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OBJECTIVE: To identify scalable interventions for improving sexual minority mental health and health-risk behavior, this study tested the efficacy of two self-guided online writing interventions-expressive writing and self-affirmation. To reach sexual minority young adults living in high-stigma, low-resource settings, we developed and tested these interventions in Appalachian Tennessee. METHOD: In consultation with sexual minority young adults (n = 10) and stakeholders (n = 10) living in Appalachian Tennessee, we adapted these two writing interventions that we then delivered to 108 local sexual minority young adults (Mage = 23.68, SD = 3.11). Participants, representing diverse sexual and gender identities and socioeconomic backgrounds, were randomly assigned to participate in a 3-session expressive writing intervention, self-affirmation intervention, or neutral control. Participants completed mental health and health-risk behavior measures at baseline, postintervention, and 3-month follow-up. RESULTS: Compared to the neutral control, expressive writing exerted 3-month improvements in depressive symptoms (d = 0.48) and general psychological distress (d = 0.36) whereas self-affirmation exerted improvement in suicidal ideation (d = 0.62) and drug abuse (d = 0.59). Participants who were exposed to greater contextual minority stressors common in rural regions (i.e., discrimination and victimization) experienced significantly greater 3-month reductions in depression from expressive writing and self-affirmation compared to control. Those who experienced greater discrimination also experienced significantly greater 3-month reductions in suicidality from self-affirmation compared to control. CONCLUSION: Brief writing interventions exert significant impact on the mental health of young adult sexual minorities, especially those exposed to minority stress. Future research can consider strategies for population-level implementation, especially in high-stigma, low-resource settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Bakgrund: Palliativ vård anses som en mycket viktig del i den sjukvård som ett land ska erbjuda och fokuserar främst på primärvård och vård i hemmet. Närstående inom palliativ vård är en viktig hörnsten för att kunna leverera god vård med ett familjeperspektiv. Redan år 2005 togs ett beslut av WHO att stötta utvecklingen av digital hälsa inom hälso- och sjukvård. För att kunna erbjuda likvärdig vård till ett rimligt pris i såväl höginkomst som låginkomstländer krävs teknik som gör det möjligt att nå familjerna där de befinner sig och är idag ett högprioriterat område. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa erfarenheter av digitala stödjande interventioner inom palliativ vård ur ett närståendeperspektiv. Metod: En integrativ litteraturstudie med induktiv ansats baserad på elva vetenskapliga artiklar från sökningar i Cinahl och PubMed. Analys utförd enligt Whittemore och Knafls (2005) modell. Resultat: Interventionerna visade sig vara ett direkt stöd till närstående men även ett indirekt stöd i att stötta närstående att vårda patienten. Resultatet delades in i positiva/ljusa och negativa/mörka erfarenheter. Den positiva kategorin visade på att en större tillgänglighet ökade tryggheten och att visuella hjälpmedel var mkt uppskattade. Den negativa kategorin handlade om känslan av att vara övervakad och att medikalisera dödsprocessen, tekniska problem och utebliven önskad effekt. Slutsats: Utifrån litteraturöversikten visade närstående inom palliativ vård på en vilja att införa och använda digitala interventioner i vården, oavsett ålder. Interventioner som kan stödja utan att vara påträngande är välkomna.

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This study evaluated the effectiveness of proxy voice intervention, embedded within couple enactments, on client-perceived softening. During enactments, direct couple interaction is the focus while the therapist coaches from the periphery. In the context of an enactment, the therapist may use proxy voice when partners appear to be distressed and expressing themselves in terms of secondary emotions by modeling appropriate attachment and self-concept expression. The primary research question was whether therapist use of proxy voice in an enactment would be more likely to bring about softening effects, or whether use of proxy voice was counter-intuitive to enactment conceptualization and would bring about effects related to struggle (e.g. withdrawal or negativity). The review of literature sets forth (1) enactments as common factors; (2) enactments conceptually and operationally; (3) proxy voice in the context of enactments; and (4) the effects of proxy voice on softening versus withdrawal or negativity. Proxy voice occurred 42 times in nine research sessions where proxy voice was delivered repeatedly in a 20-30 minute enactment episode. Results indicated that proxy voice was significantly (both statistically and clinically) associated to softening while dissimilarly linked with withdrawal or negativity. Results also suggested that proxy voice may be used to dampen volatility and foster couple softening during enactment in the following ways: (1) proxy voice temporarily increases the structure of the couple interaction, thereby allowing the therapist to dampen reactivity and model healthy expression before returning to direct couple interaction; (2) proxy voice is a hypothesis of softer emotions that fits the clients' experiences, helps them to feel validated, and encourages them to consider something in a newer, softer way; and (3) proxy voice taps into foundational relationship dynamics surrounding self-concept and attachment experiences that "propel" interaction processes but remain outside conscious awareness or explicit expression for the couple. These preliminary findings suggest that proxy voice intervention embedded within a fluid, carefully delineated, and discriminating model of enactments effectively facilitates essential elements of couple interaction (expression of primary affect, and self-concept and attachment threats) while promoting self-reliant couple interaction and increased couple softening.

Teacher telling is underrepresented in the mathematics education reform literature and deserves additional scrutiny. This case study examined a skilled teacher's telling practices during a university mathematics content course for pre-service elementary teachers. I identified telling practices through discourse analysis, attending to the presence of mathematics and the contribution of new structure or ideas from the teacher. The teacher utilized seven unique types of mathematical telling while supporting collaborative group work on tasks. The study identified subtle telling, implicit telling, and explicit telling. The results suggest that mathematical telling is an integral part of the teacher's role in inquiry-based instruction and should not be overlooked. Researchers can use the telling types to identify and describe telling practices more transparently. Practitioners can more consciously incorporate and discriminate between telling practices.

Bakgrund: På ett flertal akutmottagningar ökar belastningen och vistelsetiderna blir längre, dessutom är vistelsetiderna längre för äldre patienter. Den växande äldre befolkningen i vårt samhälle löper även större risk att drabbas av vårdskador i samband med långa vistelsetider på landets akutmottagningar.  Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva interventioner riktade mot äldre som söker akutmottagning och interventionernas påverkan på vistelsetiden. Metod: Metoden som valdes var en litteraturöversikt med systematisk ansats. Databassökning genomfördes i PubMed och CINAHL och genererade 16 artiklar till resultatet. Strukturerad kvalitetsgranskning av artiklarna genomfördes och resultatet presenterades efter en integrerad analys.  Resultat: Fem kategorier identifierades: Snabbspår, äldreprotokoll, omvårdnadsåtgärder, tvärprofessionellt teamsamarbete samt samverkan med externa vårdgivare. I 10 av studierna blev vistelsetiden på akutmottagningen kortare, i tre oförändrad och i tre längre. Slutsats: Det finns ett flertal interventioner riktade mot äldre som söker vård på akutmottagningar med varierande påverkan på vistelsetiden. Snabbspår kan vara effektivt och säkert för att förkorta vistelsetiden till specifika grupper av äldre patienter. Handläggningen av äldre patienter är ofta komplicerad. Införande av tvärprofessionella team med specifik geriatrisk kompetens kan bidra till ett effektivare omhändertagande och en kortare vistelsetid. Det är viktigt att identifiera de äldre personer som är sköra eller löper hög risk att drabbas av vårdskador. Omvårdnadsåtgärder riktade mot dessa personer behöver inte förlänga vistelsetiden och kan minska risken för vårdskador. Litteraturöversiktens resultat åskådliggör potentiella förbättringsområden för att förebygga att äldre personer, som söker vård på akutmottagningar, drabbas av vårdskador. / Background: In a number of emergency departments, the workload is increasing and the length of stay is longer, and the length of stay is also longer for older patients. The growing elderly population in our society is also at greater risk of suffering injuries in connection with long stays in the emergency departments. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe interventions aimed at elderly people who seek emergency care and the intervention's impact on length of stay. Method: The method chosen was a literature review with a systematic approach. Database search was conducted in PubMed and CINAHL and generated 16 articles as a result. Structured quality review of the articles was carried out and the results were presented after an integrated analysis. Results: Five categories were identified: Fast track, elderly protocols, nursing care, interprofessional team collaboration and collaboration with external care providers. In 10 of the studies, the length of stay at the emergency department was shorter, in three it was unchanged and in three it was longer. Conclusion: There are several interventions aimed at elderly people who seek care inemergency departments with varying effects on the length of stay. Fast-track can be effectiveand safe in shortening length of stay for specific groups of elderly patients. The managementof elderly patients is often complicated. Introduction of interprofessional teams with specificgeriatric competence can contribute to more efficient care and a shorter length of stay. It isimportant to identify the elderly people who are frail or are at high risk of suffering injuriesfrom care. Nursing measures aimed at these people do not need to extend the length of stayand can reduce the risk of nursing injuries. Results of the literature review illustrate potentialareas for improvement to prevent elderly people who seek care in emergency departmentsfrom suffering care-related injuries.

Many policies and programs have relevance to intimate partner violence (IPV), such as no-drop policies, firearm-related policies, mandatory reporting, mandatory arrest, and others. IPV affects persons from a multitude of demographics and statuses. Dating violence has its mark on college campuses. The present research studies both attitudes toward IPV and attitudes toward interventions that pertain to IPV. Attitudes toward IPV have been found to relate to a number of explanatory variables: attributions, socioeconomic status, age, class standing, race/ethnicity, religion/spirituality, attitudes toward gender, violence in the family of origin, and previous IPV histories. Perceptions of IPV interventions have been found to relate to a number of explanatory variables as well: attitudes toward IPV, attributions, race/ethnicity, gender, age, socioeconomic status, education victim status, sexual orientation, attitudes regarding gender, and political variables. The present research administered a survey to undergraduate students at the University of Central Florida as a means to explore such perceptions.

Scholars have studied how exogenous shocks affect innovation, yet the effects of COVID-19 on one measure of innovative activity, numbers of patent applications, are not well understood. This study looks at what effect disruptions related to COVID-19 have had on numbers of patent applications submitted by inventors in the United States. Using the Patent Examination Research Dataset from the United States Patent and Trademark Office and the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker, I examine how numbers of patent applications have changed in 2020 and what effect economic disruptions, health disruptions, and nonpharmaceutical interventions related to COVID-19 have had on numbers of patent applications submitted among US states. Descriptive analysis shows that patent applications for large firms, small firms, and independent inventors have dropped from 2019 to 2020, yet small firms had the smallest decrease. Statistical models indicate that percent change in GDP is positively associated with patents applications per capita while COVID cases, COVID deaths, and nonpharmaceutical interventions have no little to no association with patent applications per capita.

The purpose of this study was to compare achievement results of students enrolled in traditional and virtual Algebra 1 courses in the School District of Volusia County, Florida and to identify which educational interventions are utilized by traditional and online teachers to promote student success, especially for at-risk populations. Two research questions guided this study. This study is significant, as school districts expand virtual options for K-12 students to meet legislative mandates and student demand, while also exploring and developing methods to ensure student success. Student scores on the Florida Algebra 1 End of Course Exam (EOC) were compared to determine what difference, if any, existed in the performance of students in traditional face-toface classrooms and virtual settings. Surveys were also distributed to traditional brick-andmortar and virtual teachers to identify which educational interventions were provided to at-risk students and to measure teacher perception of the relative effectiveness of those interventions in each setting. One-sample t-test results indicated a statistically significant difference in the mean scale scores of traditional and virtual students on the Florida Algebra 1 EOC. Survey responses indicated little variation in the interventions provided by teachers to at-risk students in each setting. Low effectiveness ratings for interventions in the Resources category, such as Mentors from the Community, warrant further investigation, as these responses run counter to previous research. Due to this study’s small sample and wide disparity between the number of traditional and virtual students, caution is advised in the interpretation of results.