The central argument of my study is that, among other matters, in his works, J.M. Coetzee could be said to demonstrate that the known Self is an embodied being and is not autonomous. With regard to the latter contention, Coetzee intimates that any two Subjects are implicated in each other’s subjectivities in a reciprocal process that involves what Derek Attridge has called “irruptions of otherness” (2005: xii) into the Subject’s subjectivity. These irruptions, which happen during the encounter, lead to a double loss of autonomy for each Subject and this phenomenon renders the relationship between Subjects non-dichotomus or non-binaric. In other words, the Subject does not produce the contents of his or her consciousness in a sui generis and ex nihilo fashion, and his or her ontological indebtedness to the Other constitutes his or her first loss of autonomy. As for those Others that do possess consciousness, the Subject is implicated in their consciousness and this constitutes the Subject’s second loss of autonomy. These losses counter the near solipsistic Nagelian neo-Cartesianism and paves the way for imagining both intra- and inter-species “intersubjectivity”. It is my view that this double loss of autonomy accounts for the sympathetic and empathetic imagination that we encounter in Coetzee’s fiction. Following Coetzee’s intimations of intersubjectivity through irruptions of otherness, what I see as my contribution to studies on this author’s work through this study is the link I have established between the physicalist strain within the philosophy of mind (whose central thesis is that consciousness is an embodied phenomenon) and a modified Kantian “metaphysics”, especially Immanuel Kant’s conception of concepts as comprising form and content. I have deployed this conception in demonstrating the Subject’s ontological indebtedness to external sources of the content part of consciousness. And, through the Husserlian concept of intentionality, and Kant’s (1929: 27) observation that we cannot have appearances without something that appears, I have linked the Subject to the sources of his or her content and thereby also demonstrated that the Subject is not eternally separated or alienated from those sources. Instead, the Subject is not simply contiguous but coterminous and co-extensive, albeit in a mediated way, with the external sources of the content part of his or her consciousness. Thus, while accepting the thesis of the Other’s radical otherness, I modify the thesis of the Other’s radical exteriority. Ultimately, then, ontologically speaking, the Coetzeean project could be described as one of embodying and grounding the supposedly autonomous, solipsistic and freefloating/disembodied Cartesian Subject. This he does by alerting this Subject, first and foremost, to its embodiedness and, further to that, pointing out its ontological indebtedness to its Others and its implication in the Others’s consciousnesses and so prevent it from continuing with its imperialistic and ecological barbarities. However, ethically speaking, beyond the reciprocal ethics that arises from mutual ontological indebtedness and implication, it is the selflessness that characterises a cruciform logic that comes across as the epitome of Coetzeean ethics.

M.A. (English) / In the following dissertation, the literary representation of the farm in Schreiner's The Story of an African Farm (18%3), Smith's The Beadle (1926), and Coetzee's In the Heart of the Country (1976) will be examined under two main categories. The first is the treatment of the farm landscape, or the specifically '* South African version of the pastoral myth. The second, and interrelated category, is the stereotypic vision that originated around the inhabitants of the South African farm. In both categories the focus will fallon the stereotypes of both land and inhabitants that existed at the time that Schreiner and Smith wrote, and the ways in which these stereotypes were used, modified, or expanded by these two authors. In the final chapter I shall examine Coetzee' s ironic use of these stereotypes, especially those that were created around the farm landscape during the nineteenth century.

This thesis is a response to a lacuna in musicology, namely the near absence of postcolonial and decolonial epistemologies. Employing both diachronic and synchronic perspectives, it provides a historical overview of the institutional positioning of musicology as an academic discipline founded on structures of expectation and exploitation indebted to Western imperialism. This longer historical view is accompanied throughout by an examination of ethics in its institutionalised forms, specifically in the domains of knowledge production and the university. The thesis maintains that while such ostensibly ethical underpinnings may promise redress on the basis of the violence inflicted by an imperialist past, the discourse employed in its application in fact serves to strengthen the ideological hold of Western hegemony and, in so doing, betrays the promise of reparation that ethics is ordinarily understood to encompass. The thesis examines different aesthetic and epistemological manifestations of the postcolonial, considering at length Steve Reich's string quartet, Different Trains (1988), Philip Glass's opera, Waiting for the Barbarians (2005), and Philip Miller's choral work, REwind: A Cantata for Voice, Tape and Testimony (2006). Both content and style weave these works together as they engage, by means of a post-minimalist aesthetic, stream-of-violence narratives intimately bound up with the postcolonial condition. Of particular importance in the consideration of these musical texts is the urgent necessity for epistemological transformation, marked in musicology as the lack of post- and decolonial perspectives. Finally, the thesis grapples with the (im)possibility of complicit scholarship that must, through its very expression, wound its subject.

Diploma thesis Transformation of the National Front under the leadership of M. Le Pen discusses the influence of the new chairwoman on political party. Thesis deals with the far-right National Front in context of both political and partial systems of the Fifth republic in the background of historical development of far-right parties. Work aims to uphold the hypothesis that in the life of political parties play an important role its leader, who influences the transformation of the political party and to map the current activities of M. Le Pen, who replaced her father, J.-M. Le Pen, after nearly four decades at the leader post. Replacing the leader represented a significant step in history of party as it was for a long time strongly personified with the person of J.-M. Le Pen, who managed to lead the party, despite its internal diversity. New chairwoman, who, unlike her father has no emphasis on the memories of the past, which was the World War II, the Vichy Regime and French Algeria, tries to modernize the party for a new generation of voters. With the entry of M. Le Pen at the head of the National Front there were tendencies to interpret the change of leader as a beginning of the new era of the new type of political party what was supported by the rhetoric of the new President. The work is...

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"Thèse en cotutelle." / La richesse de la théologie de J.-M. Tillard appelle plusieurs lectures. On y accède soit à partir d’un concept clé, soit à partir d’une perspective théologique particulière qui en serait le noyau principal. Ainsi, la porte d’entrée est tantôt le concept de communion, l’eucharistie, l’œcuménisme, etc. C’est dans ce contexte qu’est né notre questionnement : n’y aurait-il pas une autre entrée dans la théologie de J.-M. Tillard ? Cette question se concentre sur son ecclésiologie qui est le domaine propre de notre recherche doctorale. Comment comprendre l’ecclésiologie de J.-M. Tillard ? Ainsi, ce travail postule le passage de la christologie à l’ecclésiologie par la sotériologie. Ces trois disciplines sont donc interreliées dans l’ecclésiologie tillardienne. Ce lien est abondamment abordé dans l’enseignement de Tillard plus que dans ses monographies. C’est ainsi que son enseignement reste un moyen primordial pour la compréhension de son ecclésiologie. Cette recherche se structure en six chapitres. Après la présentation de notre source principale (les cours) qui est méconnue par plusieurs théologiens, notre travail présente l’interrelation dynamique entre la christologie, la sotériologie et l’ecclésiologie, dans la théologie de Tillard. Émerge alors la question du caractère instrumental de l’Église en regard du salut acquis par le Christ et apprécié diversement par les Églises chrétiennes, en particulier par la théologie luthérienne. C’est la compréhension de la notion de sacrement pour parler de l’Église adopté par Vatican II et reçu dans la théologie postconciliaire qui fait débat. Nous avons examiné en particulier la controverse entre le catholique Tillard et le luthérien Birmelé. Mots clés : Christologie, communion, ecclésiologie, eucharistie, sacramentalité, salut, sotériologie, J.-M. Tillard / The richness of the theology of J.-M. Tillard called several readings. You can access either from a key concept from a particular theological perspective that would be the core. Thus, the entry door is sometimes the concept of communion, the Eucharist, ecumenism, etc. It is in this context that is born our questioning: Would there not be another entry in the theology of J.-M. Tillard? This issue focuses on his Ecclesiology which is the own field of our doctoral research. How to understand the Ecclesiology of J.-M. Tillard? Thus, this work postulates the passage of Christology in Ecclesiology by Soteriology. These three disciplines are therefore linked in the tillardienne ecclesiology. This link is extensively discussed in the teaching of Tillard more than in its monographs. It is as well that his teaching remains a vital means for the understanding of its ecclesiology. This research is structured in six chapters. After the presentation of our main source (school) which is unknown by many theologians, our present work the dynamic interrelationship between Christology, Soteriology and Ecclesiology in the theology of Tillard. So emerges the question of the instrumental nature of the church next to the salvation by Christ and appreciated variously by the Christian churches, particularly by Lutheran theology. It is the understanding of the notion of sacrament to talk about the church adopted by Vatican II and received in the post-Conciliar theology that has been debated. We examined in particular the controversy between the Tillard Catholic and Lutheran Birmelé. Key words: Christology, communion, Ecclesiology, Eucharist, sacramental nature, Salvation, Soteriology, J.-M. Tillard.

Este trabalho visa estudar a representação da infância e da criança em romances europeus escritos entre 1850 e a primeira década do século XX. O corpus analisado compõe-se de três obras que se inserem na chamada literatura infantojuvenil. A primeira intitula-se Sans famille, escrita pelo francês Hector Malot e publicada em 1878. A segunda, de autoria do italiano Carlo Collodi, é o clássico As aventuras de Pinóquio, publicado entre 1881 e 1883. E, finalmente, a terceira obra, Peter e Wendy, foi escrita por J. M. Barrie e publicada em 1911. A pesquisa leva em conta alguns fatores decisivos para o desenvolvimento da literatura infantojuvenil europeia. Um deles é a percepção de que a infância constitui, de fato, uma fase de desenvolvimento marcadamente distinta da adulta. O mercado editorial, atento às percepções de sua época, passa a produzir uma quantidade de obras destinadas ao público jovem, algo até então sem precedente. Tais obras se diferenciam das antecessoras em especial pela linguagem e pelos temas de interesse específico deste público. Além disso, a própria literatura irá incorporar em sua narrativa a criança e o jovem como protagonistas, reforçando ainda mais o contato com esse novo público leitor. Sob a inspiração dos ensaios de Erich Auerbach em sua obra Mimesis, também neste trabalho foram selecionadas três obras de culturas diferentes e que pudessem trazer informações sobre a representação ficcional da infância. A narrativa francesa Sans famille, imbuída dos movimentos sociais do século XIX, traça um retrato da criança abandonada (enfant trouvé), estigmatizada desde seu nascimento, um fenômeno presente em toda a Europa. Em As aventuras de Pinóquio, o tema é outro: em uma Itália recém-unificada pela força, o romance de Pinóquio problematiza a questão educacional, que será a bandeira do novo governo. Por fim, Peter e Wendy representa crianças autônomas representando a crise de valores entre as expectativas dos adultos e os desejos das crianças e, assim, acena para a moderna literatura do século XX. Esta tese defende que tais obras são capitais para o surgimento de uma nova narrativa destinada ao público infantojuvenil e que seus protagonistas iniciaram uma nova representação de personagem criança na literatura, especialmente Pinóquio e Peter Pan. Ao final, o leitor encontra uma entrevista com o pesquisador inglês Peter Hunt, realizada exclusivamente para este trabalho. / This work aims to study the representation of childhood and child in European novels written between 1850 and the first decade of the twentieth century. The corpus analyzed is composed of three works that belong to the so-called children\'s literature. The first is entitled Sans famille, written by the Frenchman Hector Malot and published in 1878. The second, by the Italian Carlo Collodi, is the classic The Adventures of Pinocchio, published between 1881 and 1883. And finally, the third work, Peter and Wendy, was written by J.M. Barrie and published in 1911. The research takes into account some decisive factors for the development of European children\'s literature. One is the perception that childhood is, in fact, a phase of development markedly different from that of adulthood. The publishing market, attentive to the perceptions of its time, begins to produce a quantity of works destined to the young public, something hitherto unprecedented. Such works differ from the predecessors, especially in the language and themes of specific interest of this public. In addition, the literature itself will incorporate the child and the young person as protagonists in their narrative, reinforcing even more the contact with this new readership. Under the inspiration of Erich Auerbach\'s essays in his work Mimesis, in this work three books of different cultures were also selected bringing information about the fictional representation of childhood. The French narrative Sans famille, imbued with the social movements of the nineteenth century, traces a portrait of the abandoned child (\"enfant trouvé\"), stigmatized since its birth, a phenomenon present throughout Europe. In The Adventures of Pinocchio, the theme is different: in a newly unified Italy by force, the novel problematizes the educational system, which will be the banner of the new government. Finally, Peter and Wendy depicting autonomous children representing the crisis of values between the expectations of the adults and the desires of the children and, thus, nods to the modern literature of the twentieth century. This thesis argues that such works are important for the emergence of a new narrative aimed at children and young people and that their protagonists started a new representation of child character in literature, especially Pinocchio and Peter Pan. At the end, the reader finds an interview with the English researcher Peter Hunt, made exclusively for this work.

Este trabalho visa estudar a representação da infância e da criança em romances europeus escritos entre 1850 e a primeira década do século XX. O corpus analisado compõe-se de três obras que se inserem na chamada literatura infantojuvenil. A primeira intitula-se Sans famille, escrita pelo francês Hector Malot e publicada em 1878. A segunda, de autoria do italiano Carlo Collodi, é o clássico As aventuras de Pinóquio, publicado entre 1881 e 1883. E, finalmente, a terceira obra, Peter e Wendy, foi escrita por J. M. Barrie e publicada em 1911. A pesquisa leva em conta alguns fatores decisivos para o desenvolvimento da literatura infantojuvenil europeia. Um deles é a percepção de que a infância constitui, de fato, uma fase de desenvolvimento marcadamente distinta da adulta. O mercado editorial, atento às percepções de sua época, passa a produzir uma quantidade de obras destinadas ao público jovem, algo até então sem precedente. Tais obras se diferenciam das antecessoras em especial pela linguagem e pelos temas de interesse específico deste público. Além disso, a própria literatura irá incorporar em sua narrativa a criança e o jovem como protagonistas, reforçando ainda mais o contato com esse novo público leitor. Sob a inspiração dos ensaios de Erich Auerbach em sua obra Mimesis, também neste trabalho foram selecionadas três obras de culturas diferentes e que pudessem trazer informações sobre a representação ficcional da infância. A narrativa francesa Sans famille, imbuída dos movimentos sociais do século XIX, traça um retrato da criança abandonada (enfant trouvé), estigmatizada desde seu nascimento, um fenômeno presente em toda a Europa. Em As aventuras de Pinóquio, o tema é outro: em uma Itália recém-unificada pela força, o romance de Pinóquio problematiza a questão educacional, que será a bandeira do novo governo. Por fim, Peter e Wendy representa crianças autônomas representando a crise de valores entre as expectativas dos adultos e os desejos das crianças e, assim, acena para a moderna literatura do século XX. Esta tese defende que tais obras são capitais para o surgimento de uma nova narrativa destinada ao público infantojuvenil e que seus protagonistas iniciaram uma nova representação de personagem criança na literatura, especialmente Pinóquio e Peter Pan. Ao final, o leitor encontra uma entrevista com o pesquisador inglês Peter Hunt, realizada exclusivamente para este trabalho. / This work aims to study the representation of childhood and child in European novels written between 1850 and the first decade of the twentieth century. The corpus analyzed is composed of three works that belong to the so-called children\'s literature. The first is entitled Sans famille, written by the Frenchman Hector Malot and published in 1878. The second, by the Italian Carlo Collodi, is the classic The Adventures of Pinocchio, published between 1881 and 1883. And finally, the third work, Peter and Wendy, was written by J.M. Barrie and published in 1911. The research takes into account some decisive factors for the development of European children\'s literature. One is the perception that childhood is, in fact, a phase of development markedly different from that of adulthood. The publishing market, attentive to the perceptions of its time, begins to produce a quantity of works destined to the young public, something hitherto unprecedented. Such works differ from the predecessors, especially in the language and themes of specific interest of this public. In addition, the literature itself will incorporate the child and the young person as protagonists in their narrative, reinforcing even more the contact with this new readership. Under the inspiration of Erich Auerbach\'s essays in his work Mimesis, in this work three books of different cultures were also selected bringing information about the fictional representation of childhood. The French narrative Sans famille, imbued with the social movements of the nineteenth century, traces a portrait of the abandoned child (\"enfant trouvé\"), stigmatized since its birth, a phenomenon present throughout Europe. In The Adventures of Pinocchio, the theme is different: in a newly unified Italy by force, the novel problematizes the educational system, which will be the banner of the new government. Finally, Peter and Wendy depicting autonomous children representing the crisis of values between the expectations of the adults and the desires of the children and, thus, nods to the modern literature of the twentieth century. This thesis argues that such works are important for the emergence of a new narrative aimed at children and young people and that their protagonists started a new representation of child character in literature, especially Pinocchio and Peter Pan. At the end, the reader finds an interview with the English researcher Peter Hunt, made exclusively for this work.