Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:30:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabricio Herbeth Teixeira da Silva.pdf: 19455793 bytes, checksum: 3c60ec3b46081985f348aa1e576ae8af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation examines the relationships between public officials and marching in formation of monopolies and control the market supply of fresh meat, in Bethlehem, from the discourses of scarcity of this kind between the years 1897-1909. It also analyzes the publications of the press at the time on the issue of green meat and interventionist strategies of the government in providing this food. Assuming that the lack of meat was a political creation and fruit of the action of the marchers, selected years, would overcome such occurrences, thus the explanations linked in climate problems, diseases, in theft and transportation, among others, as was recurrent the official rhetoric, the journalists of the time and in the chronicles of foreign travelers, and respected by the authors of the scarce work on this theme in the Amazon region / Esta dissertação analisa as relações entre os administradores públicos e os marchantes, na formação de monopólios e no controle do mercado de abastecimento da carne verde, em Belém, a partir dos discursos de escassez desse gênero entre os anos de 1897-1909. Analisa ainda as publicações da imprensa da época sobre a questão das carnes verdes e as estratégias intervencionistas do governo no fornecimento desse alimento. Pressupondo que a falta de carne foi uma criação política e fruto da ação dos marchantes, nos anos selecionados, tais ocorrências superariam, desse modo, as explicações pautadas em problemas climáticos, em doenças, em roubos e no transporte, entre outros, como era recorrente nos discursos das autoridades, dos jornalistas da época e nas crônicas dos viajantes estrangeiros, e acatados pelos autores dos parcos trabalhos existentes sobre o tema, na região Amazônica

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-09-12T13:10:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marly Gonçalves da Silva.pdf: 18339859 bytes, checksum: 9191baaf32c6b444073e97f51821aa09 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-12T13:10:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marly Gonçalves da Silva.pdf: 18339859 bytes, checksum: 9191baaf32c6b444073e97f51821aa09 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-04 / During the past fifty years the motor vehicle industry has been molding the internal structure of Brazilian cities, through a complex road web which encompasses quarters, streets and pavements, causing conflicts, violence and changes in the way of life of the residents of these micro and macro-territories. The State and corporate groups have taken advantage of the production and reproduction – real or symbolic – of the pathways which constitute this web, using different language strategies which sometimes conceal, sometimes reveal private interests, under the veil of universal benefits. This kind of arbitrary intervention concerning the streets and their places of neighbourliness and sociability, as well as the rejections it faces from the residents of Marco quarter, Belém, are analyzed here in three different moments: 1. the birth of modernizing town planning, at the turn of the 19th century, creates the street web on which are built distinctive speeches and actions that will show their different temporalities in the history of the quarter, and unveil contradictions in the course of its demographic occupation, outlining thus a topography of (in)difference. 2. public interventions on the street web which favor certain segments of society in prejudice of others, manifest themselves as urbanistic metamorphoses that intend to attract investments and increase an urban economy settled on trade and services and on the principles of competitive strategies of contemporary enterprising; they break out the valorization of immovable property in the street, which suffocates the traditional little enterprisers’ business. Ahead in this trend, the enterprising State, with its Monument-work. 3. The street as the scenary of fights for power and for symbolic power, showing the contradictions between the preservation discourse and the attack of reurbanization projects that threaten the gains preserved by the community of residents / Este trabalho procura discutir o fenômeno das reformas das avenidas e seus canteiros centrais no bairro do Marco, em Belém, de uma perspectiva sociológica, procurando caracterizá-lo como um fenômeno político por excelência, na medida em que as pressões para tais reformas provêm de grupos de interesse como políticos, empresários, e o governo que as executa também explora simbolicamente tais intervenções. Estado e segmentos corporativos têm instrumentalizado a produção e reprodução real e simbólica das vias que compõem essa malha, recorrendo a diferentes estratégias discursivas que ora escondem, ora revelam interesses privatistas, sob o manto de benefícios de caráter universal. Esse processo de intervenção arbitrária sobre a rua e os espaços de compartilhamento e sociabilidade que ela proporciona, e as recusas que tal intervenção enfrenta por parte dos moradores do bairro do Marco são analisados em momentos distintos da tese. A base histórica na qual incidem tais intervenções é a matriz que deu origem ao bairro há mais de cem anos. Em síntese, assim pode ser definido o conteúdo dos respectivos capítulos: 1. A gênese do urbanismo modernizador, na virada do século XIX para o XX, funda a malha sobre a qual se edificam diferentes discursos e protagonismos que irão se manifestar em temporalidades distintas na história do bairro, e apontam contradições no processo social de ocupação demográfica do mesmo, configurando uma topografia da (in)diferença. 2. As intervenções públicas que incidem sobre espaços viários, privilegiando determinados segmentos sociais em detrimento de outros, se traduzem em metamorfoses urbanísticas que visam atrair investimentos e dinamizar uma economia urbana assentada em comércio e serviços e nos princípios das estratégias competitivas do empreendedorismo contemporâneo; acabam desencadeando um processo de valorização imobiliária na via, que afronta os negócios dos pequenos empreendedores tradicionais. À frente deste processo, há o Estado-empreendedor, com sua obra-Monumento. 3. A rua como palco de disputas pelo poder e pelo poder simbólico, colocando em questão as contradições entre os discursos preservacionistas e as investidas de projetos de reurbanização/revitalização que ameaçam pôr abaixo o que a comunidade de moradores preservou

O estudo dos mecanismos neurobiológicos associados a memórias aversivas tem aplicações potenciais à prevenção e ao tratamento de patologias psiquiátricas associadas a memórias traumáticas. Em particular, o processo de reconsolidação, através do qual memórias evocadas são novamente estabilizadas, tem sido visto como um possível mecanismo na origem desses transtornos e, ao mesmo tempo, um alvo para estratégias terapêuticas. Experiências precoces influenciam o desenvolvimento e a maturação de circuitos encefálicos, e a sua interação com a carga genética do indivíduo, pode influenciar as estratégias de enfrentamento de situações aversivas ao longo da vida, gerando indivíduos resilientes ou vulneráveis ao desenvolvimento de transtornos psiquiátricos. Dentro deste contexto, o objetivo principal desta tese foi estudar diferentes experiências precoces, em modelos animais, e seu efeito sobre o processo de reconsolidação de memórias aversivas e, consequentemente, sobre o desenvolvimento de padrões de conduta de resiliência ou vulnerabilidade. Foram utilizados dois modelos, em ratos: a manipulação neonatal e a separação materna. Os resultados obtidos mostram que ambas intervenções levaram a um aumento dos cuidados que a mãe dedica à prole, mas a separação materna induziu um comportamento mais inconsistente, que reflete menor qualidade; consistentemente, a prole de ambos os sexos exibiu alterações na secreção de corticosterona frente a um contexto previamente pareado com um estímulo aversivo, e os machos mostraram generalização do medo a um contexto novo após a experiência. A manipulação neonatal, além de gerar um aumento do cuidado materno, levou a um aumento dos níveis centrais de ocitocina nas mães. A prole do sexo masculino exibiu comportamento de congelamento diminuído no contexto condicionado a um estímulo aversivo. Ambas intervenções geraram resistência à reconsolidação da memória aversiva condicionada, através de um mecanismo que parece envolver o hipocampo dorsal mas não a amígdala basolateral; o hipocampo ventral de ratos machos separados no período neonatal mostrou uma diminuição de espécies reativas de oxigênio e nitrogênio, sugestivo de atenuação de alguns mecanismos de plasticidade. Estes resultados apontam que os padrões de comportamento frente a situações aversivas são afetados pelas experiências neonatais, como reportado anteriormente, e que a manipulação parece gerar uma conduta mais resiliente enquanto a separação está associada ao surgimento de um padrão de comportamento mais vulnerável. A reconsolidação de memória de medo alterada em conjunto com a generalização da memória e a inconsistência comportamental da mãe encontrados neste trabalho e as alterações estruturais e funcionais na amígdala nestes animais, reportadas anteriormente, tornam a separação materna um modelo promissor para o estudo de mecanismos neurobiológicos dos transtornos psiquiátricos associados a memórias traumáticas. / The prevention and treatment of psychiatric pathologies associated with traumatic memories benefits from the study of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying aversive memories. In particular, the reconsolidation process, through which retrieved memories are restabilized, has been regarded both as a possible mechanism at the origin of these disorders and as a target for therapeutical strategies. Early life experiences impact the development and maturation of brain circuits, and their interaction with the individual’s genetic load may influence the coping mechanisms throughout life, generating individuals that are resilient or vulnerable to psychiatric disorders. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to study, in an animal model, different early interventions and their effect on fear memory reconsolidation, and consequently the development of behavioral patterns of resilience or vulnerability. Neonatal handling and maternal separation in rats were used as early intervention models. The results obtained show that both interventions led to an increase in the amount of care the dam provides to the offspring, but maternal separation increased behavioral inconsistency, which reflects low quality behavior; consistently, both male and female offspring exhibited changes in corticosterone secretion in response to a context that was previously paired with an aversive stimulus and males showed fear generalization to a novel context after the experience. Neonatal handling increased both maternal care and central oxytocin levels in the dam. The male offspring showed reduced freezing behavior in the context conditioned to an aversive stimulus. Both interventions generated resistance to conditioned fear memory reconsolidation, through a mechanism that appears to involve the dorsal hippocampus but not the basolateral amygdala; the ventral hippocampus of males that were separated in the neonatal period had decreased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, suggesting attenuated plasticity mechanisms. These results suggest that behavioral patterns which emerge when facing aversive situations are affected by neonatal experiences, as reported previously, and that neonatal handling appears to result in resilience while maternal separation appears to be associated with a pattern of vulnerability. Changes in fear memory reconsolidation together with memory generalization and maternal behavior inconsistency, found in this work, and the structural and functional changes in the amygdala, reported earlier, suggest that maternal separation is a promising model to study the neurobiological mechanisms of psychiatric pathologies associated with traumatic memories.

Esta dissertação apresenta uma reflexão sobre as interseções entre práticas artísticas e ativismo contemporâneo, especialmente nas décadas de 1990 e 2000. A partir de diferentes contextos, o estudo investiga os conceitos e objetivos de uma arte coletiva e engajada socialmente, considerando seus modos de experimentação estética e expressão política. Utilizando-se de entrevistas, manifestos, textos críticos, reportagens e documentos como fotografias, vídeos e filmes, a dissertação apresenta no primeiro capítulo um histórico detalhado sobre as diversas concatenações entre arte, ativismo político e produção coletiva no século XX. No segundo capítulo, este trabalho analisa a formulação de uma \"estética anti-corporativa\", baseada em táticas intervencionistas criadas por artistas e coletivos radicados nos EEUU, Espanha, França, Canadá, Austrália e Brasil. Seus projetos envolvem instalações artísticas com experimentos biológicos, mídia tática, cartografias, protestos contra a globalização capitalista, performances e Culture Jamming. O terceiro capítulo apresenta um estudo sobre o coletivismo artístico no Brasil e algumas de suas estratégias de ação, como intervenções urbanas, circuitos alternativos de produção e de distribuição, projetos com comunidades específicas e colaborações com movimentos sociais. Além disso, o texto faz uma breve reflexão sobre a atitude e o impacto destes grupos sobre o sistema de arte, caracterizado pelo apoio institucional de museus, galerias, mostras internacionais, críticos, curadores e patrocínio corporativo / This dissertation presents a reflection about the intersections between artistic practices and contemporary activism, especially in the decades of 1990 and 2000. From different contexts, teh study investigates the concepts and objectives of a collective art, socially engaged, considering their modes of aesthetic experimentation and political expression. Utilizing interviews, manifests, critical texts, newsprints and documents as photographies, videos and movies, the dissertation presnts in the first chapter a historical account about the concatenations between art, political activism and collective production in the twentieth century. In the second chapter, this work analyses a formulation of an \"anti-corporate aesthetics\", based in interventionist tactics created by artists and collectives in USA, Spain, France, Canada, Australia and Brazil. Their projects involve artistic installations with biological experiments, tactical media cartographies, protests against capitalist globalization, performances and culture jamming. The third chapter presents a study about the artistic collectivism in Brazil and some of their strategies of action, as urban interventions, alternative circuits of production and distribution, projects with specific communities and collaborations with social movements. Besides, the next makes a brief reflection about the attitude and impact of these groups in the art system, characterized by institutional support of museums, galleries, international exhibitions, art critics, curators and corporate sponsorship

This study evaluated the predictive and concurrent validity of the Tiered Fidelity Inventory (TFI). Structural equation modeling was applied to test the associations between the TFI and student outcomes. First, a total of 1,691 schools with TFI Tier 1 in 2016-17 and school-wide discipline outcomes in 2015-16 and 2016-17 were targeted, finding a negative association between TFI Tier 1 and differences between African American and non-African American students in major office discipline referrals (ODR) per 100 students per day in elementary schools. A sensitivity test with schools with TFI Tier 1, 2, and 3 was conducted, showing a negative association between TFI Tier 1 and the square root of major ODR rates in elementary schools. Second, TFI Tier 1 was positively related to the proportions of students meeting or exceeding state-wide standards in reading from 1,361 schools with TFI Tier 1 and academic outcomes in 2014-15 and 2015-16. Also, the association between TFI Tier 1 and academic outcomes was found to be stronger when schools implemented SWPBIS for 6 or more years. A sensitivity test with schools with TFI Tier 1, 2, and 3 indicated positive associations between TFI Tier 1 and the proportions of students meeting or exceeding state-wide standards in both subjects. Third, TFI Tier2 was positively associated with the logit of proportions of students with CICO daily points from 570 schools with TFI Tier 2 in 2016-17 and CICO outcomes in 2015-16 and 2016-17. Fourth, correlations between the Evaluation subscale of TFI Tier 1 or 2 and relevant measures in 2016-17 were tested from 2,379 schools. TFI Tier 1 Evaluation was positively correlated with counts of TFI administrations, number of fidelity measures, and counts of viewing SWIS Reports. These correlations were significant except for ODRs by staff. Also, TFI Tier 2 Evaluation was significantly positively correlated with years of SWPBIS implementation, years of CICO-SWIS implementation, and counts of viewing CICO Reports except student period, and negatively with counts of viewing student single period. These findings were discussed by comparing them with previous research findings, suggesting implications for future research and practice, and addressing research limitations.

L’objectif principal de cette thèse est d’évaluer l’impact thérapeutique d’une intervention de stimulation cognitive associée à un programme d’activité physique au stade léger à modéré de la maladie d’Alzheimer. Précisément, il s’agit de détailler les effets respectifs et combinés de ces interventions selon les trois dimensions suivantes : 1) le fonctionnement cognitif général, 2) le fonctionnement exécutif à travers la mise à jour, l’alternance, l’inhibition et la planification, 3) le fonctionnement psychosocial, intégrant l’anxiété et la dépression. L’étude principale de cette thèse a comparé les performances pré- et post-intervention de 67 patients répartis en quatre groupes (i.e., groupe stimulation cognitive, groupe activité physique, groupe stimulation cognitive plus activité physique, groupe contrôle). Les résultats ont montré que, 1) la stimulation cognitive permet l’amélioration du fonctionnement cognitif général et le maintien des capacités d’alternance et de mise à jour, 2) l’activité physique favorise l’amélioration des capacités d’inhibition et le maintien des capacités d’alternance, et 3), l’association de la stimulation cognitive et de l’activité physique permet l’amélioration du fonctionnement cognitif général, l’amélioration des performances d’alternance et d’inhibition et le maintien des capacités de mise à jour. L’ensemble de ces résultats met en évidence le potentiel thérapeutique de la stimulation cognitive et de l’activité physique dans le traitement de la maladie d’Alzheimer. De plus, les données recueillies montrent que les bénéfices des interventions sont d’autant plus importants lorsque le programme intègre les deux formes de prises en charge. Les mécanismes par lesquels s’opèrent les changements dans la cognition des personnes souffrant d’Alzheimer sont discutés à travers le concept de réserve cognitive. L’enjeu des futures recherches réside dans le développement de thérapies visant le maintien du fonctionnement exécutif à travers la stimulation des capacités physiques et cognitives. / The principal objective of this thesis was to evaluate the therapeutic impact of an intervention which combines a cognitive stimulation program and a physical activity program in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. Specifically, the objective was to detail the respective and combined effects of these interventions in the three following dimensions, 1) general cognitive functioning, 2) executive functioning with updating, switching, inhibition and planning, 3) psychosocial functioning, including anxiety and depression. The main study of this thesis examines the pre-and post-intervention scores of 67 patients assigned into four groups (i.e., cognitive stimulation, physical activity, cognitive stimulation combined with physical activity, and control). The data showed that, 1) cognitive stimulation improved general cognitive functioning and maintained updating and switching abilities, 2) physical activity improved inhibition and switching abilities, and 3) associate cognitive stimulation and physical activity allowed the improvement of general cognitive functioning, inhibition and switching abilities, and allowed remaining updating abilities. Taken together, these results demonstrate the therapeutic effects of cognitive stimulation and physical activity in Alzheimer's disease treatment. Moreover, the data collected showed that the benefits of the interventions were particularly important when the program included both interventions. Mechanisms of changes in cognition of Alzheimer's patients are discussed through the concept of cognitive reserve. The aim for future researches is to develop programs of cognitive stimulation and physical activities to preserve executive functioning.

Introduction: Medication adherence is vital to ensuring optimal patient outcomes, particularly amongst older adults prescribed polypharmacy. However, complex interventions aimed at improving adherence have shown only limited effectiveness. To maximise effectiveness, the Medical Research Council (MRC) supports the use of both evidence and theory in developing interventions. Feasibility and pilot testing is then recommended to optimise interventions in advance of definitive trials. The aim of this research was to develop a novel complex intervention (using evidence and theory) to improve adherence in older adults (prescribed polypharmacy) and to test the feasibility of delivering this in community pharmacies. Methods: The presented research models the MRC complex intervention framework and focuses on development and feasibility testing phases. Firstly, a systematic review was conducted to address an identified evidence gap in relation to theory-based adherence interventions previously delivered to older adults prescribed polypharmacy. Qualitative research was then conducted to explore older patients’ adherence behaviour and identify determinants (barriers, facilitators) to target for change. Using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) as a lens, key domains were selected for targeting and mapped to behaviour change techniques (BCTs) using established methods. These BCTs formed the basis of a complex intervention that was delivered to older patients by community pharmacists (CPs) as part of a small-scale feasibility study. In addition to exploring older patients’ adherence behaviours, further research focused on CPs’ clinical behaviour in relation to providing medication adherence support (MAS). The qualitative TDF-based methods used in the patient study were extended and a mixed methods (qualitative, quantitative) approach was used to identify determinants influencing CPs’ behaviour. Key target domains were identified and mapped to BCTs that could be directed at CPs (e.g. in a training package) to improve future implementation of the patient intervention. Results: The systematic review found that adherence interventions delivered to older patients prescribed polypharmacy were rarely based on theory, supporting the need for further research. The qualitative research conducted with older patients identified eight key domains (e.g. ‘Beliefs about consequences’, Memory, attention and decision process’) that could be targeted and these domains were mapped to 11 BCTs (e.g. ‘Prompts/cues’, ‘Self-monitoring’) which formed the basis of a complex intervention. The feasibility study demonstrated that the intervention was highly acceptable to both patients and CPs but some modifications were suggested. It also highlighted the need for additional research that focuses on CPs’ behaviour (i.e. MAS provision). Findings from the mixed methods study on CPs’ behaviour led to the identification of seven key domains that could be targeted for change (e.g. ‘Skills’, ‘Motivation and goals’). Eighteen BCTs were then selected for inclusion in a training package (e.g. ‘Demonstration of the behaviour’) or for delivery alongside the patient intervention in future research (e.g. ‘Rewards/incentives’) to improve implementation. Discussion/Conclusion: The MRC framework served as a useful guide for developing a complex intervention to improve adherence in older patients prescribed polypharmacy. This systematic theory-based approach that involved explicitly linking theoretical domains to intervention components (BCTs) will aid future replication and understanding of how the intervention aims to bring about behaviour change. Aside from targeting patients’ adherence behaviours, this research emphasised the importance of exploring the behaviours of intervention providers (i.e. CPs) to enhance implementation. Future research will involve pilot testing a refined version of the patient intervention and CP training package to establish if a definitive trial of effectiveness (e.g. randomised controlled trial) is warranted.

A pesquisa analisa as intervenções urbanas realizadas no Largo da Batata pelo movimento A Batata Precisa de Você e na Avenida Paulista com o programa Paulista Aberta. Os dois movimentos tiveram suas reivindicações ampliadas a partir das Manifestações de Junho de 2013 com discussões em relação a temas como direito à cidade, ocupação de espaços públicos e uma agenda urbana em defesa de maior participação da sociedade civil. Estabelecendo novos diálogos entre atuações nos espaços físicos e nas redes sociais e tendo o urbanismo tático e seus similares como estratégia de ocupação, os dois casos de intervenções são analisados durante o período de 2013 a 2017 acompanhando seus modos de atuação nas duas plataformas, atores envolvidos, seus limites e potenciais. / The research analyzes the urban interventions carried out in Largo da Batata by the movement A Batata Precisa de Você and at Avenida Paulista with the Paulista Aberta program. The two movements have had their demands broadened since the Manifestations of June 2013 with discussions on issues such as the right to the city, occupation of public spaces and an urban agenda in defense of greater participation of civil society. Establishing new dialogues between actions in physical spaces and in social networks, having tactical urbanism and its similar as an occupation strategy, the two cases are analyzed during the period of 2013 to 2017 following their modes of action in the two platforms, actors involved, its limits and potentials.

Bakgrund: Hjärtsvikt är en allvarlig sjukdom med hög mortalitet och förr eller senare uppstår behov av palliativ vård.  Syftet med studien var att beskriva omvårdnadsbehov samt omvårdnadsåtgärder vid hjärtsvikt i palliativt skede. Metod: Den metod som användes var systematisk litteraturstudie. Nio artiklar inkluderades. De granskades och huvudkategorier med underkategorier bildades. Resultat: De sex kategorier som framkom var; Brister i kommunikation, information och stöd; Existentiella; Dyspné; Fatigue och depression; Ångest och Minskad rörelseförmåga. Patienternas behov var symtomlindring, god omvårdnad och bättre kommunikation vid vård i livets slutskede. Konklusion: Distriktsköterskan fungerade som en länk åt patienten. Samarbete med andra professioner var önskvärt. Kunskap, information, symtomlindring och god vård spelade en viktig roll i omvårdnaden av patienter med hjärtsvikt. De resultat som framkom ger en vägvisning om vilka faktorer som spelar roll för omvårdnaden av patienter med hjärtsvikt i palliativt skede. / Background: Heart failure is a serious illness with high mortality and sooner or later arises the need for palliative care. The aim of this study was to describe the care needs and care measurses for patients with heart failure in a palliative stage. Method: the method used was a systematic literature study. Nine articles were included. They were reviewed then categories and subcathegories was formed. Results: The six categories that emerged were deficits in communication, information and support; Existential; Dyspnea; Fatigue and Depression; Anxiety and Reduced mobility. Patients’ needs where symptom relief, good care and better communication at the end of life. Conclusion: The districtnurse acts as a link to the patient. Cooperation with other professions is desirable. Knowledge, information, symptom relief and good care play an important role in the care of patients with heart failure. The result that emerged gives a guidance on which factors play an important role in care of patients with heart failure in the palliative phase.

Topic of this master thesis is the characterization of the relationship between private oil companies and the state. Ambition is to render this co-existence based on historical case studies and practical examples. Case studies show a transparent variety of state approaches and relations with private oil companies. Practical examples are characterized by three major oil states and demonstrate their efforts to prioritize "national champions" and to maximize their income from oil. Based on results of this work, it is clear that private companies and the state in most cases need each other, altough their relations are often tense. There are also a far-reaching legislative changes that are making actions of private oil companies more difficult.