Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2017-02-20T21:07:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o vers?o definitiva.pdf: 3241390 bytes, checksum: ff59d669fa1bb403bb8bada5f77098f0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-20T21:07:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o vers?o definitiva.pdf: 3241390 bytes, checksum: ff59d669fa1bb403bb8bada5f77098f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-17 / This dissertation is the result of a research carried out in the Post-Graduate Education in Research Line 2: Culture, Formation and Pedagogical Practices, in the Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, which aims to analyze the results of a program intervention consists of phonological awareness activities and educational activities of the letter-sound relationships for understanding the alphabetic principle in students of the 3rd grade of elementary school who failed to ensure the reading and writing learning at the right time. At the end of the literacy cycle, many children don?t even guaranteed basic skills of reading and writing, presenting difficulties in understanding the alphabetic principle. Many researches show that there is influence of phonological awareness on children's performance in the written language appropriation. Other studies suggest that intervention programs in phonological awareness are positive for learning of children with difficulties in reading and writing. Researches have suggested that the development of phonological awareness skills linked to the explicit teaching of letter-sound relationships favors a more effective way, the discovery of the alphabetic principle by the child. Thus, to achieve the established objective, we conducted an experimental nature of research carried out in five phases: pre-test, application of the First Phase of the intervention program, post-test 1, implementation of Second Phase of the intervention program and post-test 2. The data found in the reading and writing tests the children were analyzed in qualitative and quantitative approach. The results revealed that the participation of students in the research group in phonological awareness program, and teaching of letter-sound relationships provided an opportunity a breakthrough in the understanding of the alphabetic principle, highlighting the importance of investing in metalinguistic skills and systematic teaching of grapheme-phoneme correspondences in the literacy process. The data presented in this study suggest important educational implications with regard to teacher formation and the use of metalinguistic skills development activities, such as phonological awareness, in addition to systematic and orderly teaching of grapheme-phoneme correspondences. / Esta disserta??o ? o resultado de uma pesquisa desenvolvida no Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Educa??o, na Linha de Pesquisa 2: Culturas, Forma??o e Pr?ticas Pedag?gicas, da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, que tem por objetivo analisar os resultados de um programa de interven??o composto por atividades de consci?ncia fonol?gica e atividades de ensino das rela??es letra-som para a compreens?o do princ?pio alfab?tico com alunos do 3? ano do Ensino Fundamental que n?o conseguiram garantir a aprendizagem da leitura e da escrita no momento adequado. Ao final do ciclo de alfabetiza??o, muitas crian?as ainda n?o garantiram compet?ncias b?sicas de leitura e escrita, apresentando dificuldades na compreens?o do princ?pio alfab?tico. In?meras pesquisas realizadas mostram que h? influ?ncia da consci?ncia fonol?gica no desempenho das crian?as na apropria??o da linguagem escrita. Outros estudos sugerem que programas de interven??o em consci?ncia fonol?gica apresentam resultados positivos na aprendizagem de crian?as com dificuldades na leitura e na escrita. Pesquisas t?m sugerido que o desenvolvimento de habilidades de consci?ncia fonol?gica atrelado ao ensino expl?cito das rela??es letra-som favorece, de uma forma mais efetiva, a descoberta do princ?pio alfab?tico pela crian?a. Dessa forma, para alcan?armos o objetivo tra?ado, realizamos uma investiga??o de natureza experimental realizada com um grupo controle (GC) e um grupo de pesquisa (GP), em cinco fases: pr?-teste, aplica??o da I fase do programa de interven??o, p?s-teste 1, aplica??o da II fase do programa de interven??o e p?s-teste 2. Os dados encontrados nos testes de leitura e escrita das crian?as foram analisados nas abordagens qualitativa e quantitativa. Os resultados revelaram que a participa??o dos alunos do grupo de pesquisa no programa de consci?ncia fonol?gica e ensino das rela??es letra-som oportunizou um avan?o na compreens?o do princ?pio alfab?tico, evidenciando a import?ncia do investimento nas habilidades metalingu?sticas e no ensino sistem?tico das correspond?ncias grafema-fonema no processo de alfabetiza??o. Os dados apresentados nesta pesquisa sugerem importantes implica??es educacionais, no que diz respeito ? forma??o de professores e ? utiliza??o de atividades de desenvolvimento de habilidades metalingu?sticas, tais como a consci?ncia fonol?gica, al?m do ensino l?dico, sistem?tico e ordenado das correspond?ncias grafema-fonema.

In Anlehnung an das Self-Regulated-Strategy-Development-Modell von Harris und Graham (1996) wurde das Selbstregulatorische Aufsatztraining (SAT) zur Förderung der Schreibkompetenz bei Grundschülern der 4. und 5. Klasse entwickelt. SAT integriert die Vermittlung von Schreibstrategien (hier: „Erzählendes Schreiben“) mit Merkmalen selbstgesteuerten Lernens (Zielsetzung, strategisches Planen, Selbstbewertung und Selbstkorrektur). <br><br> Die Wirksamkeit des Trainings wurde in drei Studien untersucht: 1. Eine Pilotstudie diente der Überprüfung der prinzipiellen Eignung von SAT zur Förderung von Schreibleistungen bei Grundschülern der 5. Klassen (N = 42) und der Optimierung seiner Teilkomponenten und Vorgehensweisen. 2. In der Hauptuntersuchung wurden die Effektivität und Nachhaltigkeit des SAT-Programms bei Schülern der 4. Klasse (N = 154) im Vergleich zu zwei Bedingungen getestet: (a) der isolierten Einübung von Schreibstrategien (Aufsatztraining) und (b) konventionellem Aufsatzunterricht (Unterrichtskontrollgruppe). 3. In einer weiteren Studie wurde die Wirksamkeit des Trainings speziell bei Schülern mit ungünstigen Lernvoraussetzungen überprüft; die Studie diente zudem der Illustration des dabei gewählten Vorgehens am Einzelfall (N = 6). <br><br> Die ermittelten Befunde sprechen übereinstimmend dafür, dass die Kombination aus strategischem plus selbstregulatorischem Training (SAT) die stärksten und nachhaltigsten Effekte auf die Schreibleistung erzielt. Der Trainingseffekt generalisiert zudem auf die Erinnerungsleistung bei der freien Wiedergabe einer Kurzgeschichte. Schüler mit schwachen Aufsatzleistungen und ungünstigen Lernvoraussetzungen profitieren von dem SAT-Programm in besonderem Maße. <br><br> In der Diskussion werden Aufgaben für die zukünftige Forschung erörtert. Forschungsbedarf besteht u.a. hinsichtlich (a) einer stärkeren Verknüpfung von Schreibtrainings mit der kognitionspsychologischen Forschung; (b) der Dekomposition und gezielten Überprüfung der einzelnen Trainingskomponenten; (c) der Ausweitung des SAT-Programms auf andere Textgenre; (d) der Integration verfeinerter Revisionsstrategien in das Förderprogramm; und (e) dessen Implementierung in den Regelunterricht. / Extending on Harris and Graham′s (1996) Self-Regulated-Strategy-Development-Model, I designed an curriculum-integrated intervention program (SAT) to promote the composition skills of elementary school-age students. SAT combines the instruction of task strategies required to write good narratives with the explicit instruction of self-regulation procedures (goal setting, strategic planning, self-evaluation, self-correction). <br><br> Three studies examined the effectiveness of the training: 1. A pilot study investigated the viability of the SAT-program among 5th graders (N = 42) and served to refine its components and procedures. 2. In a sample of 4th graders (N = 154), the main study tested the strength and stability of the SAT effects in relation to two comparison groups: (a) Students who were taught the same set of task strategies but received no instruction in self-regulation procedures (strategy-only condition); (b) students who received conventional classroom teaching in composing (control condition). (3.) A third study served to examine the effectiveness of the SAT-program in a group of low achieving 5th graders and to illustrate its instructional steps in a number of single cases (N = 6). <br><br> Results obtained from these studies converge in showing that a writing program that conjointly addresses both task strategies and self-regulation procedures (SAT) is most effective in producing strong and lasting effects on elementary school students′ composing skills and generalization performance. Among all students, low achievers were most likely to benefit from the SAT-program. <br><br> The discussion highlights a number of issues for future research on writing. Specifically, it is argued that there is a need to (a) further explore the cognitive and meta-cognitive processes underlying good writing, (b) examine the effectiveness of specific training components incorporated in the present version of SAT, (c) crossvalidate the reported SAT effects with respect to various writing genre, (d) incorporate more elaborated revision strategies into the training program, and (e) implement components and procedures specified in SAT into conventional classroom teaching.

This study had the dual purpose of determining the anthropometric and motor development status of street children as well as to establish the effect of an intervention programme on their motor development. The first aim of the study was to determine the anthropometric and motor development status of street children. The children were selected from a sample of street children living in a state-run shelter. Twenty eight children (20 boys and 8 girls) between the ages of 7 and 14 were measured to determine their anthropometric and motor development status. The anthropometric measures included stature, mass, body-mass index (BMI), and two skin folds (subscapular and triceps). The measurements were performed according to the protocol of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). The results of the anthropometric measurements showed that the street children are shorter, lighter and have a lower BMI and smaller skin folds than the norm for children of the same age. The sample exhibited a prevalence of malnutrition. The same subjects who were tested to determine the anthropometric composition (except for four children, who had since left the shelter) were used to determine the motor development status. The gross motor, fine motor and neuromotor functions were tested to determine the motor development status. This was determined by means of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test II of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP), the Sensory Input Screening Instrument and a section of the Quick Neurological Screening Test II. The results showed that the motor (gross motor, fine motor and neuromotor) development of the street children is below the standard norms. The second aim of the study was to determine the effect of an intervention programme on the motor development of street children. The same subjects who were tested to determine the motor development status (except for four children, who had since left the shelter) were used to determine the effect of a motor intervention programme. Seventeen boys and 7 girls between the ages of 7 and 14 years were randomly selected and divided into an experimental (n=13) and a control group (n= 11). A 10-week motor intervention programme that consisted of bi-weekly sessions of 45 minutes was implemented. The affectivity of this was evaluated by a post-test. The programme consisted of perceptual motor, sensory integration and task specific activities using the integrated method. The main components, which were addressed in the lessons, were bilateral integration, response speed, hand skills, muscle tone, motor planning, equilibrium, vestibular function and vision strengthening activities. The program was presented by a qualified kinderkineticist. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP), the Sensory Input Screening Instrument and a section of the Quick Neurological Screening Test I1 were applied to determine the effect of the intervention programme. Covariance of analysis, correcting for pre-testing differences between the groups, indicated improvement of the Bruininks-Oseretsky-Test Total as well as in fine motor skills and upper limb speed in the experimental group. Vestibular and vision functions also increased significantly in this group, which might have contributed to the improvement in fine motor development. All these improvements showed a high practical significance (ES>0.8). Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that the physical growth and motor development deficits as well as the positive effects of the intervention program, as identified in this study be brought under the attention of relevant persons in state organizations and private institutions, which are involved with street children. / Thesis (M.A. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

Récemment, un nombre grandissant de jeunes ayant des troubles du comportement ont été intégrés dans les classes régulières. Afin de soutenir cette intégration, plusieurs programmes d’intervention ont émergé et été implantés dans les écoles québécoises. Parmi ces programmes, on retrouve le programme l’Allié, qui se distingue des autres, notamment, par l’utilisation de pairs aidants. Ce cadre d’intervention prometteur soulève cependant certains questionnements sur la possibilité d’influence négative entre les jeunes. L’objectif de l’étude est de décrire, dans une approche comportementale, le processus d'influence entre pairs. Une méthodologie d’observation systématique des interactions sociales est privilégiée. Les résultats indiquent qu’il n’y a pas eu d’influence négative dans les groupes l’Allié. Les comportements perturbateurs ont eu plus de chances de cesser lorsque les participants les ont ignorés, que lorsque les pairs ont réagi à ces comportements. L’ignorance intentionnelle d’un comportement semble donc constituer un processus d’influence important dans les groupes de jeunes. / In recent years, a growing number of students with behavioral disorders have been integrated into regular classrooms. Various intervention programs have emerged to support this integration, with many being implemented in Quebec’s schools. One of these programs, the Ally intervention program, distinguishes itself from others, notably, through its use of peer helpers. Though very promising, this intervention framework raises some questions about the possibility of negative influence among the children. The goal of this study is to describe, in a behavioral approach, the influence process in social interactions between peers. Systematic observation is the method selected to conduct this study. Results indicate that there was no negative influence in Ally groups. Furthermore, a disruptive behavior was more likely to stop when participants ignored it, than when peers responded to it. Selective ignoring of behavior thus seems to be an important influential process in groups made up of children.

This study had the dual purpose of determining the anthropometric and motor development status of street children as well as to establish the effect of an intervention programme on their motor development. The first aim of the study was to determine the anthropometric and motor development status of street children. The children were selected from a sample of street children living in a state-run shelter. Twenty eight children (20 boys and 8 girls) between the ages of 7 and 14 were measured to determine their anthropometric and motor development status. The anthropometric measures included stature, mass, body-mass index (BMI), and two skin folds (subscapular and triceps). The measurements were performed according to the protocol of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). The results of the anthropometric measurements showed that the street children are shorter, lighter and have a lower BMI and smaller skin folds than the norm for children of the same age. The sample exhibited a prevalence of malnutrition. The same subjects who were tested to determine the anthropometric composition (except for four children, who had since left the shelter) were used to determine the motor development status. The gross motor, fine motor and neuromotor functions were tested to determine the motor development status. This was determined by means of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test II of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP), the Sensory Input Screening Instrument and a section of the Quick Neurological Screening Test II. The results showed that the motor (gross motor, fine motor and neuromotor) development of the street children is below the standard norms. The second aim of the study was to determine the effect of an intervention programme on the motor development of street children. The same subjects who were tested to determine the motor development status (except for four children, who had since left the shelter) were used to determine the effect of a motor intervention programme. Seventeen boys and 7 girls between the ages of 7 and 14 years were randomly selected and divided into an experimental (n=13) and a control group (n= 11). A 10-week motor intervention programme that consisted of bi-weekly sessions of 45 minutes was implemented. The affectivity of this was evaluated by a post-test. The programme consisted of perceptual motor, sensory integration and task specific activities using the integrated method. The main components, which were addressed in the lessons, were bilateral integration, response speed, hand skills, muscle tone, motor planning, equilibrium, vestibular function and vision strengthening activities. The program was presented by a qualified kinderkineticist. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP), the Sensory Input Screening Instrument and a section of the Quick Neurological Screening Test I1 were applied to determine the effect of the intervention programme. Covariance of analysis, correcting for pre-testing differences between the groups, indicated improvement of the Bruininks-Oseretsky-Test Total as well as in fine motor skills and upper limb speed in the experimental group. Vestibular and vision functions also increased significantly in this group, which might have contributed to the improvement in fine motor development. All these improvements showed a high practical significance (ES>0.8). Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that the physical growth and motor development deficits as well as the positive effects of the intervention program, as identified in this study be brought under the attention of relevant persons in state organizations and private institutions, which are involved with street children. / Thesis (M.A. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

Background. Heart failure (HF) which is a chronic, disabling disorder is mainly found in older people and is one of the leading causes of hospitalisation and readmission around the world. Unfortunately, the mortality and morbidity rates for HF remain high. HF is a complex combination of symptoms which are related to an inadequate perfusion of the body tissues caused by fluid and sodium retention. Hence, enhancing HF patients’ self-efficacy to change their behaviours to perform fluid & sodium control is one of the most important issues for the management of HF. A self-management program has the potential to raise self-efficacy and self-care which is a method to improve health for those with chronic illness and to decrease patients’ health service utilisation and also to enhance these patients’ health status. Aim. The study aims to examine the effectiveness of a self-management program, based on self-efficacy theory, in older people with heart failure in Taiwan. Methods. An experimental design was used to examine the effectiveness of a self-management program on diet and fluid control among HF patients. A total of 93 subjects from two medical centres in Taiwan were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. In order to examine the effectiveness of self-management, data were collected at baseline, week 4, and week 12 using the following instruments: self-efficacy for salt and fluid control, HF self-management behaviour, HF related symptoms, and body weight. Moreover, health service utilisation and patient’s evaluation of care received were collected on all patients for the 12 weeks prior to commencing the study and for the 12 week study period. Demographic and disease information was also collected including age, gender, marital state, education, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification. A structured, individualized self-management training program created by the investigator was implemented for the intervention group through home visits and telephone follow-ups. This program emphasized self-monitoring of diet control and body weight for the self-management of heart failure. The purpose was to improve patients’ self-efficacy in their diet control behaviour. The “diet control” in this study focussed on sodium and fluid restriction. Outcome measures were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 15.0 version, and the level of significance (á) was set at 0.05 for statistical analysis. Results. There were differences for older Taiwanese HF patients’ self-efficacy for salt and fluid control, self-management behaviour, and HF related symptoms for participants who received a self-management intervention compared to those who did not. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in weight and health serves utilization (p>.001). Conclusion. The self-management program had a positive impact on the improvement of self-efficacy for salt and fluid control, HF related self-management behaviours and symptoms in older Taiwanese with HF. This program may bridge the gap between theory and practice. Health care providers need to provide older people in Taiwan with HF the appropriate skills for self-managing their condition and thereby promoting their health status. These patients with HF and their caregivers have to receive individualized education that emphasizes self-efficacy in the self-management of their disease, thus improving their quality of life.

Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-08-16T18:00:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseARLS.pdf: 1226089 bytes, checksum: f9b0f71fd6df402c4cbe47b4b483be8d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (producaointelectual.bco@ufscar.br) on 2017-10-31T16:19:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseARLS.pdf: 1226089 bytes, checksum: f9b0f71fd6df402c4cbe47b4b483be8d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (producaointelectual.bco@ufscar.br) on 2017-10-31T16:19:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseARLS.pdf: 1226089 bytes, checksum: f9b0f71fd6df402c4cbe47b4b483be8d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-31T16:23:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseARLS.pdf: 1226089 bytes, checksum: f9b0f71fd6df402c4cbe47b4b483be8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / This research encompass two studies. The objectives of Study A composed by two steps: Stage 1- In the period of 10 years (2005 – 2014), identify and analyze theses and dissertations produced in Brazilian graduate program with objective of development proposal of Early Intervention Programs for children's development were identified and analyzed to seek main variables studied; and Stage 2: - The proposals of Early Intervention Programs developed that identified in previous stage were characterized and assessed. The Study B described evaluations of Early Intervention Programs after the event of researchers responsible for proposal and execution, as well as continuity of work after conclusion of research. The Study A based on data from the Theses and Dissertations Bank of Brazilian Digital Library (BDTD), whose search descriptors were: early attention, early stimulation, essential stimulation, child stimulation, child development stimulation, early intervention, development surveillance and screening of development. According to two independent judges with pre-defined criteria of inclusion and exclusion, this Study analyzed 25 cases integrally. In step 1, the protocol "Early Intervention Programs Characterization" (PIP) used to systematize information about participants, methodological considerations, intervention characteristics, studied variables, results, limitations and future studies, whose results indicated a predominance of indirect PIPs (13/25) that worked with training and formation of mediators. The presence of children in the PIP varied between forms of individual participation and groups. The mediators of the mixed intervention studies, who participated in PIP, along with children, were mainly parents / guardians. The categories of limitations and / or risks for development: Prevention, Risk and Disability, with a higher incidence of studies in category of Risks. Only one research used an equal control group design and follow-up evaluation was presented in three studies. Ten programs concurred with traditional paradigm and new paradigm, only one study presented characteristics of New Paradigm and the Family-Centered Model. The contexts in which interventions carried out were residences, kindergartens and university. Indirect interventions had a longer duration when compared to direct interventions. The target behaviors / abilities of intervention related to child development and parental and professional training. The results mostly evaluated as positive regardless of intervention type performed. Only three studies indicated non-effective results. 14 studies indicated limitations regarding both research design / procedure and intervention program. Questions raised for future research on methodology, such as longitudinal studies, extension of intervention, extension of sample searched and higher frequency of evaluations. Family demands related to parental / caregiver adherence to intervention programs, parents / child bonding and family / school relationship, and in professional context, knowledge about health surveillance and development surveillance was highlighted. In step 2, the protocol "Evaluation of Early Intervention Programs" (adapted from Mendes, 2010) used to analyze the programs within the community, family, child and intervention program, whose results indicated that community level, 14 studies did not indicate referral procedures, used voluntary or convenience samples. The eligibility criteria for PIPs quite diverse; 18 studies did not mention screening procedures for participation in program; information to families generally provided at beginning of program and it is also possible to inform that IPPs more directed to interests of researchers than to real needs of population. At the family level it can be verified that host interview and presentation the PIP were more frequent than actions that involved planning of support to families. At children's level, studies focused on social life and child autonomy. At PIP level, they showed more frequently performance of a single professional, without specific training; with activity plans that presented some information gaps such as: objectives, materials, teaching and registration procedures; few revisions in intervention proposals observed, with main concern in effectiveness of programs, whose evaluations based on non-standardized instruments. In the Step 1 results indicated that there was indirect predominance of PIPs (13/25) that worked with training, mediator development. The presence of children in PIP varied between individual forms participation and groups. Mediators of mixed intervention Studies, who participated in PIP, along with the children, were mainly the parents / guardians. Limitations and / or risks for development had been categorized: Prevention, Risk and Disability, with a higher incidence of studies in the category of Risks. Just one research used control group design and follow-up assessment presented by three Studies. Ten programs concomitantly met traditional paradigm and new paradigm, just one study presented characteristics of New Paradigm and the Family-Centered Model. The interventions carried out in residences, kindergartens and university. Indirect interventions had a longer duration when compared to direct interventions. The target behaviors / skills of intervention related to child development and parental and professional development. Independent of type of intervention performed, the results mostly evaluated as positive. Only three research indicated non-effective results. 14 studies indicated relative limitations to research design / procedure and intervention program. For future research, questions relating to methodology was highlighted, such as longitudinal studies, extension of intervention, extension of sample surveyed, higher frequency of evaluations. In family context, demands referred to participation of parents / caregivers in intervention programs, parents / child bond and family / school relationship, and in professional scope, knowledge about surveillance of development and health / education integration highlighted. Step 2 results indicated that in 14 studies there were no referral procedures in community analyzes level whose samples were voluntary or convenience; diversified eligibility criteria for PIPs; 18 studies no mention screening procedures for participation in the program; information had been provided in beginning of program for family; it is possible inform that PIPs more directed to researchers interests than real needs of population. In family level, it can verify that foster interview and PIP presentation were more frequent than actions with planning of support to families. In children's level, the studies focused on social life and children's autonomy. In PIP level emphasized more frequently performance of single professional, without specific qualification; activity plans with some gaps information such as: objectives, materials, teaching and registration procedures; few revisions in intervention proposals were observed, with main concern in effectiveness of programs, whose evaluations were based on non-standardized instruments. Study B analyzed posteriori assessment of researchers responsible for proposing and executing the Early Intervention Programs, as well as their continuity after their conclusion. Ten researchers answered a questionnaire with following topics: validity period, institutional support, concomitance between closure of research and program, and assessment of program regarding objectives / focus of intervention, screening procedures and evaluation procedures, family participation, engaged professionals, child development and results obtained vs expected. The results had been indicated that programs lasted up to 12 months; six of them had financial support; closure of the programs occurred concurrently in eight of them; it were positively evaluated by their proponents; it presented questions to be improved regarding theoretical reference, organization and planning of actions to be developed. It can indicate that research involving early intervention presented are important initiatives to deal to early stimulation in children with different risk factors and / or disabilities and producing knowledge in Brazilian context. / Esta pesquisa foi organizada em dois estudos. O Estudo A, composto por duas etapas, teve por objetivos: Etapa 1 - identificar e analisar, no período de 10 anos (2005-2014), as teses e dissertações produzidas em programas de pós-graduação brasileiros que tiveram o objetivo de desenvolver propostas de Programas de Intervenção Precoce para o desenvolvimento infantil buscando captar as principais variáveis estudadas e, Etapa 2 - caracterizar e avaliar as propostas de Programas de Intervenção Precoce desenvolvidas nas pesquisas identificadas na etapa anterior. O Estudo B objetivou descrever as avaliações dos Programas de Intervenção Precoce a posteriori dos pesquisadores responsáveis pela proposição e execução, bem como a continuidade do trabalho após a conclusão da pesquisa. O Estudo A teve como fonte de dados o Banco da Biblioteca Brasileira Digital de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD), cujos descritores de busca foram: atenção precoce, estimulação precoce, estimulação essencial, estimulação infantil, estimulação do desenvolvimento infantil, intervenção precoce, vigilância do desenvolvimento e triagem do desenvolvimento. A seleção dos estudos foi realizada por dois juízes independentes de acordo com critérios de inclusão e exclusão pré-definidos, chegando a um total de 25 estudos analisados na íntegra. Na Etapa 1 foi utilizado o protocolo “Caracterização dos Programas de Intervenção Precoce” (PIP) com o objetivo de sistematizar informações referentes aos participantes, considerações metodológicas, características da intervenção, variáveis estudadas, resultados, limitações e futuros estudos, cujos resultados indicaram um predomínio de PIP indiretos (13/25) que trabalharam com a capacitação e formação de mediadores. A presença das crianças nos PIP variou entre as formas de participação individual e grupos. Os mediadores dos estudos com intervenção mista que participaram dos PIP, juntamente com as crianças, foram principalmente os pais/responsáveis. As limitações e/ou riscos para o desenvolvimento foram categorizadas em: Prevenção, Risco e Deficiências, havendo uma maior incidência de estudos na categoria de Riscos. Apenas uma pesquisa empregou delineamento com grupo controle equivalente e a avaliação de follow-up foi apresentada em três estudos. Dez programas atendiam concomitantemente ao paradigma tradicional e novo paradigma, apenas um estudo apresentou características do Novo Paradigma e do Modelo centrado na família. Os contextos nos quais as intervenções se realizaram foram residências, creches e universidade. As intervenções indiretas apresentaram uma duração maior quando comparadas às diretas. As habilidades/comportamentos alvo da intervenção estavam relacionadas ao desenvolvimento infantil e a capacitação parental e profissional. Os resultados foram majoritariamente avaliados como positivo independentemente do tipo de intervenção realizada. Apenas três estudos indicaram resultados não efetivos. 14 estudos indicaram limitações relativas tanto ao delineamento/procedimento da pesquisa quanto ao programa de intervenção. Foram assinaladas questões para futuras pesquisas relativas à metodologia, como, por exemplo, estudos longitudinais, extensão da intervenção, ampliação da amostra pesquisada e maior frequência das avaliações. As demandas no âmbito familiar se referiram a adesão de pais/cuidadores aos programas de intervenção, vínculo pais/criança e relação família/escola e, no âmbito profissional, destacaram-se o conhecimento sobre vigilância do desenvolvimento e integração saúde/educação. Na Etapa 2 foi empregado o protocolo “Avaliação dos Programas de Intervenção Precoce” para análise dos programas no âmbito da comunidade, família, criança e programa de intervenção, cujos resultados indicaram que, no nível da comunidade, 14 estudos não indicaram procedimentos de encaminhamentos, utilizaram amostras voluntárias ou de conveniência. Os critérios de elegibilidade para os PIP foram bastante diversificados; 18 estudos não fizeram menção aos procedimentos de triagem para a participação no programa; as informações às famílias eram fornecidas em geral no início do programa e, é possível, também, informar que os PIP foram mais voltados aos interesses dos pesquisadores do que às reais necessidades da população. No nível da família pode-se verificar que a entrevista de acolhimento e apresentação do PIP foram mais frequentes do que ações que envolviam planejamento de apoio às famílias. No nível das crianças, os estudos focaram a vida social e autonomia infantil. No nível dos PIP evidenciaram mais frequentemente a atuação de um único profissional, sem formação específica; com planos de atividades que apresentavam algumas lacunas de informações como: objetivos, materiais, procedimentos de ensino e de registro; foram observadas poucas revisões nas propostas de intervenção, com principal preocupação na eficácia dos programas, cujas avaliações foram baseadas em instrumentos não padronizados. Do Estudo B participaram 10 pesquisadores que responderam a um questionário que continha os seguintes tópicos: período de vigência, apoio institucional, concomitância entre o encerramento da pesquisa e do programa, e avaliação do programa quanto a objetivos/foco da intervenção, procedimentos de triagem e de avaliação, participação da família, profissionais envolvidos, desenvolvimento da criança e resultados obtidos x esperados. Os resultados indicaram que: os programas duraram até 12 meses; seis deles tiveram apoio financeiro; o encerramento dos programas aconteceu de forma concomitante em oito deles; foram avaliados positivamente por seus proponentes; apresentaram questões a serem aprimoradas quanto ao referencial teórico, a organização e planejamento das ações a serem desenvolvidas. Pode-se indicar que as pesquisas envolvendo intervenção precoce apresentadas aqui são iniciativas importantes em lidar com a estimulação precoce em crianças com diferentes fatores de risco e/ou deficiências e produzir conhecimentos no contexto brasileiro. / CAPES: 23211504

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No. of bitstreams: 1 xymenes_trindade_fernandes.pdf: 2411935 bytes, checksum: 8b4995774a6e87506c27f7b2f3d13cc2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / O Programa de Interven??o Pedag?gica II (PIP II) ? tem?tica dessa pesquisa que materializou-se na Escola Estadual Professor Leopoldo Miranda (EEPLM), em Diamantina ? MG, vinculada ? Linha de Pesquisa Pol?ticas P?blicas e Educacionais, teve, como objetivo geral analisar a efetividade do Programa de Interven??o Pedag?gica II na Escola Estadual Professor Leopoldo Miranda, no per?odo de 2011 a 2013. Os objetivos espec?ficos oportunizaram: conhecer o Programa de Interven??o Pedag?gica II na Escola Estadual Professor Leopoldo Miranda no per?odo de 2011 a 2013; analisar a efetividade do PIP II com base no Guia de Organiza??o e Reorganiza??o do PIP 2013; e analisar os elementos que dificultaram a efetividade do PIP II na EEPLM. Quanto ? natureza e abordagem metodol?gica, essa pesquisa ? qualitativa, possuindo caracter?sticas metodol?gicas descritivas e anal?ticas. Apresenta-se por um estudo de caso, tendo, como t?cnica, a pesquisa documental, utilizando a an?lise de conte?do para interpreta??o dos dados. A delimita??o da pesquisa deu-se no 9? ano do Ensino Fundamental por ser nessa fase de ensino a ocorr?ncia de avalia??o pelo Programa de Avalia??o da Rede P?blica da Educa??o B?sica (PROEB) que subsidia a organiza??o e reorganiza??o do PIP II nas escolas. Os resultados obtidos mostram o desenvolvimento de a??es pela escola, visando atender as necessidades para que o ensino-aprendizagem acontecesse com ?xito, por?m evidenciaram-se quest?es dificultadoras do processo de ensino-aprendizagem relacionadas ? falta de comprometimento dos alunos com os estudos e a pouca participa??o da fam?lia, ? indisciplina, ? viol?ncia e ao comprometimento do professor, ? orienta??es pedag?gicas equivocadas por parte de inspetor escolar, ? dificuldade na utiliza??o do Curr?culo B?sico Comum, ao fracasso na efetiva??o da interdisciplinaridade, ao privil?gio no atendimento ?s disciplinas de Matem?tica e L?ngua Portuguesa em detrimento das demais, ?s dificuldades na participa??o dos alunos na avali??o do PROEB, ao grande quantitativo de alunos em progress?o parcial, ?s a??es do PIP II voltadas para o treinamento de habilidades e compet?ncias, ao n?mero reduzido de analistas para o atendimento ?s escolas, ?s dificuldade de acesso aos munic?pios pelos analistas, ?s caracter?sticas e dimens?es territoriais, ?s condi??es socioecon?micas dos alunos, ? falta de recursos para o desenvolvimento do trabalho, ? aus?ncia de diagn?stico da realidade para implementa??o de pol?ticas p?blicas, a desvaloriza??o dos profissionais da educa??o, ?s condi??es prec?rias de trabalho nas escolas, ? viol?ncia dos alunos contra professores, diretores e colegas de classe, ? valoriza??o de avalia??o quantitativa em detrimento da qualitativa, ? aus?ncia de forma??o interdisciplinar para os professores e equipe pedag?gica, e, ainda, sobrecarga de trabalho, tanto para os professores, quanto para os analistas do PIP II. A hip?tese levantada nessa pesquisa confirmou-se, ou seja, o Programa de Interven??o Pedag?gica II n?o se mostrou efetivo, uma vez que n?o houve melhoria para os alunos do 9? ano em rela??o ao ensino de qualidade, / Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Gest?o de Institui??es Educacionais, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2015. / The Educational Intervention Program II (PIP II), is theme of this research that materialized at the State School Professor Leopoldo Miranda (EEPLM) in Diamantina - MG, linked to the Research Line of Public Policy and Education, aimed to: analyze the effectiveness of Pedagogical Intervention Program II at the State School Professor Leopoldo Miranda in the period from 2011 to 2013. The specific objectives gives opportunity to know the Pedagogical Intervention Program II at the State School Professor Leopoldo Miranda in the period from 2011 to 2013; analyze the effectiveness of PIP II based on the Organization and Reorganization guide of the PIP 2013; and analyze the elements that hampered the effectiveness of PIP II in EEPLM. About the nature and methodological approach this research is qualitative, having descriptive and analytical methodological characteristics. It is presented by a case study, with the documentary research technique using the content analysis to analysis and interpretation of data. The delimitations of the research took place in the 9th grade of elementary school to be in this educational stage the occurrence of evaluation by the evaluation program of the Public Network in the Basic Education (PROEB) that supports the organization and reorganization of the PIP II in schools. The results show the development of actions by the school, to meet the needs for the teaching and learning happen successfully, but it became clear cause difficulties issues of the teaching-learning process related to the lack of commitment of students with the studies and the little family participation, the indiscipline , violence and the teacher commitment, misleading pedagogical guidelines by the school inspector, the difficulty in using the Common Basic Curriculum to fail in the execution of the interdisciplinarity, the privilege in attendance ace of math and Portuguese to the detriment of others, the difficulties in students' participation in the Evaluation of the PROEB, the large quantitative of students in partial progress, the actions of PIP II focused to the training of skills and competences, the small number of analysts to attend the schools, the difficult of access to municipalities by analysts, the characteristics and territorial dimensions, the socio economic conditions of the students, lack of resources to the development work, the absence of diagnostic of the reality for implementation of public policies, devaluation of education professionals, the poor working conditions in schools, violence by the students against teachers, principals and classmates, the appreciation of quantitative evaluation over the qualitative, the lack of interdisciplinary training for teachers and teaching staff and also work overload for both teachers and analysts of PIP II. The raised hypothesis in this study was confirmed. So The Pedagogical Intervention program II was not effective, since there was no improvement to the students of the 9th grade in relation to quality education

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:30:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2969.pdf: 1760258 bytes, checksum: df7162f01bd13f6099ff31a6651415ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-26 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The ageing of the Brazilian population comes accompanied by a growing number of cases of dementia, especially cases involving Alzheimer&#8223;s disease, as the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is directly related to age. Given that the majority of the Brazilian elderly are community-dwelling, but that there are few services for elderly people with dementia or for their caregivers, these families must discover, with or without adequate information, how to care for this person. This study focuses on the development and evaluation of an in-home intervention program, which aimed to improve the caregivers&#8223; capacity to act as therapeutic agents, increasing their abilities to maintain their own wellbeing and to promote the cognitive wellbeing of their relative with dementia, emphasizing the preparation of the caregivers to conduct cognitively stimulating activities. Five pairs of older people with dementia and their caregivers participated in this quasi-experimental study. To evaluate the impacts of the intervention program on the caregivers, data were collected before the beginning and after the conclusion of the program, using the following instruments: Zarit s Caregiver Burden Inventory, the Social Skills Inventory (Brazilian version), a qualitative evaluation of selected social skills, Lipp s Adult Stress Symptoms Inventory, knowledge acquisition tests (to evaluate the retention of new concepts at the end of each module), and a complementary questionnaire (to identify behaviors presented by the elderly relative that the caregiver considered to be problematic, how they managed these behaviors, and what they did to keep their relative active). Although cognitive stimulation can retard the progress of dementia, it cannot stop the advance of these diseases. A decrease in the elderly people&#8223;s abilities during the intervention period would have a negative impact on indicators of the caregivers&#8223; wellbeing, interfering with the evaluation of the program. As such, the elderly people were also evaluated using the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) and the Pfeffer Examination for Functional Activities (PEFA). Results concerning the impacts of the intervention program for the caregivers indicated statistically significant differences for: (a) a reduction in stress levels, t(4) = 4.47, p = 0,011, (b) an improvement in the caregivers&#8223; average scores on the knowledge acquisition tests, t(4) = 23.91, p < 0,001, (c) a trend indicating improvement in the Social Skills Inventory scores (Brazilian version), t(4) = 2,36, p = 0,77, and (d) according to the results gained via the complementary questionnaire, a 57% improvement in the use of strategies to manage the elderly relative&#8223;s problematic behaviors, as well as a 100% improvement in the caregivers&#8223; abilities to conduct cognitively stimulating activities with their elderly relative. However, the caregivers no longer engaged in these activities at the time of the follow-up evaluations. As such, the intervention program helped the caregivers acquire new knowledge as well as to improve their abilities to conduct cognitively stimulating activities and to manage stressful situations involving their elderly relative. However, we still need to identify supports that could help sustain the caregivers&#8223; use of cognitively stimulating activities with their elderly relative, following the conclusion of an intervention program like the one described in this study. / O envelhecimento da população brasileira vem acompanhado do aparecimento de um número crescente de casos de demência, principalmente envolvendo a doença de Alzheimer, uma vez que a incidência de doenças neurodegenerativas está diretamente correlacionada com a idade. Considerando que a maioria dos idosos brasileiros reside na comunidade, mas que há poucos serviços que auxiliam o idoso com demência e seu cuidador, a família tem que descobrir, com ou sem informações adequadas, como cuidar deste idoso. O foco deste estudo foi desenvolver e avaliar um programa de intervenção domiciliar, visando melhorar a capacidade do cuidador familiar para ser um agente terapêutico, aumentando suas habilidades para manter seu próprio bem-estar e de promover o bem-estar cognitivo do seu parente com demência, com ênfase no preparo do cuidador para realizar atividades de estimulação cognitiva. Participaram deste estudo quase-experimental cinco pares de cuidadores e seus parentes idosos com demência. Antes e ao final do programa de intervenção, usou-se os seguintes instrumentos para avaliar os impactos da intervenção sobre as cuidadoras: Inventário de Sobrecarga do Cuidador, Inventário de Habilidades Sociais, uma avaliação qualitativa de algumas habilidades sociais selecionadas, Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp, testes de aprendizagem (para avaliar a aquisição de conceitos novos ao final de cada módulo de treinamento) e um questionário complementar (para identificar comportamentos dos idosos considerados como problemáticos pelas cuidadoras, como elas os manejavam, e o que estas faziam para manter os idosos ativos). Embora a estimulação cognitiva deva retardar o progresso da demência, ela não impede seu avanço. Uma piora nas habilidades dos idosos durante o período da intervenção afetaria negativamente os indicadores de bem-estar das cuidadoras, interferindo na avaliação do programa. Assim, para acompanhar eventuais alterações no desempenho cognitivo e a funcionalidade dos idosos, foram aplicados o Mini-Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM), e a Escala de Pfeffer. Os resultados envolvendo os impactos do programa de intervenção para as cuidadoras indicam diferenças estatisticamente significativas para: (a) uma redução nos níveis de estresse, t(4) = 4,47, com p = 0,011, (b) uma melhora no desempenho médio das cuidadoras nos testes de aprendizagem, t(4) = 23,91, com p < 0,001, (c) uma tendência de melhora nos escores obtidos no IHS-Del-Prette, t(4) = 2,36, com p = 0,77, e (d) com base nos resultados do questionário complementar, pode-se observar que a intervenção apresentou uma eficácia de 57% em melhorar as estratégias sendo usadas pelas cuidadoras para lidar com os comportamentos difíceis dos idosos, e de 100% em relação ao objetivo de tornar as cuidadoras capazes de fazer atividades de estimulação cognitiva com os idosos. As cuidadoras não mantiveram estas atividades no período do follow-up. Desta forma, a intervenção contribuiu para que as cuidadoras adquirissem novos conhecimentos e melhorassem suas habilidades para realizar atividades de estimulação cognitiva e para enfrentar e gerenciar situações estressantes envolvendo seus parentes idosos. No entanto, ainda é preciso identificar apoios que possam contribuir para a manutenção das atividades de estimulação cognitiva por parte de cuidadores familiares de idosos com demência, após a conclusão de intervenções como a descrita neste estudo.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:44:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3886.pdf: 2188154 bytes, checksum: fc181a92860b9501e632f05805d07df4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-29 / Family violence is an international phenomenon, victimizing, among others, primarily women and children. The child may be the target of abuse (direct violence) and/or being exposed to marital violence (indirect violence). Women are the preferential victim of marital aggression. Such factors are serious risk factor for any stage of development. The objectives of the present study were: 1) conducting a longitudinal study to investigate the events over time (four years) of families living with violence, in order to: a) determine the impact of family violence on children's school performance; b) identify risk and protective factors present in the current context of family violence, and c) identifying a history of victimization of the father and his views on family violence (Study 1); and 2) implementing and evaluating an intervention program to teach parenting skills to mothers who are victims of domestic violence, and whose children were also victimized (Study 2). Participants in Study 1 were 18 adolescents, 17 mothers and 12 fathers. The adolescents were assessed at school and responded to the Parenting Styles Inventory (IEP), presented a sample of their school notebook and Report Card in terms of Math and Portuguese grades, as well as producing an essay in terms of a particular drawing as analysis of their writing skills. Mothers and fathers were assessed in their respective homes, answering a semi-structured interview. The data obtained from the longitudinal study (Study 1) revealed that most families overcame two serious risk factors which had ceased: family violence and the use of alcohol or drugs. In terms of domestic violence, the cessation of violence against women was statistically significant, a positive outcome, which also means the end of the exposure of children to marital aggression. The condition of poverty in the families has remained over time. Except for one adolescent, all others attended school, which in this study served as a protective factor. More than half of youngsters maintained or improved their school performance. In Study 2, these 17 mothers participated of an intervention program called Project Parceria (Partnership), consisting of 16 weekly sessions conducted in the homes of participants. Mothers filled an Evaluation Sheet Daily of their sense of well-being and of maternal competence. The intervention program was evaluated in three stages: pre-intervention, post intervention and followup. In addition, for the evaluation of the intervention mothers answered the following instruments: Parenting Styles Inventory (IEP), The Inventory of Child Abuse Potential (CAP), and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for Children (SDQ). The intervention program had total attendance by mothers, which is unusual, considering the vulnerability profile of these families. The data that evaluated the program indicated favorable results, especially regarding the IEP and SDQ, as the increase in scores from pre-intervention to post-intervention, for such instruments was statistically significant. In conclusion, despite the crystallization of risk factors, family, social and/or school resources have acted as facilitators of resilience. The study showed that it is possible and feasible to conduct intervention with vulnerable families with psychosocial risk. Implementation of other longitudinal studies is suggested, as well as the replication of the intervention program. / Sabe-se que a violência intrafamiliar é um fenômeno internacional, vitimizando, dentre outras pessoas, prioritariamente, crianças e mulheres. A criança pode ser alvo do abuso (violência direta) e/ou estar exposta à violência conjugal (violência indireta). A mulher é a vítima preferencial da agressão conjugal. Trata-se de um grave fator de risco para qualquer fase do desenvolvimento. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: 1) realizar um estudo longitudinal para investigar as vicissitudes ao longo do tempo (quatro anos), de famílias que convivem com a violência intrafamiliar, para, a) verificar o impacto da violência intrafamiliar no desempenho escolar dos filhos; b) identificar fatores de risco e fatores de proteção presentes no contexto marcado pela violência intrafamiliar e c) identificar história de vitimização do pai e sua concepção sobre violência intrafamiliar (Estudo 1) e, 2) aplicar e avaliar um programa de intervenção para ensinar habilidades maternas a mães que convivem com a violência intrafamiliar, isto é, vítimas de violência conjugal e cujos filhos eram vitimizados (Estudo 2). Participaram do Estudo 1, 18 adolescentes, 17 mães e 12 pais. Os adolescentes foram atendidos na escola e responderam ao Inventário de Estilos Parentais (IEP); apresentaram o caderno escolar e o Boletim Escolar para o registro dos conceitos nas disciplinas de Português e de Matemática e elaboraram uma redação sobre um desenho para a análise da escrita. As mães e os pais foram atendidos nas respectivas casas, respondendo uma entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados obtidos com o estudo longitudinal (Estudo 1) revelaram que para a maioria das famílias dois graves fatores de risco tinham cessado, violência e o uso de álcool ou droga. Quanto à violência intrafamiliar, a cessação da violência contra a mulher foi estatisticamente significativa, resultado favorável, que implica, também, no fim da exposição do filho à agressão conjugal. A condição de pobreza das famílias se manteve ao longo do tempo. Com exceção de um adolescente, os demais permaneciam na escola, que no presente estudo atuou como fator de proteção. Mais da metade dos adolescentes mantive ou melhorou o desempenho escolar. No Estudo 2, essas 17 mães participaram de um programa de intervenção, denominado Projeto Parceria; consistindo de 16 sessões semanais conduzidas nas casas das participantes. As mães preenchiam a Ficha de Avaliação Diária semanalmente, para o registro diário de bemestar e senso de competência materna, assim, a cada encontro recebiam uma ficha nova e devolviam a antiga preenchida. O programa de intervenção foi avaliado em três momentos: pré-intervenção, pós-intervenção e follow-up. Para a avaliação da intervenção as mães responderam aos seguintes instrumentos: Inventário de Estilos Parentais (IEP), Inventário de Potencial de Abuso Infantil (CAP) e Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades da Criança (SDQ). O programa de intervenção teve total adesão das mães, o que não é comum, considerando o perfil das mães e vulnerabilidade das respectivas famílias. Os dados obtidos com os instrumentos que avaliaram o programa indicam bons resultados, em especial, quanto ao IEP e SDQ, pois o aumento nos escores da pré-intervenção para a pós-intervenção, para esses instrumentos foi estatisticamente significativo. Conclui-se que apesar da cristalização dos fatores de risco, os recursos da família e/ou da escola atuaram como facilitadores de resiliência. O estudo revelou que é possível e viável fazer intervenção famílias vulneráveis e risco psicossocial. Sugere-se a realização de outros estudos longitudinais e a reaplicação do programa de intervenção, que teve possibilidade de sucesso.