The present study present study explored the relationships among language use, phonological skill, and vocabulary development for 36 Cuban and Puerto Rican ELL preschoolers. Family-level variables included mother's education level and mother's language ability. Three-way ANOVAs were used to investigate the relationships among child- and family-level variables and children's performance on articulation (completeness of phonetic inventory (CPI) and proportion of whole-word proximity (PWP)) and language measures (Picture Vocabulary (PV) and Memory for Sentences (MS) subtests of the WLPB-R) in English and Spanish. Regression and correlational analyses were conducted to describe relationships between variables. Findings indicated that children in all language groups (predominantly English speaking, predominantly Spanish speaking and bilingual) demonstrated strong phonological skills, as measured by CPI and PWP, in both languages. Strength in phonological skill appeared to be related to frequency of language use, especially in English. Similarities in children's phonetic inventories across languages suggested that exposure to two languages does not interfere with phonological development in ELL children. The fact that English and Spanish share many of the same phonemes may contribute to this finding. Results for the PWPs were consistent with the findings from the CPI analyses. PWPs were found to predict children's English vocabulary level in the early stages of dual language learning. A predictive relationship was found between mother's English language ability and child's phonological skill, suggesting that when more English was used in the home, children exhibited greater English phonological production skills. In addition, mother's Spanish language ability was shown to predict child's Spanish vocabulary knowledge. This finding supports the use of the native language in the home. While phonological skill was a strength, language skills, as measured by the PV and MS subtests, were significantly below average. With the exception of the PE group in English, all children performed more than 1.5 standard deviations below the mean for both subtests in both languages, suggesting that they are not acquiring sufficient vocabulary knowledge to support academic learning in either language. It is suggested that delivery of adequate vocabulary instruction that meets the needs of these ELL children requires collaboration between teachers and speech-language pathologists.

Cette thèse rend compte de l’analyse d’un ouvrage publié en 1995 aux Editions Albin Michel par le Conseil national des arts culinaires : l’Inventaire du patrimoine culinaire de la France-Rhône-Alpes, produits du terroir et recettes traditionnelles – huitième tome d’une collection de 24 volumes – et de son impact au sein d’un territoire : la région Rhône-Alpes ainsi que des possibilités de son actualisation. La documentation est constituée, outre d’une bibliographie variée, de sources issues de fonds d’archives départementaux, de papiers privés et d’enquêtes orales. Le travail, réalisé sous contrat CIFRE, répond à une commande du Comité de promotion/R3AP, organisme inter consulaire. Elle est une étude globale sur l’ouvrage et les productions recensées. Elle saisit les tenants et les aboutissants de cet inventaire, rédige l’histoire de cet ouvrage pour en comprendre les enjeux passés tout en dressant un état des lieux pour le replacer dans le débat actuel sur le patrimoine alimentaire. Ce travail montre l’histoire d’une méthode qui a fait ses preuves : l’inventaire, appliqué à un domaine tout particulier : l’alimentation. L’ouvrage est étudié dans son contexte de rédaction – politique, économique et social – tout comme son aspect, sa place dans la collection et son contenu. On explique alors l’absence de retombées de ce dernier au sein du territoire inventorié à travers deux objectifs initiaux qui ont été plus ou moins atteints : un objectif culturel afin de faire connaître les produits et un objectif économique pour relancer des productions restées méconnues. Un état actuel des produits est réalisé, qui souligne la nécessaire mise à jour du livre : si les monuments du patrimoine alimentaire se maintiennent, si la patrimonialisation est active quelques produits ont disparus. L’Inventaire ainsi remis en lumière, constitue un formidable catalogue de produits dont il conviendrait de développer l’étude voire la valorisation. Avec cette thèse nous posons une nouvelle fois la question du patrimoine alimentaire et la façon dont il est nécessaire de le sauvegarder et de le préserver tout en refusant sa muséification. / This thesis deals with the study of a book published in 1995 by Albin Michel Editor and carried out by the Conseil national des arts culinaires : l’Inventaire du patrimoine culinaire de la France-Rhône-Alpes, produits du terroir et recettes traditionnelles – 8th book of a collection of 24th – and its impact on Rhone-Alpes territory and its possible updating. The documentation is based on an rich bibliography, on documents from departmental files, private documentation and oral inquiries.This work, achived thanks to a contract CIFRE, fulfills an order from the Comite de Promotion/R3AP, inter consular organism. It’s a global study of the book and the productions reviewed in it. It tries to analyse the stakes of this inventory and to tell the history of this book to understand past issues while assessing the situation and putting it in context in the current debate about food patrimonialization.This work enlightens the story of a solid method: the inventory, applied to a specific theme : food. The book is analyzed in its context– political, economical and social – and we study its aspect, its place inside the collection and its content. We explain the lack of influence inside the territory it deals with through two initial objectives which have been met more or less : first, a cultural goal in order to make products known and also an economical objective to boost still unknown products. A current state of products has been made, which underlines the need to update the book : even if the food heritage monuments are still alive, even if the patrimonialization is active, some products have disappeared. This Inventaire, as it has been highlighted, is a precious catalog of products that would require much more study and development. With this thesis, once more we tackle the question of food heritage and we ask ourselves what we need to save and preserve it while refusing to make it become a museum.

The passage of AB 32 in 2006 initiated the need for city planners in California to consider the quantification of greenhouse gas emissions at the community level in order to develop policies and programs to reduce emissions in the future. Although local jurisdictions are not required to quantify and report emissions at this time, the AB 32 Climate Change Scoping Plan recommended a reduction goal for local governments of 15 percent below today’s levels by 2020 to ensure consistent reduction goals at the state and local levels. ICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainability initiated the Cities for Climate Protection (CCP) campaign in 1993, which provides a framework for local governments to develop a baseline emissions inventory and identify reduction measures as part of a climate action plan. This inventory is developed under the framework of the CCP campaign. A review of the current practice of local greenhouse gas emissions inventories in California identified significant consistencies across jurisdictions in the overall framework of community and municipal emissions inventories– due largely to the framework provided by the CCP campaign. However, data sources used and methods of measurement vary greatly among local inventories, which limit the ability to compare results. This highlights the need for a standard reporting protocol for community inventories. This baseline emissions inventory document provides the technical information necessary for the city to set reduction goals and facilitates the development of the climate action plan outlining policies and programs that when implemented would reach those goals.

This study examined the effectiveness of the MMPI in identifying juvenile sex offenders. This study examined the hypothesis that previously identified subscales of the MMPI (i.e., Toobert et al. (1959) Pe scale and Dolan (1986) Ic scale) could be used in discriminating juvenile sex offenders (n=l 02) (and subgroups of juvenile sex offenders i.e., pedophiles n=79, and incest perpetrators n=41) from a control group of 40 juvenile offenders who had been adjudicated for non-sex related crimes. The study yielded results which indicate that the Pe subscale was not effective in discriminating pedophiles from non-pedophile sex offenders or from the control group. The results also indicated that the Ic subscale was not effective in discriminating incest perpetrators from non-incest sex offenders or the control group. The results from the data also indicate that the control group appeared more pathological than the sex offender group, based on their respective MMPI profiles. In addition, in comparison with previous research on adult sex offenders, there appears to be differences between adult sex offenders and juvenile sex offenders when comparing mean two point code scores. Problems in defining subgroups were discussed. A lack of research in the area of juvenile sex offenders was identified and a strong recommendation for further research in this area was made.

In a study investigating the ability of subjects and their close friends or relatives (close-others) to recognize subject personality test results under conditions which controlled for the Barnum effect, 64 male and female undergraduate psychology students were administered the California Psychological Inventory (CPI). Each subject later attempted to choose his or her own unidentified CPI profile from among three, and a close-other of the subject independently made the same selection. It was found that 57.81% of subjects and 45.31% of close others were able to correctly identify subject profiles; these results were significant at the .0001 and .05 levels respectively. The 53.12% rate of agreement between subjects and close-others in profile selection also proved significant, p < .001. In contrast with results from a previous study (Carlson, 1985), it was found that subject self-perception and CPI description correspond to a highly significant ·degree.

The purpose of this study was to compare thirty-two childrens' performances on the Daberon-2 Screening for School Readiness and the Early Screening Inventory , as well as determine whether there was a correlation between the tests. This study responded to the needs of the local Portland, Oregon area schools, some of which use these tests, to investigate the tests, and explore the possibility of using the shorter ESI over the longer Daberon. The reasoning behind the goal of the study was to determine that if the two tests showed a strong, positive correlation and identified the same children as needing further assessment, then perhaps the test which was shorter to administer could be used with confidence as a faster, but equally reliable 2 pre-kindergarten screening tool. In other words, if a child "passes" the Daberon, one could assume that the child would most likely "pass" the ESI as well. Based on the results of this study, one can make this assumption with a reasonable amount of confidence. The subjects in this study included 16 males and 16 females. All were preschool students, ranging in age from 4-6 to 5-6 with a mean age of 5-1 years. The subjects were given the two tests in a counterbalanced order, which also varied as to sex so that not all of one sex received one test first. The standard scores and whether or not each subject "passed" or "failed" each screen was determined. The correlation between the two tests was also determined. The Pearson product moment correlation coefficient was used to determine the degree of relatedness between the tests. A high positive correlation of .73 was found between the Daberon and the ESI, with a shared variance

Living in counties where manufacturers release environmental toxins, such as those tracked by the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) toxic release inventory (TRI), may elevate infants' health risks. Because infant mortality (IM) is a strong indicator of a population's health status, it is an important topic in public health research. The purpose of this research was to examine the potential relationships between IM, community size, and factors related to mothers' SES in counties where more than 25,000 pounds of annual toxic air releases occur. The dependent variable was IM per 1,000 live births in a given community for each of the 3 years included in this analysis (1987, 1995, and 2004). The independent variables included county size and factors related to mother's SES (education, age, ethnicity, and marital status). The theoretical framework consisted of Mosley and Chen's framework for exploring child survival. Archival, publicly available data were pulled from (a) the EPAs TRI data, and (b) linked birth and infant death files from the National Center for Health Statistics. The researcher followed a quantitative, retrospective cross-sectional design and conducted 3 linear regression models to test the research questions. Results indicated that an increase in community size was significantly associated with an increase in IM. Regarding the relationships between IM and the 4 different maternal characteristics (education, age, ethnicity, and marital status) included in the analysis, findings were mixed for the 3 years examined. Despite these unexpected findings, the overall results from this investigation, when considered alongside findings from previous research on IM, indicate that policy changes and interventions are needed to reduce socioeconomic disparities in IM, and to save the lives of more infants.

Depression is a mental illness that requires prompt identification and treatment due to grave consequences if untreated. Depression can affect a person's level of functioning, lead to worsening health conditions, comorbid substance abuse, and suicide. Despite these facts, the current state of nursing practice includes an inadequate diagnosis of patients with depression, lack of guidelines for the use of assessment tools and diagnostic tests to identify depression, and insufficient information concerning the accuracy of depression assessment tools. This systematic literature review examined 6 depression assessment tools in regard to their accuracy as identified by specificity, sensitivity, reliability, and validity. This project also examined the pros and cons, demographics, and healthcare settings that use these depression inventory tools. This project used the Orlando nursing process theory as a theoretical framework. Based on the review of 10 articles selected, evidence showed that the Hamilton depression rating scale has the highest sensitivity (93%) and specificity (97%) rates. The implications for positive social change include the opportunity for clinicians to use the findings of this project in their selection of depression assessment tools in healthcare settings. Other researchers can use this project as a valuable resource for management of major depressive disorders.

Some owners of small-farm wineries have moved to direct and alternative revenue management strategies to generate revenue and create brand awareness because of increased competition and regulatory changes. Research has revealed that owners of small-farm wineries remain financially reliant on direct-to-consumer sales through tasting rooms that represent an estimated 70% of their total revenue generated. This qualitative multiple case study was an exploration of how revenue management decisions of small-farm winery owners may contribute to long-term survival in a regulated industry. Dynamic capabilities concept was the conceptual framework for this study. The study population consisted of 3 small-farm winery owners in Connecticut who have operated a winery with Connecticut Grown designation for at least 10 years. Data were collected through semistructured interviews, organizational documents, observation notes, and review of each winery's website. Three themes emerged from data analysis: focus on brand and customer base, constraints consideration, and competitors' impact. The findings and recommendations from this study may further small-farm winery owners' understanding of revenue management strategies they can use to overcome constraint challenges and mitigate competitors' impact. As small-farm winery owners improve profitability and sustain long-term survival, subsequent positive social change, such as small business development and increased employment opportunities, may lead to economic prosperity for the local community and financial stability of community residents.

The purpose of this study was to determine the physiological responses of subjects to an initial psychological interview, and to study the effect of physical proximity and touch on these responses. Heart rate and total skin conductance variability were the responses monitored. To assess the subjects' like or dislike of the psychologist interviewer, a measure of interpersonal attraction, the Interpersonal Judgment Scale, was employed. The California Psychological Inventory was utilized to investigate possible personality correlates with the physiological responses. Sixty females, between the ages of 18 and 28, responded to the California Psychological Inventory and were then connected to the physiological monitoring devices. The subjects' physiological responses were recorded for a 10-minute period in an empty office and then they randomly received one of the following treatments: In treatment I the psychologist entered the counseling office, introduced himself, and sat one foot from the subject while orally administering the Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank--Adult Form. When the psychologist reached item 15 he stated, "Very good, now let's go on to page 2." After the test, the psychologist said, "That's all for today, thank you for your help. If you will wait here, the experimenter will be right in." The psychologist then left the office, and the subject responded to the Interpersonal Judgment Scale. Treatment II was identical to treatment I, except the subject was touched three times during the interview, once on the shoulder and twice on the arm. In treatment III the psychologist entered the office, sat behind a desk and followed the procedure outlined in treatment I. The results indicated that a subject's reaction to an initial psychological interview is a mild to moderate defensive response manifested by an increase in physiological stress levels. Total skin conductance variability increased significantly during the period when the psychologist was in the office. Heart rate increased in 54 out of 60 cases, but did not increase sufficiently enough in magnitude to justify significance. There were no significant differences between the three treatment groups on heart rate, skin conductance, or interpersonal attraction, and there were no personality correlates which were great enough to be of practical value. The data collected in the experiment supported the conclusion that a subject's reaction to an initial psychological interview is a mild to moderate stress response manifested by increments in physiological stress levels. Touch and physical proximity do not appear to alter the stress response or the subject's like--dislike attitude toward the psychologist.