Le cadre général des travaux de cette thèse est la chaîne logistique des pièces de rechange et particulièrement l’amélioration de sa performance en prévision et en gestion des stocks à plusieurs niveaux de service. La spécificité d’une demande faible et erratique ne permet pas l’utilisation des approches classiques de prévision. Par ailleurs, les mesures de performance associées reposant sur des indicateurs purement statistiques ne reflètent pas nécessairement les objectifs de gestion d’une chaîne logistique qui cherche à s’aligner avec différents niveaux d’exigence des contrats de maintenance. Après une description des processus et des outils en prévision et en gestion de stocks utilisés dans ce contexte, ces travaux proposent de nouvelles approches de sélection des méthodes de prévisions qui intègrent prévision et gestion de stocks, qui permettent la priorisation en service ou en inventaire et qui utilisent une segmentation par profil de la demande et par niveau de maturité des pièces. Par la suite, ces travaux considèrent le cas de la différenciation client dans le modèle de gestion de stocks basé sur des prévisions, en comparant la performance de la politique à niveau critique avec les politiques classiques à stock commun ou séparé. Chaque processus étudié a été accompagné d’une analyse comparative entre différentes méthodes de prévisions et politiques de gestion de stocks sur des données réelles du cas d’application industrielle de la chaine logistique de GE Healthcare. Ce qui a permis de construire un ensemble de recommandations en fonction de la segmentation de la pièce et des priorités des décideurs. / The main scope of these works is the spare parts supply chain management, particularly the improvement of forecasting and inventory management performance. The specificity of low and erratic demand does not allow the use of conventional approaches of forecasting. Moreover, the associated performance measurements, based on purely statistical indicators, are not adapted to this context. Indeed, it should align with different levels of expectations of the maintenance contracts. After a presentation of the processes and tools used by the dedicated literature. Here we propose new performance analysis approaches seeking to combine the statistical performance of forecasting methods and inventory management performance while considering decision makers priorities and using demand pattern as well as parts age segmentations. These works also address the use of customer differentiation in the inventory model based on forecasting, by comparing the performance of the critical level policy with the common stock and separated stock policies. Each studied process was associated with a comparative analysis of different forecasting methods and inventory management models based on real data of the spare parts supply chain of GE Healthcare, which allowed us to define a set of methods and parameters recommendations according to both part segmentations and supply chain priorities.

Face à un environnement incertain et une internationalisation croissante de la chaîne logistique, la planification industrielle et commerciale (PIC) permet d’adapter efficacement les capacités industrielles à la demande du marché. Dans cette étude, nous présentons un modèle original de PIC utilisant des contraintes de flexibilité, pour améliorer la coordination entre les fonctions commerciales et logistiques. Un premier modèle de simulation permet d’étudier la dynamique du système ainsi que l’impact des différents paramètres sur les performances en termes de coûts et de satisfaction client. Afin d’étudier les politiques optimales, nous proposons un nouveau modèle de simulation-optimisation multi objectif. Différentes méthodes d’optimisation sont comparées, et plusieurs recommandations sont émises pour l’implémentation pratique de notre solution. Enfin, nous comparons les performances de plusieurs politiques de gestion des stocks lorsqu’elles sont couplées avec notre méthode de PIC flexible. À partir de données réelles du constructeur automobile Renault, nous présentons une étude comparative détaillée. Nous proposons plusieurs préconisations pratiques sur le type de politiques à privilégier selon les caractéristiques du système. Ces travaux de recherche sont particulièrement pertinents et applicables à d’autres industries confrontées à de fortes exigences commerciales,une faible visibilité sur la demande future et des approvisionnements longs. / Face to uncertain environment and growing globalization of the supply chains, the salesand operations planning (S&OP) aims to adapt efficiently the industrial capacities to themarket demand. In this research, we present an original S&OP model that uses flexibilityconstraints to improve the coordination between sales and logistics functions. A first simulationmodel is developed to study the system dynamics and the impact of different parameters onsystem’s performance in terms of costs and customer satisfaction. We introduce a multiobjectivesimulation-optimization model to investigate the optimal policies. Several optimization methodsare compared and recommendations are given for the practical implementation of our solution.Then, we compare the performances of several policies for managing parts inventories whenthey are coupled with our flexible S&OP. Based on real data of the automobile manufacturerRenault, we present a detailed comparative study. We present several managerial insights on thetype of policies to favor depending on the system characteristics. This research is particularlyrelevant for other industries that face strict customer requirements, uncertain demand and longprocurement lead time.

Study question: How can the process for article classification and procurement be improved in a new implementable inventory policy with the objective to reduce inventory costs. Purpose: The purpose of this degree project is to design a procurement policy which helps to minimize the annual capital tied up in inventory. Method: The procurement policy is created by a mixed method with a focus on the quantity inputs of secondary data and minor involvements of qualitative from primary data. Inventory management formulas from the theoretical framework constitute the conducted model. With the ground work from theory and inputs from interviews, the research approach has been deductive and followed the guidelines of Ali and Birley (1999). ABB Capacitors is the case study of this degree project which the model has been tested and verified upon. Conclusion: The degree project resulted in procurement policy which includes a calculation model and inventory analysis which has shown success from the theoretical comparisons, and it indicates that the procurement policy is functioning as intended. Mathematical formulas are mere tools in a procurement policy, experience and know-how are two pieces which importance should not be neglected.Weaknesses of this policy concern inventory capacity because the calculations’ purpose is to minimize inventory cost by procuring to an economic optimum. There is a chance that physical structure allows fewer quantities than what is financially best. The policy is recommended for manufacturing industries. / Frågeställning: Hur ska artiklar till lagret köpas in och klassificeras i en ny inköpsstrategi med målet att minska lagerkostnaderna och minimera lagernivåerna till givna förutsättningar. Syfte: Syftet är att ta fram en inköpspolicy som ska minimera årliga kapitalbindningen i lagret. Metod: Inköpspolicyn är utvecklad med hjälp av en blandad metod med fokus på den kvantitativa sekundärdatan med små delar av den kvalitativa primärdatan. Beräkningsmodellen består av de lagerstyrningsformler som presenteras i teorin. Med grunden från teorin och inläggen från intervjuer har forskningsmetoden varit deduktiv och följt riktlinjerna från Ali och Birley (1999). ABB Capacitors är fallstudien för detta examensarbete som modellen har blivit testat och verifierad hos. Slutsats: Examensarbetet resulterade i inköpspolicy som består av en beräkningsmodell och en artikelanalys som har visat sig framgångsrik från de teoretiska jämförelserna och det visar på att inköpsstrategin fungerar som tänkt. Matematiska modeller är bara verktyg i en inköpsstrategi, erfarenhet och kunnande är två komponenter vars betydelse inte ska förminskas. Svagheter i modellen rör kapaciteten i lagret eftersom modellens syfte är att minimera årliga lagerkostnaden genom att köpa in ur en ekonomisk synvinkel. Det finns en risk att den fysiska lagerytan tillåter mindre kvantiteter än vad som är optimalt. Modellen rekommenderas för tillverkande industrier.

A functional spare parts management for a producing paper industry is a key to maintain an efficient production. A non functional component of a value-creating chain may lead to major financial losses. A downtime in a plant is normally costly and can amount to hundreds of thousands of swedish crowns. High stocks of spare parts will in turn generate high amount of tied up capital. A good way to reduce these inventory balances is to let facilities within the same geographical area have a pooling of identical spare parts. The purpose of this study is two-folded. First, through literature studies and interviews, find out what characteristics a spare part should fulfill to be suitable in a joint spare parts management. The second is to investigate, through practical studies, the value a joint management offers from an economic perspective. Interviews are conducted with key personnel for the spare parts management at each individual factory, all these over the telephone. The interviews are conducted so that the authors gain a deeper insight into how they collaborate today and get the respondent's views on future collaboration. The result from the literature study, what properties an article should have for use in a joint spare parts network are the following; high value, slow moving article, high process criticality and long delivery time from supplier. By applying poisson distribution and LCC analysis on twelve selected spare parts, the result shows that the case company can save up to SEK 915,000 by implementing a joint spare parts management. / En fungerande reservdelshantering för en producerande pappersindustrianläggning är en av nycklarna för att bibehålla en effektiv produktion. När en värdeskapande kedja upphör att fungera kan det leda till stora ekonomiska förluster. Ett driftstopp i en anläggning är normalt sätt kostsamma och kan uppgå till hundratusentals kronor. Detta medför höga lagersaldon av reservdelar som i sin tur genererar till mycket bundet kapital. Ett bra sätt att få ner dessa lagersaldon är att anläggningar inom samma geografiska area har en gemensam reservdelshantering för identiska reservdelar. Syftet med denna undersökning är tvådelat. Det första är att genom litteraturstudier och intervjuer upprätta ett underlag för att identifiera reservdelsartiklar att samarbeta med. Det andra är att påvisa vilken ekonomisk sparpotential som finns vid en gemensam reservdelshantering. Intervjuer genomförs med nyckelpersoner för reservdelshanteringen på varje enskilt bruk. Intervjuerna genomförs för att författarna ska få en djupare insikt i hur de samarbetar idag samt få respondenternas synpunkter på framtida samarbete. Resultatet utifrån litteraturstudien har medfört att de egenskaper en artikel bör inneha för att användas i ett gemensamt reservdelsnätverk är följande; högt ekonomiskt värde, låg omsättningshastighet, hög processkritikalitet samt lång leveranstid från leverantör. Genom att använda poissonfördelning och LCC-analys på tolv stycken artiklar blir resultatet att fallföretaget kan spara 915 000 kr vid implementering av gemensam reservdelshantering.

Las estrategias Lean en el sector Textil, la mayoría de las veces, están aplicadas en el área de producción con el objetivo de mejorar la productividad, reducir tiempos y errores en la producción, entre otros. Sin embargo, también hay estudios documentados, los cuales no son comunes en la literatura, para mejorar las operaciones de almacenamiento utilizando estas estrategias. En este estudio se muestra la implementación de la herramienta Lean 5S Hibrida en el almacén de una empresa textil en Lima. El objetivo de la implementación fue mejorar la productividad en el almacén, ya que presentaban altos tiempos en la búsqueda de materiales lo cual reducía el tiempo de producción; redistribuir el almacén, utilizando mejor el espacio que se tiene y poder ubicar los materiales principales de manera estratégica. Los resultados obtenidos fueron: aumento de la productividad en el almacén en 3.95 veces a la inicial, una exactitud de registro de inventarios de 98.17%, se redujeron los tiempos de búsqueda de requerimientos en un 66.12% (de 25 a 8 minutos) y se obtuvo una rotación de inventario de 6.22. / Lean strategies in the Textile sector, most of the time, are applied in the production area with the aim of improving productivity, reducing production times and errors, among others. However, there are also documented studies, which are not common in the literature, to improve storage operations using these strategies. This study shows the implementation of the Lean 5S Hybrid tool in the warehouse of a textile company in Lima. The objective of the implementation was to improve productivity in the warehouse, as they had high times in the search for materials which reduced production time; redistribute the warehouse, better using the space you have and be able to locate the main materials strategically. The results obtained were: increased productivity in the warehouse by 3.95 times to the initial, an inventory registration accuracy of 98.17%, reduced requirements search times by 66.12% (from 25 to 8 minutes) and obtained an inventory rotation of 6.22. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

El presente proyecto de investigación tiene como objetivo reducir los diversos problemas que presenta el sector de construcción, específicamente las empresas concreteras, quienes ofrecen al mercado productos en base de concreto armado. Estos problemas impactan directamente en la rentabilidad y competitividad a nivel nacional. Por ello se considera necesario aplicar herramientas y metodologías de Ingeniería; con el fin de reducir costos operativos, penalidades por incumplimiento de pedidos y aumentar la competitividad. El problema identificado en este proyecto es la mala gestión y control de la producción, que incluye consecuencias directas con respecto a la calidad, planificación de operaciones y método de trabajo; generando principalmente sanciones por incumplimiento de pedidos, aumento de costos operativos y pérdida de costo de oportunidad que afectan negativamente la eficiencia del proceso de producción de postes y accesorios de concreto. Para ello, se propone la implementación de un modelo de mejora aplicando la filosofía Lean Manufacturing; cuya aplicación está enfocada a mejorar tres residuos principales en el sistema de producción: defectos, inventario y tiempo de espera. Las propuestas del estudio generaron una reducción de 6.46% productos defectuosos, una reducción de 9.50% en el indicador de penalidades, un incremento de 21% en la OEE de las máquinas y una reducción del 35% en el tiempo de ciclo. Además, se evidencio la reducción de un 1.81% en sobrecostos operativos, lo cual impacta en $30,199. / The propose of this research is to reduce several problems presented by the construction sector, specifically concrete companies, who offers reinforced concrete products to the market. These problems have a direct impact on profitability and competitiveness at the national level. For this reason, it is necessary to apply engineering tools and methodologies; in order to reduce operating costs, penalties for non-fulfillment of orders and increase competitiveness. The problem identified on this project is poor management and control of production, which includes direct consequences regarding quality, operations planning and work method; mainly generating penalties for non-fulfillment of orders, increased operating costs and loss of opportunity cost, which negatively affect the efficiency of the concrete poles and accessories production process. For this, the implementation of an improvement model is applying the Lean Manufacturing philosophy; whose application is focused on improving three main residues in the production system: defects, inventory and waiting time. The study proposals generated a 6.46% reduction in defective products, a 9.50% reduction in the penalty indicator, a 21% increase in OEE and a 35% reduction in cycle time. In addition, there was a 1.81% reduction in operating cost overruns, which affects $ 30,199. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

This thesis focuses on the support of software applications development using mathematical and statistical methods. One of the topics related to this issue is inventory management. The thesis deals with inventory management in the pizzeria, which I have thoroughly analyzed and based on the data and methods needed to design a software application to simplify and accelerate the supply of raw materials.

The master's thesis focuses on supporting the development of applications using mathematical and statistical methods. This is used in the thesis to effective management of inventory for the store and e-shop. For this purpose, an application in VBA programming language has been developed to help the company to keep track of the inventory and find the optimum insurance stock level for ordering new goods.

This master’s thesis deals with the selection and implementation of an information system for the Pavlovín winery s.r.o. In this thesis is firstly introduces the theoretical foundation necessary for the understanding of this topic and subsequently is analysed the current state of the company with an emphasis on the information system and production processes related to process procedures in the field of cellar management. The penultimate part of the thesis is connected with the evaluation of the information system variant and the subsequent selection of the optimal variant, its implementation is described in the last chapter using the technique of project management.

En la presente tesis se propone la implementación de un sistema de gestión de compras a inventarios para una empresa comercializadora de productos de tecnologías de la información y comunicación. Esto se debe a que su principal problema reside en los productos inmovilizados que presentan en el almacén. En el primer capítulo se apreciarán los conceptos relacionados a la administración y gestión de inventarios partiendo de la cadena de suministro y logística. A su vez el comportamiento de la demanda de estos. En el segundo capítulo se abarcará el diagnóstico del presente caso de estudio ya que para generar una propuesta se debe analizar primero dónde reside el problema dónde sus causas raíces significan que no hay pronósticos certeros y una cultura de orden en el almacén por lo que los productos no se ubican. Eso dará hincapié al tercer capítulo el cuál detallará cómo solucionar la problemática por medio de un análisis de un modelo de pronóstico más eficiente, en este caso el Syntetos y Boyland y como la metodología 5S de forma innovadora en sintonía con un modelo de Kanban con enfoque adaptativo a almacén permite ordenar esta situación y establecer un procedimiento de seguimiento a la mercadería. Esto se validará por un Piloto en el cuarto capítulo, realizado en dos meses, dónde se evidencian mejoras del índice de rotación de inventario y los costos logísticos asociados. Esto se reflejará en un impacto económico positivo de aumento al 66.26% de la utilidad neta diagnosticada. / In this thesis, the implementation of an inventory purchasing management system for a company that markets information and communication technology products is proposed. This is because their main problem resides in the immobilized products that they present in the warehouse. In the first chapter the concepts related to the administration and management of inventories starting from the supply chain and logistics will be appreciated. In turn, the behavior of the demand for these. In the second chapter, the diagnosis of the present case study will be covered, since to generate a proposal you must first analyze where the problem lies, where its root causes mean that there are no accurate forecasts and a culture of order in the warehouse, so the products are not located. That will emphasize the third chapter which will detail how to solve the problem through an analysis of a more efficient forecasting model, in this case the Syntetos and Boyland and how the 5S methodology is innovatively in tune with a Kanban model with focus Adaptive to warehouse allows to order this situation and establish a procedure for monitoring the merchandise. This will be validated by a Pilot in the fourth chapter, carried out in two months, where improvements in the inventory turnover rate and associated logistics costs are evident. This will be reflected in a positive economic impact of an increase to 66.26% of the diagnosed net profit. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional