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Colonial Ironwork in Guanajuato, MexicoChristie, Mildred Virginia 06 1900 (has links)
This study purposes to serve as an introduction to the Colonial ironwork to be found in Guanajuato City.
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Development of the architectural iron founding industry in ScotlandMitchell, David Scott January 2013 (has links)
This thesis describes the origins of the Scottish architectural iron founding industry. It also investigates the underpinning reasons for the proliferation of the Scottish industry in terms of the technological context and the complex inter–relationships of the key figures and firms involved. The founding of Carron in 1759, combined with the discovery of blackband ironstone and the means to smelt it, prompted the rapid growth of the iron founding industry at the start of the 19th century. The influence of Carron in propagating a broader industry and the evolution of the early architectural specialists are discussed. Accounts are given of the key Scottish firms and projects and structures are considered in detail. The Saracen Foundry of Walter Macfarlane and Co is identified as a firm of international importance. The comparative outputs of the key firms in relation to known structures are considered as well as the decline of the industry towards the end of the 20th century. Significant works of innovation are identified which have not previously been appreciated in early iron façade construction at Perth Waterworks, and possibly the earliest iron glasshouse at Fairfield House in Dalkeith.
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Les petites villes, de nouveaux centres pour le développement territorial chinois : l'exemple de la province du Zhejiang / The small cities, some new centres for the chinese territorial development : the case of Zhejiang provinceMilhaud, Stéphane 05 December 2013 (has links)
Cette thèse de doctorat en géographie urbaine s'intéresse à l'évolution de l'armature urbaine depuis le début des années 1980 dans la province du Zhejiang en Chine. Les villes y ont connu de considérables changements: l'ampleur de l'urbanisation s'exprime tant dans leur évolution physique que dans leur distribution sur l'ensemble du territoire. Le Zhejiang, dont le taux d'urbanisation est passé de 13,7 à 61,6 % entre 1980 et 2010, est situé au sud de Shanghai. Il intègre une partie de la région du delta du Yangzi, l'un des bassins industriels et démographiques les plus dynamiques de Chine, et met en évidence les mutations urbaines aussi bien au sein de ce type de territoires riches et en plein essor que dans les terres en marge de leur développement. Le développement des petites villes, avec une population comprise entre 100 000 et 500 000 habitants, se révèle être le paramètre moteur de l'évolution de l'armature urbaine: alors que la province n'en compte que 13 en 1990, elles sont au nombre de 45 en 2000 puis 52 en 2010. En centrant la recherche sur ces entité : urbaines, l'étude analyse l'impact d'une politique de développement local standardisée, guidée par l'objectif prioritaire de croissance économique. À l'origine d'une promotion des petites villes au sein de la hiérarchie urbaine, ces pratiques uniformes provoquent de nombreuses fractures spatiales et socio-économiques et, en l'absence d'une planification régionale rigoureuse, n'anticipent pas une sélection urbaine déjà commencée. Les relations entre les villes et leurs périphéries rurales en sont modifiées, corollaire d'une redistribution des activités et des populations au sein d'un espace fonctionnel mixte. / This PhD in urban geography focuses on the evolution of the urban framework since the early 1980 : in the province of Zhejiang in China. The unprecedented size and rapidity of Chinese urbanization have transformed both their structure and territorial distribution. Zhejiang province, whose urbanization rate increased from 13.7 to 61.6% between 1980 and 2010, is located south of Shanghai. It covers a part of the Yangtzi Delta region, one of the biggest metropolitan areas in China, and highlights the urban transformations both within such thriving territories and in peripheral areas. The development of small cities, with a population between 100,000 and 500,000 inhabitants is proving to be the most common feature of the evolution of its urban framework: while the province had only 13 small cities in 1990, they were 45 in 2000 and 52 in 2010. Focusing on these urban entities, this research work analyses the impacts of a standardized urban planning, guided by the overriding objective of economic growth. Promoting small cities in the urban hierarchy, these planning practices nevertheless cause socio-spatial divisions. In addition, the absence of a rigorous regional planning does not anticipate an urban selection already started. The relations between urban cores and their rural peripheries are renewed, and lead to a redistribution of activities and populations in a mixed functional space. The chosen angle is to reveal the complex links between urban practices largely shared in China and socio-economic as well as space realities in order to outline the shape of the new urban framework. Small cities have new roles to play and support an on-going renewal of the urban hierarchy
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Tecnologia siderúrgica no Brasil do século XIX: conhecimento e técnica na aurora de um país (o caso da Fábrica de Ferro de São João do Ipanema) / Metallurgical technology in the nineteenth century Brazil: knowledge and technique in the dawn of a country (the case of Fábrica de Ferro de São João do Ipanema)Faciaben, Marcos Eduardo 22 June 2012 (has links)
Este trabalho tem por pretensão estudar e analisar a transferência e a constituição de tecnologia no Brasil nas duas primeiras décadas do século XIX, para isso foi escolhido o caso da siderurgia e sua implementação no, então, território Luso-americano. Para tal fim a escolha foi a da Fábrica de Ferro de São João de Ipanema, aonde foi introduzida em maior escala de investimentos de tempo e capital. Para o sucesso da empreitada tida como muitos impossível de se concretizar no cenário tropical do Brasil foram mobilizados cientistas, técnicos, nacionais e estrangeiros, os quais contribuíram com a criação, manutenção e desenvolvimento de uma fábrica capaz de suprir ao império de Portugal com armas e equipamentos diversos de ferro, necessários ao desenvolvimento econômico. A hipótese a ser testada é que Ipanema fazia parte de um projeto maior do Império Português de modernização, por meio do conhecimento científico e da aplicação tecnológica de ponta, advindas do Iluminismo e das formas de governança ilustradas e ao estilo de desenvolvimento inglês que demonstrava os sucessos da industrialização. Porém este se fazia com uma série de elementos complicadores, advindos da própria estrutura social, econômica e política de Portugal e do Brasil, sua colônia em rápido processo de transformação. / This work has the intention to study and analyze the creation and transfer of technology in Brazil in the first two decades of the nineteenth century, it was chosen for the case of iron work and its implementation in the Luso-American\'s territory. The choice of this work are the Fábrica de Ferro de São João de Ipanema, where was introduced on a larger scale investment of time and capital. For the success of these efforts many regarded as impossible to achieve in the tropical setting of Brazil, were mobilized scientists, technicians, domestic and foreign, which contributed to the creation, maintenance and development of a plant capable of supplying the empire with guns and miscellaneous equipment of iron, necessary for economic development of Portugal. The hypothesis to be tested is that Ipanema was part of a larger project of modernization of the Portuguese Empire, through the application of scientific knowledge and technology, stemming from the Enlightenment and forms of governance and illustration, and in the english style that showed the development successes of industrialization. But this was done with a number of complicating elements, resulting from the social structure, economic and policy of Portugal and Brazil, its colony in a process of rapid transformation.
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Tecnologia siderúrgica no Brasil do século XIX: conhecimento e técnica na aurora de um país (o caso da Fábrica de Ferro de São João do Ipanema) / Metallurgical technology in the nineteenth century Brazil: knowledge and technique in the dawn of a country (the case of Fábrica de Ferro de São João do Ipanema)Marcos Eduardo Faciaben 22 June 2012 (has links)
Este trabalho tem por pretensão estudar e analisar a transferência e a constituição de tecnologia no Brasil nas duas primeiras décadas do século XIX, para isso foi escolhido o caso da siderurgia e sua implementação no, então, território Luso-americano. Para tal fim a escolha foi a da Fábrica de Ferro de São João de Ipanema, aonde foi introduzida em maior escala de investimentos de tempo e capital. Para o sucesso da empreitada tida como muitos impossível de se concretizar no cenário tropical do Brasil foram mobilizados cientistas, técnicos, nacionais e estrangeiros, os quais contribuíram com a criação, manutenção e desenvolvimento de uma fábrica capaz de suprir ao império de Portugal com armas e equipamentos diversos de ferro, necessários ao desenvolvimento econômico. A hipótese a ser testada é que Ipanema fazia parte de um projeto maior do Império Português de modernização, por meio do conhecimento científico e da aplicação tecnológica de ponta, advindas do Iluminismo e das formas de governança ilustradas e ao estilo de desenvolvimento inglês que demonstrava os sucessos da industrialização. Porém este se fazia com uma série de elementos complicadores, advindos da própria estrutura social, econômica e política de Portugal e do Brasil, sua colônia em rápido processo de transformação. / This work has the intention to study and analyze the creation and transfer of technology in Brazil in the first two decades of the nineteenth century, it was chosen for the case of iron work and its implementation in the Luso-American\'s territory. The choice of this work are the Fábrica de Ferro de São João de Ipanema, where was introduced on a larger scale investment of time and capital. For the success of these efforts many regarded as impossible to achieve in the tropical setting of Brazil, were mobilized scientists, technicians, domestic and foreign, which contributed to the creation, maintenance and development of a plant capable of supplying the empire with guns and miscellaneous equipment of iron, necessary for economic development of Portugal. The hypothesis to be tested is that Ipanema was part of a larger project of modernization of the Portuguese Empire, through the application of scientific knowledge and technology, stemming from the Enlightenment and forms of governance and illustration, and in the english style that showed the development successes of industrialization. But this was done with a number of complicating elements, resulting from the social structure, economic and policy of Portugal and Brazil, its colony in a process of rapid transformation.
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L’art de la Serrurerie en Bretagne aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles / Ironwork and locksmiths in Britany in the 17th and 18 th centuriesDesrondiers, Carine 17 May 2014 (has links)
L’art de la Serrurerie en Bretagne aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles met en lumière l’art du fer forgé, un domaine des arts décoratifs aux confluents de ceux de l’architecture, du mobilier et de l’ornement, devenu, au fil du temps, la « Cendrillon des arts ». Les recherches en archives et les enquêtes sur le terrain inédites ont été menées sur les cinq diocèses (Finistère, Côtes-d’Armor, Morbihan, Ille-et-Vilaine et Loire-Atlantique) qui composent la province de Bretagne avant la Révolution et ont donné lieu à une synthèse historique et artistique développée sur trois axes. La première partie analyse le cadre d’origine et l’évolution des communautés de serruriers en Bretagne à partir de l’étude des chartes et des statuts et de leur application. La deuxième partie s’intéresse à la connaissance de l’individu-serrurier dans son environnement socio-familial, mais également à travers sa formation artisanale et les étapes marquantes de sa vie professionnelle (apprentissage, compagnonnage et maîtrise). La troisième partie examine les commanditaires, le processus de la commande et la production des œuvres – clef, serrure, grille, heurtoir, balcon, rampe…- depuis l’atelier jusqu’aux édifices bretons où certaines d’entre elles demeurent encore. Le catalogue des œuvres ainsi que le dictionnaire biographique (1200 notices) illustrent et proposent des outils documentaires complémentaires à l’étude sociale et culturelle ainsi qu’à l’histoire du goût afin de contribuer à la redécouverte des serruriers bretons tout autant que de leurs œuvres pendant une période considérée, en France, comme l’âge d’or du fer forgé. / The Art of Locksmithery in Britany in the 17th and 18th centuries highlights the art of iron forged – a section of the decorative arts in between architecture, furniture design and ornament that has become the “Cinderella of arts” over the ages.Records based research and on-site investigations were conducted in five dioceses - Finistère, Côtes-d’Armor, Morbihan, Ille-et-Vilaine and Loire-Atlantique, which Britany included before the French Revolution- and resulted in a synthetic essay about history and art. The first part analyses the original background and the evolution of the community of locksmiths in Britany from the study of charters, statuses and their application. The second part presents individual locksmiths in their social and family environment as well as through their training as craftsmen with the main steps of their professional life – apprenticeship, companionship and mastering. The third part deals with the contractors, the ordering process and the creation of pieces of work - key, lock, knocker, grille, balcony, bracket, lectern... - from the workshop to the Breton buildings, a few of which still feature some of those creations.The works catalogue and the biographical dictionary (1200 entries) illustrate and offer other documenting tools for further social and cultural studies and knowledge of design history in order to contribute to the rediscovery of Breton locksmiths and their works over a period regarded as the French golden age of ironwork.
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Vid Gudarna, så Smidigt! : Att identifiera och tolka smedens roll och det osteologiska materialets användningsområden i samband med smide i lokalen ”Signallottan” / Oh Gods, the iron-y! : To identify and interpret the role of the smith and the use of bone in smithing at the site “Signallottan”Randér, Gustav January 2022 (has links)
The Gotlandic smith has been depicted on several picture stones and is a subject of fear and respect in the Old Norse sagas. Their technological prowess can be identified through their skilful work and through the stories told about them, but one must delve deeper to identify the smith-craft itself. This thesis seeks to apply the practice of bone-smithing on the osteological material from the Gotlandic site of “Signallottan” located about a kilometre southeast of the Hanseatic walled city of Visby, a site which was excavated in 2018 to get a broader understanding of the site’s previous uses. In addition to this, an osteological and spatial analysis will be carried out to identify the role of the smith and the use of bones in smithing, as well as a literature study of texts depicting or discussing the smith from the perspective of the Icelandic sagas. The thesis will focus on the application of theoretical frameworks with their basis in materiality, agency, and entanglement to interpret what activities can be identified in Signallottan through the current analyses in correlation with the extensive previous identification of osteological material from the site. This thesis will seek to identify the animal species that are present in the osteological material as well as the degree of cremation of the bones, which could imply that bones were used in smithing practice and ritual during the Viking Age. Around 2,5kg of bones were analysed during the thesis, a majority of which were burnt. The spatial analysis of the site, which was carried out through GIS, reveals a connection between finds of iron, slag, and bone together with oxide scale to form the interpretation of the site as having been used for smithing, that may have used bone as fuel during the carbonisation-process. The smithing practices during the Viking Age are deemed to be a supernaturally connected practice with transformative implications of seiðr, old Norse magic, but are also practices that were highly dependent on the craftsman’s skill and a network of trade to receive the materials necessary for larger-scale production in an agricultural society.
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Náhrobní mříž v českých zemích v období raného novověku. Mříž a hrobový prostor 1550-1740 / Sepulchral Ironwork in Early Modern Bohemia. Ironwork and Sepulchral Environment between 1550-1740Gandalovičová, Šárka January 2015 (has links)
The text deals with various types of ironwork from ca 1550-1740, which we can encounter in sepulchral spaces in Bohemia. The text includes notable examples of individual types of ironwork related to sepulchral monuments in Bohemia and even Central Europe, especially when the works were inspired by Bohemian examples. The main research subject matter of the dissertation is a typological group of ironwork that defined the space around a tombstone or mausoleum freely situated in a sacred environment, e.g. the most important cited work - the ironwork surrounding the Royal Mausoleum in Prague, or the ironwork surrounding the Cenotaph of Maxmilian I located in the Court Church of Innsbruck. Other types of ironwork related to sepulchral monuments are mentioned complementarily, such as ironwork closing off interior chapels, freely standing ironwork, and ironwork protecting sepulchral niches. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Der historische Eisenerzbergbau im Osterzgebirge und Elbtalschiefergebirge – eine geographisch-geologische LandschaftsanalysePflug, Norbert 21 November 2013 (has links)
Im Osterzgebirge sowie im nordöstlich daran angrenzenden Elbtalschiefergebirge wurde mit Unterbrechungen über mehrere Jahrhunderte Bergbau auf Eisen betrieben. Für die Besiedlung, den Bergbau auf andere Metalle, die Landwirtschaft und das Handwerk in der Region hatte der Eisenerzbergbau eine gewisse Bedeutung. Im Gegensatz zum Silber- und Buntmetallbergbau ist über den Eisenerzbergbau allerdings nur relativ wenig bekannt.
Das Ziel dieser Diplomarbeit bestand deshalb darin, eine zusammenfassende geologisch-geographische Darstellung, die sowohl den historischen Eisenerzbergbau im Osterzgebirge als auch den historischen Eisenerzbergbau im Elbtalschiefergebirge beinhaltet, zu erarbeiten. Um ein hohes Maß an Vollständigkeit zu gewährleisten, wurden die Erkenntnisse aus Archiven, Bibliotheken und Sammlungen zusammengetragen. Überdies wurde auch auf das Fachwissen von Heimatvereinen, Bergbaumuseen und Hobbyhistorikern zurückgegriffen.
Ferner wird im Rahmen dieser Arbeit untersucht, welche Typen von Eisenerzlagerstätten es im Osterzgebirge und im Elbtalschiefergebirge gab, wie diese entstanden sind, um welche Mineralisation und um welche Art von Eisenerztypen es sich dabei handelt. Mit den gegenwärtig zur Verfügung stehenden Methoden der Analytik (REM-EDX) werden zudem die Mineralparagenese und die chemische Zusammensetzung von historischen und neuen Eisenerzproben aus dem Osterz- und Elbtalschiefergebirge untersucht. Ferner wird den Fragestellungen nachgegangen, wann diese Eisenerzlagerstätten erschlossen wurden, über welchen Zeitraum sie unter Abbau standen und wie viel Eisenerz aus den jeweiligen Gruben gefördert wurde. Hierfür erfolgte eine detaillierte Dokumentation der wichtigsten ehemaligen Eisenerzlagerstätten mit den dazugehörigen Zeugnissen des historischen Eisenerzbergbaus.
Darauf aufbauend werden die Bedeutung des Eisenerzbergbaus und des daran angeschlossenen Eisenhüttenwesens für die wirtschaftliche und kulturelle Entwicklung des Gebietes untersucht. Des Weiteren werden die regionalen Beziehungen zu anderen Bergbau- und Wirtschaftszweigen aufgezeigt. Der Prozess des Aufbrechens der regionalen Wirtschaftsstrukturen im Zuge der Industrialisierung wird eingehend erläutert. Und die Gründe für den Niedergang des Eisenerzbergbaus und Eisenhüttenwesens werden ebenfalls genannt. Danach erfolgt eine Betrachtung darüber, welche bergbauhistorischen Zeugnisse heute im Gelände noch auffindbar bzw. welche Nachfolgenutzungen an den Standorten des historischen Eisenerzbergbaus und des Eisenhüttenwesens gegenwärtig vorhanden sind. Abschließend wird erläutert welche Schlussfolgerungen für die Nutzung des geotouristischen Potenzials sich daraus ergeben.
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Der historische Eisenerzbergbau im Osterzgebirge und Elbtalschiefergebirge – eine geographisch-geologische LandschaftsanalysePflug, Norbert 08 January 2014 (has links) (PDF)
Im Osterzgebirge sowie im nordöstlich daran angrenzenden Elbtalschiefergebirge wurde mit Unterbrechungen über mehrere Jahrhunderte Bergbau auf Eisen betrieben. Für die Besiedlung, den Bergbau auf andere Metalle, die Landwirtschaft und das Handwerk in der Region hatte der Eisenerzbergbau eine gewisse Bedeutung. Im Gegensatz zum Silber- und Buntmetallbergbau ist über den Eisenerzbergbau allerdings nur relativ wenig bekannt.
Das Ziel dieser Diplomarbeit bestand deshalb darin, eine zusammenfassende geologisch-geographische Darstellung, die sowohl den historischen Eisenerzbergbau im Osterzgebirge als auch den historischen Eisenerzbergbau im Elbtalschiefergebirge beinhaltet, zu erarbeiten. Um ein hohes Maß an Vollständigkeit zu gewährleisten, wurden die Erkenntnisse aus Archiven, Bibliotheken und Sammlungen zusammengetragen. Überdies wurde auch auf das Fachwissen von Heimatvereinen, Bergbaumuseen und Hobbyhistorikern zurückgegriffen.
Ferner wird im Rahmen dieser Arbeit untersucht, welche Typen von Eisenerzlagerstätten es im Osterzgebirge und im Elbtalschiefergebirge gab, wie diese entstanden sind, um welche Mineralisation und um welche Art von Eisenerztypen es sich dabei handelt. Mit den gegenwärtig zur Verfügung stehenden Methoden der Analytik (REM-EDX) werden zudem die Mineralparagenese und die chemische Zusammensetzung von historischen und neuen Eisenerzproben aus dem Osterz- und Elbtalschiefergebirge untersucht. Ferner wird den Fragestellungen nachgegangen, wann diese Eisenerzlagerstätten erschlossen wurden, über welchen Zeitraum sie unter Abbau standen und wie viel Eisenerz aus den jeweiligen Gruben gefördert wurde. Hierfür erfolgte eine detaillierte Dokumentation der wichtigsten ehemaligen Eisenerzlagerstätten mit den dazugehörigen Zeugnissen des historischen Eisenerzbergbaus.
Darauf aufbauend werden die Bedeutung des Eisenerzbergbaus und des daran angeschlossenen Eisenhüttenwesens für die wirtschaftliche und kulturelle Entwicklung des Gebietes untersucht. Des Weiteren werden die regionalen Beziehungen zu anderen Bergbau- und Wirtschaftszweigen aufgezeigt. Der Prozess des Aufbrechens der regionalen Wirtschaftsstrukturen im Zuge der Industrialisierung wird eingehend erläutert. Und die Gründe für den Niedergang des Eisenerzbergbaus und Eisenhüttenwesens werden ebenfalls genannt. Danach erfolgt eine Betrachtung darüber, welche bergbauhistorischen Zeugnisse heute im Gelände noch auffindbar bzw. welche Nachfolgenutzungen an den Standorten des historischen Eisenerzbergbaus und des Eisenhüttenwesens gegenwärtig vorhanden sind. Abschließend wird erläutert welche Schlussfolgerungen für die Nutzung des geotouristischen Potenzials sich daraus ergeben.
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