Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University / As the title of this thesis indicates, this work deals with the former Italian Colonies during the period of 1945-50. Economically speaking all three territories are of little value. Their importance lies in the strategic position they occupy. All three, Eritrea, Libya except for the Fezzan, and Italian Somaliland came under British Military Administration on or before 1943. In 1945 the Council of Foreign Ministers took up the problem, but due to disagreement among the Big Four (United Kingdom, United States of America, France and the Soviet Union), and due to the many and sometimes unfounded claims of some other nations, the problem of the Italian Colonies defied solution. Despite the initial failure, the Council of Foreign Ministers did not give up hope, but instead it kept on working on the problem till 1947 when the Big Four powers, in the Treaty of Peace with Italy, made the latter country renounce all rights and claims to its former possessions in Africa and at the same time agreed to hand over the problem to the United Nations General Assembly in case of failure to agree among themselves within one year of the coming into force of the Treaty of Peace with Italy. [TRUNCATED]

A presente dissertação tem como objetivo apresentar uma tradução comentada e anotada, para a língua portuguesa, de Il Decameroncino [O pequeno Decameron], do escritor italiano Luigi Capuana (1839-1915), obra publicada em 1901 na Itália. Juntamente a esta tradução comentada, apresentamos um estudo sobre o papel desempenhado por Capuana tanto na literatura, quanto na cultura italiana, tendo se destacado como uma das personalidades que mais contribuíram para a modernização e a atualização da literatura de seu país, através da participação ativa nos debates que se fizeram após o advento da Unificação Italiana. / This paper aims at presenting a commented and annotated translation to Portuguese of Il Decameroncino, by the Italian writer Luigi Capuana (1839-1915), published in 1901 in Italy. Along with this commented translation, I have presented a study on the role played by Capuana in both Italian literature and culture, as he emerged as one of the most important personalities in modernization and updating process of Italian literature, through taking an active part in the debates which happened after the Unification of Italian States.

Thesis advisor: Virginia Reinburg / Thesis advisor: Sarah G. Ross / Bernardino Ochino (1487-1564) has long been a misinterpreted historical figure. Even to specialists Ochino’s Siena is less well-known than Luther’s Wittenburg or Calvin’s Geneva. A once-famous Capuchin preacher turned “heretic,” Ochino was forced into exile in 1542 upon the re-establishment of the Roman Inquisition. Ochino’s life has often been defined in terms of success and failure, his exile as a personal tragedy, and his theological ideas as unclassifiable. An examination of some of his most important letters as well as a selection of his sermons, dialogues, and his catechism, however, illustrate that Ochino’s exile actually provided him with opportunities that allowed him to become the teacher of Italian reformed thought to his followers in Italy and throughout Europe. This was made possible largely by his now unimpeded access to the printing press, the medium to which he resorted after his preaching was silenced. From his state of exile he, quite literally, helped to compose the Italian Reformation and his story speaks to the growing interest among historians in conceptualizing exile and mobility as preconditions of religious transformation and the international Reformation. Ochino’s corpus of works reveals a man intimately engaged with the Protestant Reformation throughout Europe. His writings betray the influence of Luther and Calvin, while maintaining a certain Italian “anti-dogmatism” that historians have long recognized in Ochino’s work and in the Italian Reformation more broadly. Ochino’s eclecticism is a reminder that the Italian Reformation must be appreciated in its own right, as a crucial element of the international Reformation and not simply as a catalyst for the Counter or Catholic Reformation, as it is often portrayed. Ochino’s works—printed abroad and frequently transported clandestinely back to Italy—reveal the existence of a community of men and women who hoped to be agents of religious reform, not simply heretics who hoped to avoid the gaze of the Inquisition. Theirs was a religion that begged to be lived, not one that was meant to be hidden. Ochino was their leader.

Thesis advisor: Kenji Hayao / Thesis advisor: Hiroshi Nakazato / The most stunning example of two historical figures working both together and against one another to fashion a shared goal is the demonstration of power and compromise displayed by Count Camillo Benso di Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi during the Sicilian Revolution of 1860 and additional events during the greater Italian Risorgimento. This thesis is an attempt to uncover the bargaining strategies utilized by Cavour and Garibaldi throughout their political interactions as well as reach important conclusions concerning the use of interpersonal relationships to aid, not hinder, the outcome of a common political aim. This case study focuses on the years from 1852 to 1870, but specifically looks at 1859 to 1861, largely considering the theoretical framework of political game theory as outlined by Thomas Schelling. After forming two distinct hypotheses regarding both the competitive and cooperative nature of the two men's relationship, this thesis finds a greater cooperative characteristic to their historic interactions, although both hypotheses contribute to a relationship that formed the state of Italy. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2008. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: International Studies. / Discipline: International Studies Honors Program.

Romance inovador, sobretudo graças à incorporação da psicanálise à literatura, La coscienza di Zeno, de Italo Svevo, é também a obra-prima de um autor situado em diversas intersecções: ele escreveu de um local de fronteira entre várias culturas; numa língua que era sua por adoção; na transição entre dois séculos; em meio à alteração das configurações políticas e econômicas da Europa; em um período de intensa transformação das idéias e da forma de narrar. Este estudo busca levantar subsídios para melhor situar o romance em relação a seu tempo e ao complexo ambiente intelectual do fim do século XIX (caracterizado pelo conflito e pela coexistência de cientificismo e irracionalismo, positivismo e pessimismo), bem como em relação à tradição do romance europeu. Para isso, conta com o auxílio da crítica literária e sócio-histórica, além dos artigos e ensaios de Svevo. / A breakthrough novel specially regarding its incorporation of psychoanalysis into literature , La coscienza di Zeno, by Italo Svevo, is also the masterpiece of an author placed in many intersections: he wrote from the boundaries of different cultures; in an adopted language; during the transition of two centuries; amid changes at the political and economical settings of Europe; and through the transformation of ideas and the narrative. This study aims to gather elements to better relate La coscienza to the complex intelectual environment of the late 19th century (marked by the conflict and the coexistence of scientism and irrationalism, positivism and pessimism), as well to the tradition of european novel. To this purpose, it benefits from the literary and sociohistorical criticism, and from Svevos articles and essays.

A presente dissertação tem como objetivo apresentar uma tradução comentada e anotada, para a língua portuguesa, de Il Decameroncino [O pequeno Decameron], do escritor italiano Luigi Capuana (1839-1915), obra publicada em 1901 na Itália. Juntamente a esta tradução comentada, apresentamos um estudo sobre o papel desempenhado por Capuana tanto na literatura, quanto na cultura italiana, tendo se destacado como uma das personalidades que mais contribuíram para a modernização e a atualização da literatura de seu país, através da participação ativa nos debates que se fizeram após o advento da Unificação Italiana. / This paper aims at presenting a commented and annotated translation to Portuguese of Il Decameroncino, by the Italian writer Luigi Capuana (1839-1915), published in 1901 in Italy. Along with this commented translation, I have presented a study on the role played by Capuana in both Italian literature and culture, as he emerged as one of the most important personalities in modernization and updating process of Italian literature, through taking an active part in the debates which happened after the Unification of Italian States.

REDOSCHI, M.E. O autor \"florentino\" da literatura suíça em língua italiana: Francesco Chiesa. 2008. 90 pag. Dissertação (mestrado) - Faculdade de Filosofia Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2008. A Suíça é um país situado no centro da Europa ocidental e conta com quatro idiomas oficiais: o alemão, o francês, o italiano e o romanche. A Confederação Helvética possui vinte e seis unidades administrativas, denominadas Cantões, formados ao longo da história, que contam com um alto grau de autonomia. O idioma de Dante está presente como língua materna de boa parte da população do Cantão de Ticino e de quatro vales alpinos no vizinho Cantão Grisões, onde divide espaço com o alemão e o romanche. É apresentado o contexto formativo do italiano falado na região, que se padronizou em torno da norma toscana a partir do Séc XVI, graças à qualidade das escolas mantidas por religiosos como São Carlos Borromeo. Eram utilizadas as gramáticas e métodos mais modernos disponíveis na época. Nesta encruzilhada de civilizações, de área habitada equivalente à cidade de São Paulo e ABCD, surgiu Francesco Chiesa. Foi o primeiro escritor suíço a efetivamente a desbravar o árduo mercado editorial italiano, colocando assim o nome de sua região definitivamente nos manuais de língua e literatura. À sua numerosa produção em poesia e prosa, soma-se a longeva biografia (1871-1973). Destacam-se suas atividades como professor de língua, historia da arte, jornalista e defensor do patrimônio artístico e cultural de origem lombarda de sua terra. Em 1925 seria publicado Tempo di marzo, que se tornaria sua obra mais conhecida no exterior. Um retrato da sociedade agrária do Ticino do início do novecentos, o romance é uma transposição lírica da realidade histórica da região. À medida que o garoto Nino transcorre o final de sua infância, passamos a conhecer melhor a geografia, usos e costumes do Ticino de antigamente. Por sua escrita límpida, fluída, quase \"manzoniana\" o romance foi discutido e ensinado nas escolas do norte da Itália, como exemplo de redação em italiano padrão. Completado em 1943, Io e i miei, é uma obra \'moderna\', dentro da estética Chiesiana. Lançado em pleno período da guerra, fatores logísticos impediram que o livro tivesse a merecida repercussão. Uma espécie de híbrido de conto e romance, lá são narrados os conflitos internos de uma família de viúvos recasados, da filha Serafina e do filho Manlio. São evidenciados sobretudo os dramas do pai. Um pessimismo e uma resignação lânguida, em contraste à jovialidade e alegria de Tempo di marzo, permeiam a narrativa. O registro melancólico dos vilarejos em decadência é comparado à extratos de Il fondo del sacco, escrito pelo romancista grisonês de temática realista Plinio Martini, cerca de trinta anos mais tarde. Francesco Chiesa foi o primeiro e o mais \"florentino\" dos escritores suíços de expressão italiana. / ABSTRACT REDOSCHI, M.E. The \"florentine\" author of Switzerland\'s literature in italian: Francesco Chiesa. 2008. 90 pag. Master\'s Thesis - Faculty of Filosofy, Letters and Human Sciences (FFLCH), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2008. Switzerland is a country located at the center of western Europe with four official languages: German, French, Italian and Romansch. The Helvetian Confederation has twenty-six highly autonomous administrative units, called Cantons, formed throughout history. Dante\'s language is present as the mother tongue of the bulk of Canton Ticino\'s population as well in four alpine valleys on the nearby Canton Grisons. There it shares space with Swiss-German and Romansch. The background for the formation of the Italian spoken in the region, which had standardized around tuscan rules from the sixteenth century - thanks to the quality of schools maintained by clerics such as Saint Charles Borromeo - is presented. The most modern grammars and teaching methods available at the time were used. At this crossroads of civilizations, with an inhabited area equivalent to the city of São Paulo and a few nearby suburbs, appeared Francesco Chiesa. He was the first Swiss author to effectively brave the italian book market, thus inscribing his region\'s name forever on the Italian language and literature textbooks. Added to his prolific production in prose and verse, is his longevous biography (1871-1973). Worthy of note are his activities as professor of italian, art history, journalist and supporter of his land\'s lombardic cultural and artistic heritage. In 1925 would be published Tempo di marzo, which would become his best known work abroad. A portrait of agrarian Ticino society at the early nineteen-hundreds, the romance is a lyric transposition of the region\'s historical realities. As the boy Nino moves toward the end of his childhood, we get to experience the geography, customs and traditions of yesteryear Ticino. By virtue of his clear, fluid, almost \"manzonian\" writing, the novel was discussed and taught at Northern Italy schools. It was used as a model in italian composition classes. Finished in 1943, Io e i miei, is a \'modern\' work, within Chiesa\'s style. Released right in the middle of wartime, logistical factors prevented the book from having a much deserved accolade. A sort of hybrid between a short story and a novel, it narrates the internal conflicts of a family of remarried widowers, the daughter Serafina and the son Manlio. In evidence are the father\'s issues. A pessimistic tone, of quiet languishing and resignation, in contrast to the youthfulness and joy of Tempo di marzo strides the narrative. The melancholic account of deserted, decadent villages is compared to extracts of Il fondo del sacco, written third years later by the Grison native Plinio Martini, which had embraced realism themes. Francesco Chiesa was the first and most \"Florentine\" of Italian speaking Swiss authors.

This paper explores gender differences in learning and presents findings from a qualitative study into the effectiveness of teaching methods as regards boys’ learning. The applied part of the paper uses site-specific data collected from a state primary school in northern Italy which suggests that the methods employed by teachers is teacher-centered rather than student-centered. The data collected through observation, interview and questionnaire was measured against criteria formulated from experts in the field of boys’ education and analyzed through both an historical and cultural lens. The historical and social factors reveal noteworthy parallels between the approach to pedagogy and Italian culture. The results of the analysis indicate that the Italian methods observed were at times effective while also deficient. This same approach which continues in the middle and high schools is less effective as the other factors in the school arrangement change. The paper concludes with reasons for modifying the teaching method from strictly content, teacher-centered to one which also taps into additional intelligences and takes a more student-centered approach in order to raise motivation and effectiveness of learning which will in turn raise international performance levels and give the Italian student a competitive edge in the international academic arena.

This dissertation provides a critical assessment of Laura Terracina (1519-c.1577) and her works. It argues that she was a consummate product of her age, embodying the tensions which ruled the Italian peninsula. Terracina published eight books and left a ninth in manuscript at the time of her death, winning legions of admirers and making her sixteenth-century Italy's most commercially successful female author. Yet in spite of her enormous popularity amongst her contemporaries, scholarship has largely neglected Terracina. This dissertation will open up an overdue field of enquiry into her life and works, exploring the significance of her role as a sixteenth-century female poet through the lenses of gender and class. By mapping her place in the literary landscape, it is hoped that this thesis will encourage scholars to afford Terracina the attention she so richly deserves. The first chapter of the dissertation situates Terracina as a poet of Naples, seeing her as a product of her family's political standing within the city, her academician status, and her own construction of an urban coterie of supporters. The second chapter considers the mechanics of the journey into print, assessing Terracina's own input and her close collaboration with male editors and publishers. It proposes a greater attribution of agency to Terracina than has thus far been made, arguing that she is, in fact, an important figure in the process of her texts reaching the hands of readers. The third chapter considers how the poet used her printed books as social tools, employing them to gain social and literary capital. The second section of the dissertation looks at two thematic strands within Terracina's poetry. Chapter four considers her political poetry, including her attitude towards the harm done to civilian populations across Europe. Chapter five looks at the religious dimension to Terracina's work, the spiritual poetry written in her later years, and the relationship this bears to her secular lyric. Finally, the dissertation concludes with a chapter on the contemporary reception of Terracina's texts, providing preliminary thoughts on how she was read, before closing with a consideration of her literary afterlife in the centuries that followed.

The Italianate Wordsworth is a study of William Wordsworth's enduring interest in Italian literature and culture -- an important aspect of his intellectual life and creativity to which no previous book has been devoted. Of all the first-generation Romantics, Wordsworth was the most influenced by Italian poetry and aesthetics. The roots of his passion for the Italian language stretch back to the earliest stages of his imaginative development and extend throughout his life. His voluminous reading of and recurrent engagement with Italian texts -- as translator and imitator -- began in the late 1780s, when he was under the tutelage of Agostino Isola at Cambridge University. Wordsworth translated works by Petrarch, the paradigmatic Italian sonneteer, in 1789-90; by Ludovico Ariosto, the master of epic romance, between 1789 and 1795, in 1802, and in 1815; by Pietro Metastasio, author of popular songs and melodramas, in 1802-1803; by Michelangelo Buonarroti, the artist, poet, and polymath, in 1804 and again in 1839-1840; and by Gabriello Chiabrera, the epitaphist, in 1809-10 and 1837. Wordsworth's immersion in Italian culture became complete in 1837 when, at the age of sixty-seven, he made an extended visit to Italy. During the four months of this sojourn he was able, after years of dedicated reading and translation of major Italian texts from the foundational Trecento to the pre-Romantic Enlightenment, to realize fully his connection with Italy. In the period that followed, he composed poems that addressed various aspects of Italian history, politics, and culture; and in the last collection of poetry he published in his lifetime, Poems, Chiefly of Early and Late Years (1842), he included a series of twenty-eight poetic reflections entitled "Memorials of a Tour in Italy." This dissertation sheds light not only on Wordsworth's debt to Italian culture but also on our inherited ideas about the English Romantic relationship to Italy. Given the emphasis traditionally placed on the Italianate leanings of the second-generation Romantics, the impact of Italian literature on the mind and writings of a first-generation poet like Wordsworth has been largely forgotten. Thus the "Italianate Wordsworth" comes as something of a surprise. Time and again, he expresses his veneration for the style and sensibility of Italian poets from Dante to Tasso, often going so far as to emulate their techniques and adopt their cadences in his original English verse. As a poet, scholar, translator, and traveler, he is receptive to all that Italian civilization provides.