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In evolutionary psychology, the concept of jealousy is explained as the result of selection pressures causing individuals to develop certain mental tendencies in order to maximize their own viability and reproduction ability. Romantic jealousy is one of such tendencies; for men ensuring their fatherhood certainty, for women the maintenance of their partner's resources. Results of previous studies using the evolutionary approach pointed out that there are specific gender differences in the perception of jealousy; men generally show more anxiety associated with sexual infidelity, women, on the other hand, with emotional infidelity. Studies dealing with jealousy between homosexual individuals show that gay men tend to express more anxiety regarding emotional infidelity (similar to heterosexual women) while homosexual women express more concerns regarding sexual infidelity (similar to heterosexual men). These studies suggest that the type of jealousy (emotional / sexual) depends on the sex of the respondent's partner and not on the sex of the individual in question. The aim of this proposed study was to examine the experience of jealousy, its perception and attitudes to it from the perspective of heterosexual, homosexual and bisexual men and women and further explore whether it will be different sexual...

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:16:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2444653 bytes, checksum: 4ffb7187848d533921aa2e6d844abb2a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The main goal of this dissertation was to know in what extent the values, love and jealous explain the attitudes toward polyamory. It also aimed at developing a measure of self-report (explicit), Attitudes toward Polyamory Scale (ATPS) and an implicit measure (IAT-Monogamy/Polyamory) measure in order to evaluate such attitudes. Thus, it was conducted four empirical studies. Study 1 corresponded to the elaboration of the Attitudes toward Polyamory Scale (ATPS). Participants were 207 students from two private universities of João Pessoa (PB), with ages ranging from 18 to 50 (m = 25.7, sd = 7.19), most being male (56%). They answered a questionnaire divided in two parts. The first part had seven open questions, and the second, socio demographic questions. Participants answers were evaluated by automatic content analysis (ALCESTE). Two different classes were listed. In short, they revealed a comprehension of the problematic surrounding the polyamory dynamics as a romantic relationship. Study 2 presented the psychometric parameters of the proposed measure (ATPS). Participants were 261 undergraduate students from João Pessoa (PB), with ages ranging from 18 to 63 years (m = 30.1; sd = 9.80), most being female (57,5 %). The ATPS presented two components with internal consistency (Cronbach s alph) of .86 and .78, respectively. Reading the items content has allowed to define them as polyamory as a possibility of relationship and feelings regarding the polyamory . Study 3 describes how human values, the dimensions of polyamory and the factors of jealous explain attitudes toward polyamory; and, moreover, it aimed to test the two dimensional model of the ATPS. Participants of this study were 242 undergraduate students from the state of Piauí, with mean age of 23 years (sd = 5.28, amplitude of 18 to 50), most being female (64.2%). It was evident that the affective dimension, especially jealousy, had greater predictive power on explaining these attitudes; and that polyamory as a possibility of relationship was less conventional to people who engage socially accepted norms regarding romantic relationships, such as those guided by normative values. Results also confirmed the two factor structure of the ATPS. Finally, Study 4 sought to construct an implicit measure in order to evaluate attitudes toward polyamory, and analyze the relation between implicit and explicit measures of this construct. Two versions of the IAT-Monogamy/Polyamory were used. The pencil and paper version counted with the participation of 170 students from a public university from Piauí (PI), with mean age of 22 years (sd = 5.15), most being female (70%). In the computerized version, participants were 100 students from a public university of Piauí-PI, with mean age of 22 years (sd = 2.93). There were significant correlations between implicit and explicit measures, indicating that when people had favorable explicit attitudes toward polyamory, respectively, they expressed favorable implicit attitudes toward this form of relationship. However, for students, monogamy and polyamory were not presented on opposite sides, suggesting that people favorable to monogamy are not necessarily opposed to polyamory. / O objetivo desta tese foi conhecer em que medida os valores, o amor e o ciúme explicam a atitude das pessoas diante do poliamor. Também, buscou-se elaborar uma medida de autorrelato (explícita), Escala de Atitudes Frente ao Poliamor (EAFP) e uma medida implícita (TAI-Monogamia/Poliamor) com o intuito de mensurar tais atitudes. Para tanto, foram realizados quatro estudos empíricos. O Estudo 1 diz respeito à elaboração da Escala de Atitudes Frente ao Poliamor (EAFP). Participaram 207 estudantes de duas universidades particular da cidade de João Pessoa PB, com idades variando de 18 a 50 anos (m = 25,7 e dp = 7,19), sendo em sua maioria do sexo masculino (56%). Eles responderam a um questionário que se encontrava dividido em duas partes. A primeira parte possuía sete perguntas abertas, e a segunda parte, perguntas de natureza sócio-demográficas. As respostas dos participantes foram avaliadas por meio da análise de conteúdo automática (ALCESTE). Foram elencadas duas classes distintas. Em síntese, eles revelaram a compreensão da problemática em torno da dinâmica do poliamor enquanto relacionamento amoroso. O Estudo 2 apresenta os parâmetros psicométricos da medida proposta (EAFP). Participaram 261 estudantes universitários da cidade de João Pessoa - PB, com idades variando de 18 a 63 anos (m = 30,1, dp = 9,80), sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (57,5 %). A EAFP apresentou dois componentes com consistência interna (alfa de Cronbach) de 0,86 e 0,78 respectivamente. A leitura do conteúdo dos seus itens permitiu defini-los como poliamor como possibilidade de relacionamento e sentimento em relação à prática do poliamor . O Estudo 3 descreve como as variáveis valores humanos, as dimensões do amor e os fatores do ciúme explicam as atitudes frente ao poliamor; e, ainda, pretendeu-se testar o modelo bidimensional da EAFP. Participaram desta pesquisa 242 estudantes universitários do estado do Piauí, com idade média de 23 anos (dp = 5,28 amplitude de 18 a 50 anos), sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (64,2%). Evidenciou-se que a dimensão afetiva, em especial o ciúme, pareceu possuir maior poder preditivo de explicação destas atitudes; e que o poliamor enquanto relacionamento amoroso mostrou-se ainda menos convencional para as pessoas que aderem às normas socialmente aceitas para as relações amorosas, a exemplo daqueles que se pautam por valores normativos. Os resultados também confirmaram a estrutura bifatorial da EAFP. Por fim, o Estudo 4 tratou de construir uma medida implícita com o intuito de mensurar atitudes frente ao poliamor, e analisar as relações entre as medidas implícita e explícita acerca deste construto. Foram utilizadas as duas versões do TAI-Monogamia/Poliamor. A versão lápis e papel, contou com a participação de 170 estudantes de uma Universidade Pública do Piauí-PI, com idade média de 22 anos (dp = 5,15), sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (70,0%). Na versão computadorizada, participaram 100 estudantes de uma universidade pública do Piauí- PI, com idade média de 22 anos (dp = 2,93). Verificaram-se correlações significativas entre as medidas implícita e explícita, indicando que quando as pessoas apresentavam atitudes explicitas favoráveis ao poliamor respectivamente elas manifestavam atitudes implícitas favoráveis a esta forma de relacionamento. Entretanto, para os estudantes monogamia e poliamor não se apresentaram em lados opostos, sugerindo que as pessoas favoráveis à monogamia necessariamente não se mostraram contrárias ao poliamor.

Clark (2008) analyzed the role of provocation on dating partners’ level of aggression and found they were more aggressive in jealousy-provoking situations. Using the couple-level dataset collected by Clark, we examine the relationship of gender and setting on provoked interpersonal violence, and compare the accuracy of several analytical approaches on interpreting dyadic data. Results indicate some findings from Clark are extremely robust. For instance, consistent with previous findings, the significant role of provocation on aggression in a dating context is further supported in the current study (Bettencourt & Miller, 1996; Jacquin et al., 2006). Clark suggested gender symmetry in levels of aggression. However, results show a significant effect of gender, in that females were more passive aggressive than males. One implication of this study is that when analyzing dyadic data, a multi-level modeling (MLM) approach best represents the relationship between the outcome and predictors when compared to other analytical approaches.

No description available.

Η Μοιχαλίς ή Μοιχεύτρια αποτελεί ένα από τα δεκαέξι παπυρικά αποσπάσματα ανώνυμων λαϊκών Μίμων που σώζονται από την ύστερη αρχαιότητα. Η σύνθεσή της χρονολογείται στον 2ο αι. μ.Χ. και θεωρείται σύγχρονη με την γραφή του παπύρου (P. Oxy. 413verso). Πρόκειται για κείμενο πεζό, γραμμένο στην ελληνιστική κοινή. Σκοπός της εργασίας είναι να αναδείξει τις λογοτεχνικές αξιώσεις που εγείρει ο υπό πραγμάτευση Μίμος είτε μέσω της ανάδειξης των γλωσσικών και δομικών αρετών του είτε μέσω της επισήμανσης των σχέσεων του, θεματολογικών κυρίως αλλά και γλωσσικών, με λογοτεχνικά κείμενα, ιδίως δε με την Ζηλότυπο του Ηρώδα. Περιέχεται εισαγωγή, κείμενο με κριτικό υπόμνημα, μετάφραση και ερμηνευτικό υπόμνημα. / Moicheutria (Adulteress) or Giftmischermimus is one of the sixteen papyrus fragments of anonymous ‘non-literary’ Mimes dating from late antiquity. Composition of Moicheutria is held to be contemporary with the manuscript (P. Oxy. 413verso) dating from second century A.D. The piece is written in prose and in hellenistic κοινή. In this work emphasis is laid on the literary claims of Moicheutria by pointing out either its lingual and structural merits or the analogies, thematic as well as lingual, it bears with literary texts, especially with the Fifth Mimiamb of Herodas (The Jealous Woman). Contents: Introduction, text with critical apparatus, translation in Greek and commentary.

O presente trabalho se propõe a compreender a variabilidade cultural humana em relação à organização da família por meio das teorias darwinianas da seleção natural e da seleção sexual, e se encontra baseado em evidências vindas da comparação de dados etnográficos. Pretende-se demonstrar que existe uma alteração marcante no comportamento de todos os envolvidos nas relações familiares quando mudam as regras de herança. Essas alterações assim ocorrem porque as regras de herança direcionam o Investimento Parental Masculino (MPI), ora ao sobrinho, ora ao filho. A hipótese apresentada é a de que a variação do MPI modifica de maneira compreensível e previsível as relações familiares em organizações matrilineares e patrilineares. A prova da hipótese será feita por meio da aplicação do método intercultural com pesquisa etnográfica nos bancos de dados do HRAF, e utilizando-se da amostra PSF. Os resultados do presente trabalho indicarão que em sociedades em que o tio tem uma relação afetuosa com seu sobrinho, o marido espanca a mulher; e quando o pai se relaciona de maneira indulgente e amigável com seu filho, irmãos e irmãs se evitam, alinhando esses fatos de maneira que possam ser coerentemente entendidos com a teoria sociobiológica. A riqueza cultural, o sem número de costumes, as tradições, os tabus, as normas explícitas ou ocultas, os aparatos de coerção de toda sorte, as regras sobre herança, casamento, dote, preço da noiva, divisão de trabalho, enfim, todas as regras observadas em todos os agrupamentos humanos podem ser explicadas à luz das seguintes teorias: a) da “seleção de consangüíneos" (Hamilton, 1963), b) do “altruísmo recíproco" (Trivers, 1971), c) do “investimento parental e seleção sexual" (Trivers, 1972), e d) do “conflito entre prole e parentais" (Trivers, 1974). / The present work proposes to account for cultural variability in connection to human family organization, through Darwin’s theories of natural selection and sexual selection. It is also founded on evidence based on the comparison of ethnographic data of diverse human societies. It intends to demonstrate that there is a significant alteration in the behavior of family members when the rules of inheritance of wealth change. These alterations are triggered because the rules of inheritance dictate the MPI – Male Parental Investment – sometimes in the nephew and sometimes in the son. The hypothesis is that this variation in MPI (male investment in either the nephew or the son) modifies family relations in matrilineal and patrilineal organizations in a predictable manner. The role played by MPI in determining family tensions will be shown by applying cross cultural analysis to the data obtained from HRAF (Human Relations Area Files), using PSF (Probability Sample Files). The results of the present work show that societies in which the uncle’s relation with his nephew is affectionate, the husband beats the wife; on the other hand, when the father’s relation with his son is indulgent and friendly, brother and sister avoid each other. This variability of behavior can be coherently explained by sociobiological theory. Cultural wealth: the innumerable customs, the traditions, the taboos, the manifest and hidden norms, the apparatus of coercion, the rules of inheritance, marriage, dowry, bride price, the division of labor, in short, all the rules observed in all human groups can be explained in the light of the following theories: a) ‘kinship selection’ (Hamilton, 1963); b) ‘reciprocal altruism’ (Trivers, 1971; Axelrod, 1981); c) ‘parental investment and sexual selection’ (Trivers, 1972); and d) ‘parentoffspring conflict’ (Trivers, 1974).

O presente trabalho se propõe a compreender a variabilidade cultural humana em relação à organização da família por meio das teorias darwinianas da seleção natural e da seleção sexual, e se encontra baseado em evidências vindas da comparação de dados etnográficos. Pretende-se demonstrar que existe uma alteração marcante no comportamento de todos os envolvidos nas relações familiares quando mudam as regras de herança. Essas alterações assim ocorrem porque as regras de herança direcionam o Investimento Parental Masculino (MPI), ora ao sobrinho, ora ao filho. A hipótese apresentada é a de que a variação do MPI modifica de maneira compreensível e previsível as relações familiares em organizações matrilineares e patrilineares. A prova da hipótese será feita por meio da aplicação do método intercultural com pesquisa etnográfica nos bancos de dados do HRAF, e utilizando-se da amostra PSF. Os resultados do presente trabalho indicarão que em sociedades em que o tio tem uma relação afetuosa com seu sobrinho, o marido espanca a mulher; e quando o pai se relaciona de maneira indulgente e amigável com seu filho, irmãos e irmãs se evitam, alinhando esses fatos de maneira que possam ser coerentemente entendidos com a teoria sociobiológica. A riqueza cultural, o sem número de costumes, as tradições, os tabus, as normas explícitas ou ocultas, os aparatos de coerção de toda sorte, as regras sobre herança, casamento, dote, preço da noiva, divisão de trabalho, enfim, todas as regras observadas em todos os agrupamentos humanos podem ser explicadas à luz das seguintes teorias: a) da “seleção de consangüíneos” (Hamilton, 1963), b) do “altruísmo recíproco” (Trivers, 1971), c) do “investimento parental e seleção sexual” (Trivers, 1972), e d) do “conflito entre prole e parentais” (Trivers, 1974). / The present work proposes to account for cultural variability in connection to human family organization, through Darwin’s theories of natural selection and sexual selection. It is also founded on evidence based on the comparison of ethnographic data of diverse human societies. It intends to demonstrate that there is a significant alteration in the behavior of family members when the rules of inheritance of wealth change. These alterations are triggered because the rules of inheritance dictate the MPI – Male Parental Investment – sometimes in the nephew and sometimes in the son. The hypothesis is that this variation in MPI (male investment in either the nephew or the son) modifies family relations in matrilineal and patrilineal organizations in a predictable manner. The role played by MPI in determining family tensions will be shown by applying cross cultural analysis to the data obtained from HRAF (Human Relations Area Files), using PSF (Probability Sample Files). The results of the present work show that societies in which the uncle’s relation with his nephew is affectionate, the husband beats the wife; on the other hand, when the father’s relation with his son is indulgent and friendly, brother and sister avoid each other. This variability of behavior can be coherently explained by sociobiological theory. Cultural wealth: the innumerable customs, the traditions, the taboos, the manifest and hidden norms, the apparatus of coercion, the rules of inheritance, marriage, dowry, bride price, the division of labor, in short, all the rules observed in all human groups can be explained in the light of the following theories: a) ‘kinship selection’ (Hamilton, 1963); b) ‘reciprocal altruism’ (Trivers, 1971; Axelrod, 1981); c) ‘parental investment and sexual selection’ (Trivers, 1972); and d) ‘parentoffspring conflict’ (Trivers, 1974).