<p>Abstract</p><p>Are we always aware of our actions and the affect they have on our environment? With this study we are exploring a phenomenon, called Jantelagen, which have affected the Swedish society for a long time. It is a phenomenon that where brought to life officially in the 1930‘s by an author called Aksel Sandemose. We want to know if Jantelagen still exist in the society or if it has faded to the degree that it is no longer in use. We also want to explore if it has any control over individuals in today’s society. </p><p>The empirical material is based on semi-structured interviews and an opinion poll. The population that we have selected for the opinion poll is students, and based on that result we chose teachers to be our respondents for the qualitative method. To help us analyse the empirical material we have used social theories among others: established and outsiders by Norbert Elias, social control by Arne Sjölund and Lorenz Lyttkens, respectability by Skeggs, creating identity by Anthony Giddens, panopticon by Michel Foucault and habitus and the different capitals by Bourdieu. The conclusion of the study is that many people have heard about it, used it and have been exposed to Jantelagen. But based on the opinion poll, there are also people that do not recognise Jantelagen as a concept. We conclude that Jantelagen still exist in the society and that it has some form of control over us.</p>

Abstract Are we always aware of our actions and the affect they have on our environment? With this study we are exploring a phenomenon, called Jantelagen, which have affected the Swedish society for a long time. It is a phenomenon that where brought to life officially in the 1930‘s by an author called Aksel Sandemose. We want to know if Jantelagen still exist in the society or if it has faded to the degree that it is no longer in use. We also want to explore if it has any control over individuals in today’s society. The empirical material is based on semi-structured interviews and an opinion poll. The population that we have selected for the opinion poll is students, and based on that result we chose teachers to be our respondents for the qualitative method. To help us analyse the empirical material we have used social theories among others: established and outsiders by Norbert Elias, social control by Arne Sjölund and Lorenz Lyttkens, respectability by Skeggs, creating identity by Anthony Giddens, panopticon by Michel Foucault and habitus and the different capitals by Bourdieu. The conclusion of the study is that many people have heard about it, used it and have been exposed to Jantelagen. But based on the opinion poll, there are also people that do not recognise Jantelagen as a concept. We conclude that Jantelagen still exist in the society and that it has some form of control over us.

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The main purpose of our study was to gain a deeper understanding of how culture influences the interpretation of ethical leadership by both leaders and followers in Zambia and Sweden. The study was conducted using an interpretative narrative inquiry with a small sample of ten participants (i.e. leaders and followers) selected using a purposive sampling method. The participants were drawn from six small and medium local authorities in Sweden (three medium size Kommuns) and Zambia (Two municipalities and one District Council). The empirical data was collected using semi-structured interview guides with interview sessions lasting 45 minutes on average. The data collected was transcribed and analyzed using narrative and thematic analysis. Based on this analysis, we came up with four main themes regarding the interpretation of ethical leadership by leaders and followers, and these are: Morality, Law, Humanity and Nature which constitute our Culture-Ethical Leadership interpretation model.   The empirical narratives demonstrated some similarities in the interpretation of ethical leadership between leaders and followers in Sweden and Zambia. The leaders and followers from both countries affiliated ethical leadership to morality, humanity, adherence to the law, and, caring and protecting nature. Our research also led us to conclude that there is a degree of variance in the interpretation of ethical leadership which relates to the differences in the cultural contexts. In Zambia, leaders and followers show high inclination to the law as being ethical which is reflected in Bello (2012)’s statement that failure to follow rules and regulations is a manifestation of unethical leadership while in Sweden, leaders and followers are inclined to high morality and humanity influenced by high levels of trust as narrated by our participants from Sweden. / <p>Alumbwe leza!</p>

This study presents the problems in society regarding norms, stigmatization, different kinds ofcitizenship, and polarization in relation to politics and democracy. By analyzing these phenomenain regards to young people and their views on contemporary society, there are problems that areprevalent. However, these phenomena are related to each other, and for example, some norms couldlead to stigmatization and vice versa, which is discussed in this study. The study is set to interviewmultiple young adults, spanning from 18-22 years old, in order to analyze their views on thesetopics. In order to conclude whether or not young adults are really prepared to be a democraticcitizen? Are they able to tackle these problems that arise whenever one has to decide on theirfuture? Or are they influenced by their background and family, making them choose something thatthey feel comfortable with rather than something they want? The Swedish ‘Jantelagen’ or The lawof Jante is also prevalent throughout multiple interviews, which is seen as a solid example of alimiting social norm, which does create a more, maybe too, solid structure in our society and affectsthe people regarding their politics, their democratic engagement, and their life choices. The studyalso wants to examine how the education regarding these subjects are handled, and how it could beimproved to lessen the problems that follow.

This thesis considers the individual drivers of migration in modern Swedish emigration and the subsequent decision to remain in the host country. The study draws on primary data from 14 semi-structured digital interviews with Swedes who have emigrated and permanently settled down in different locations in the United States. Through the push- and pull framework, individual cases have been considered whilst also comparing the findings with previously identified drivers in migration research. The sociological findings of this study present the collectivist Swedish norm Jantelagen (‘The Law of Jante’) as a prospective push-factor in both the decision to emigrate and to permanently settle down in the U.S. Subsequently, certain discrepancy exists on the macro level of Swedish society as both radically individualistic with collectivistic norms expecting individual conformity. The result implies that emigration is an option to break free from normative restrictions for certain individuals. Relatedly, the perception of a negative political development, restricted freedom of opinion, and self-censoring political correctness are explicit push-factors for some Swedes to emigrate and/or reside permanently. Furthermore, higher levels of stimulation in education and work, easy access to the job and housing market in the U.S. could be linked to the migration driver subjective well-being/happiness. Network often influenced the emigration and led to perceived lifestyle improvement. Moreover, the initial push and pull factors proved to be inconstant as motives and circumstances in the migration process changed e.g. in case of separation from a partner.