arthur, High King of Britain, Mary Hoffman’s (2000) Women of Camelot: Queens and Enchantresses at the Court of King Arthur, Diana Wynne Jones’ (1993) Hexwood and the BBC series Merlin (2008-2012). Exploring the historicist and fantasy genres opens up a discourse surrounding the psychology of myth which within the context of Arthurian literature creates a sense of a universal ‘truth’. This work reveals that authorial intent, in both historicist and fantasy narratives, is often undercut by implicit ideologies which reveal unconscious cultural assumptions. The cultural context at the time of textual production and consumption affects the representations of both the ideologies of gender and nation and yet the authority of myth and history combine to create a regressive depiction more in keeping with literature from the Victorian and post-World War II eras. This is explored through a review of the literature for children available since the Age of Reason, and the didactic model which has been prevalent throughout the Arthurian genre. This thesis explores why a regressive representation is appealing within a twenty-first century discourse through an engagement with theories of feminism(s) and postfeminism. This thesis ascertains why the psychology of myth affects the reimagining of Arthuriana, and explores the retrospective nature of intertextuality in order to reflect on the trend for regressive representations in children’s Arthurian literature.

Abstract The purpose of the 6-week qualitative study was to explore how Grade 1 children responded to five picturebooks by Anthony Browne during interactive read-alouds. The 13 participants and the other non-participants were organized into four mixed gender and mixed reading-ability groups. Data included transcripts from 20 small group read-aloud sessions and field notes that documented additional student affective responses to the texts. Other data included the children’s drawings that were completed after each picturebook small group read-aloud session, as well as transcripts of the students’ individual interviews about their artistic responses. Coding of student conversation turns during the read-aloud sessions revealed the identification of six categories of statements. These six categories were then applied to the students’ individual interview data to facilitate comparison between the two settings. The artwork and interviews of three students were analyzed as three individual cases and represented a sample of student readers of differing abilities. Data analysis of the read-aloud session transcripts revealed that labeling statements accounted for approximately one-third of all student comments. The remaining students’ statements were categorized as following: approximately one-quarter were character description, one-fifth were ‘other,’ (i.e. indecipherable statements and/or off-topic comments), approximately one-tenth were character feeling, less than one-tenth were autobiographical, and a small amount were intertextual in nature. The comparison of the three focus children’s individual interviews to their small group conversations revealed that the children generated a greater number of autobiographical statements during the individual interviews about their art. Implications for research and pedagogy included teaching and conducting research about visual literacy that involves pre- and post-treatment study, and examining children’s conversations about characters in picturebooks by numerous authors. / Graduate

This thesis scrutinises how regular mathematics teachers are expected to deal with empowerment in mathematics classroom practice. Inspired by a socio-political perspective, the aim of the study is to problematise how to empower mathematics students in inclusive classroom practice, as implicitly understood in a nationwide professional development programme, i.e., the Boost for Mathematics, in Sweden. The aim is addressed by the following research question: What types of empowering ideas are conveyed in the Boost for Mathematics? The data of the study were collected from supporting materials for teachers, published within the Boost for Mathematics. Data processing consists of two steps. Step 1 is a thematic analysis of how to promote student empowerment as discerned in the data of the study. In a nutshell, Step 1 clarifies that the data give prominence to ways of empowering students from a cognitive point-of-view while social difference is disregarded. Step 2 undertakes a critical approach and discusses an alternative way of treating empowerment; this alternative way is restricted to the design of participatory activities in inclusive classroom practice.

The hypothesis of this study is as follows: If Psalm 47 is analysed intra-, inter and extratextually, we will be able to gain greater insight into the cultural and historical context in which it originated, the cultic use of the Psalm in later periods, as well as its general meaning. All this is done to determine whether there are any indications of universalism in Psalm 47 and that has indeed been found to be the case on various grounds. Each chapter deals with one of these aspects. Chapter 1 forms the introduction that stipulates the research question and how the study will go about resolving it. Chapter 2 focuses on an intratextual analysis of Psalm 47 in an attempt to determine the interrelatedness of all textual features (morphology, syntax, poetic stratagems, structure, genre) on the literary level. This analysis will aid the interpreter in establishing a structure of the text, suggesting one that could meet with relative consensus amongst some exegetes. It, in turn, forms the framework for the socio-historical interpretation of the text. Other interpretation problems such as its Gattung, Sitz im Leben and dating are also discussed in this section. Chapter 3 investigates Psalm 47 from an intertextual perspective. Attention is paid to similarities with other texts in the immediate and more remote context of the psalm. An intertextual analysis is conducted between Psalm 47 and Psalms 46 and 48, and a brief overview of intertextual relations between Psalm 47 and the rest of the Korahite Psalms are given. Here the study links up with a recent trend in Psalms research, namely to concentrate less upon individual poems and their so-called Sitz im Leben and more upon the composition and redaction of the Psalter as a book especially by focussing on concatenation of a psalm and the psalms which follow on it and precede it. Attention is also given to a spatial reading of these texts to understand how they fit into the Ancient Near Eastern spatial orientation, but also transcend it. Chapter 4 consists of an extratextual analysis of Psalm 47. It had three aims: First, to identify and explain terminology referring to patronage and how patron-client/vassal relationships functioned in the Ancient Near East. This was done through a socio-scientific investigation of the poem in its social context, in order to understand the behaviour of the different role-players in the psalm. Second, to identify and explain war terminology occurring in Psalm 47. Third, to “illustrate” the psalm by investigating Ancient Near Eastern iconography and art. The main goal of this chapter was to gain a clearer understanding of the relationship between Israel and her neighbours. Are the nations considered to be incorporated into Israel or do they function merely as a vassal to their patron in Psalm 47:10? Chapter 5 is a summary of the insights gained in the previous chapters. It critically discusses the results of the study, the conclusions reached, the contribution of this work to the field of study, areas opened for further research, and possible shortcomings in the researcher’s own approach. Copyright / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Ancient Languages / unrestricted