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Las veladas literarias que organizó Juana Manuela Gorriti en 1876 y 1877 significó un espacio de difusión y discusión, entre hombres y mujeres de letras, acerca del devenir nacional, la situación de la mujer y su función dentro de este, y el cuestionamiento de su educación para potenciar o limitar el cumplimiento de los mandatos de madre y patriota en el progreso de la república. Las mujeres ilustradas disertaron abiertamente sobre dichas cuestiones, aunque, claro está, de forma solapada, pues podrían ser tildadas como ridículas o pedantes. Al respecto, sin perder de vista los trabajos sistemáticos previos acerca de la posición de la mujer frente a los discursos liberales o modernos que se desarrollaron en Argentina y Perú (como los realizados por Cristina Iglesia, Lea Fletcher, en calidad de editoras, y Francine Masiello para el país argentino, y por Francesca Denegri para el caso peruano), la presente tesis tiene como finalidad demostrar que la novela Peregrinaciones de una alma triste (sic) de Juana Manuela Gorriti se separa de las ficciones fundacionales que buscaban construir un proyecto nacional homogéneo y socava las formas decimonónicas de concebirlo, pues en ella se cuestiona los mandatos sociales que exige dicho proyecto e indaga su imposibilidad en los sujetos y espacios marginales. Por ello, la novela esboza una respuesta solapada a los dictámenes que la élite criolla demandaba a la mujer (cuidado de la familia y formadora de los hijos en ciudadanos) y un cuestionamiento a los discursos que intentaban menguar su desarrollo social y ciudadano. / Tesis

Considering that during the Baroque there was arguably nothing more enigmatic than the emblematic tradition, this thesis discusses how emblems played a role in the configuration of subjectivities in New Spain and, more precisely, in their production of symbolic imagery. Through the analysis of the poetic, political, and philosophical functions of the 1680 Neptuno alegórico (Allegorical Neptune), this this study discusses the concepts of "emblem,"ekphrasis"," "syncretism," and "neoplatonic tradition" in one of the most rethorical and multifaceted texts of the humanist writer and Hieronymite nun sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (1648-1695). / Graduate / mplundin@gmail.com

This thesis offers a typology of Postmodern women�s discourse from a sociological perspective. By focusing on the reading of Gioconda Belli�s Sofia de los presagios, Isabel Allende�s Paula, and Anacristina Rossi�s La loca de Gandoca, it examines how each writer achieves, thanks to the process of dialogism and the carnivalesque, a critique of social and aesthetic values, associated with Eurocentric discourse. Thanks to these two processes, the values associated with the marginalized position of women in Latin America, are brought to the surface, offering a better understanding of the relation that exists between women�s literary production and the cultural environment. Chapter one offers an overview of the concepts associated with Posmodernism, and its relevance in the Latin American context. This chapter also outlines the key concepts associated with dialogism and the carnivalesque. Chapter two examines the use of the carnivalesque in two plays by Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, Los empenos de una casa and Amor es mas laberinto as antecedents of subversive writing in Spanish American women�s writing. It discusses how Sor Juana through appropriation and inversion, transforms her texts into a critique of marginalized social groups. This chapter proposes that Sor Juana sets the model for the subversive nature of Spanish American women�s writing. Chapter three offers a reading of Cristina Peri Rossi�s El libro de mis primos as an example of radical feminist discourse produced in the 60�s, focusing on the use of parody and irony as means of transgressing patriarchal discourse. Chapter four examines Gioconda Belli�s Sofia de los presagios, and the incorporation of ancestral and modern myths, to accentuate women�s marginality and the conflicting and contradictory nature of Nicaraguan society. Chapter five focuses on a reading of Isabel Allende�s Paula in which the techniques of magical realism and the carnivalesque are brought together to criticize social and cultural practices that marginalize women. Chapter six examines Anacristina Rossi�s La loca de Gandoca. It focuses on the way Rossi makes use of popular music, romantic literature, poetry, and bureaucratic discourse, to denounce the exploitation and destruction of Costa Rica�s natural resources through ecotourism.

This thesis offers a typology of Postmodern women�s discourse from a sociological perspective. By focusing on the reading of Gioconda Belli�s Sofia de los presagios, Isabel Allende�s Paula, and Anacristina Rossi�s La loca de Gandoca, it examines how each writer achieves, thanks to the process of dialogism and the carnivalesque, a critique of social and aesthetic values, associated with Eurocentric discourse. Thanks to these two processes, the values associated with the marginalized position of women in Latin America, are brought to the surface, offering a better understanding of the relation that exists between women�s literary production and the cultural environment. Chapter one offers an overview of the concepts associated with Posmodernism, and its relevance in the Latin American context. This chapter also outlines the key concepts associated with dialogism and the carnivalesque. Chapter two examines the use of the carnivalesque in two plays by Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, Los empenos de una casa and Amor es mas laberinto as antecedents of subversive writing in Spanish American women�s writing. It discusses how Sor Juana through appropriation and inversion, transforms her texts into a critique of marginalized social groups. This chapter proposes that Sor Juana sets the model for the subversive nature of Spanish American women�s writing. Chapter three offers a reading of Cristina Peri Rossi�s El libro de mis primos as an example of radical feminist discourse produced in the 60�s, focusing on the use of parody and irony as means of transgressing patriarchal discourse. Chapter four examines Gioconda Belli�s Sofia de los presagios, and the incorporation of ancestral and modern myths, to accentuate women�s marginality and the conflicting and contradictory nature of Nicaraguan society. Chapter five focuses on a reading of Isabel Allende�s Paula in which the techniques of magical realism and the carnivalesque are brought together to criticize social and cultural practices that marginalize women. Chapter six examines Anacristina Rossi�s La loca de Gandoca. It focuses on the way Rossi makes use of popular music, romantic literature, poetry, and bureaucratic discourse, to denounce the exploitation and destruction of Costa Rica�s natural resources through ecotourism.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-09T12:28:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-18Bitstream added on 2015-04-09T12:47:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000813391.pdf: 1986149 bytes, checksum: d81810d695d36601d15589bb10e0ea44 (MD5) / A forma mais simples de apresentar os três episódios que compõem este trabalho é supor que o argentino Jorge Luis Borges ocupe provisoriamente o centro duma rede de obras e de escritores de ficção científica hermética latino-americana – uma rede que pode ser lida como uma conspiração. A figura de Borges – mistura heterodoxa de literatura e de “vida”, de revelações, de epifanias, de “mentiras verdadeiras”, de excessos intelectuais – permite ingressar na tradição da ficção científica herege desde o instante inicial quando os conquistadores invadiram o território que ainda não era América. O “kairós” histórico, político, cultural, ideológico, econômico do desencontro dessas duas cosmovisões provocou uma “guerra de imagens” e de discursos em cujo fragor mestiçaram-se desejos milenaristas europeus e concepções ameríndias também proféticas, também transcendentes e com idêntica impossibilidade – como o sonho dos seus invasores – de ser utopia em uma “terra sem mal”. Nessas heterodoxias misturadas – caóticas, potentes para pensar e híbridas na sua origem europeia – cozinhou-se o húmus da ficção científica hermética que, com maior ou menor intensidade, fermentou até explodir no século XX. Em consequência, o gnóstico e cabalístico Borges é um mecanismo textual, com suas árduas especulações e com suas conspirações, para ler duas linhas genéricas surgidas desse húmus herege – linhas que, por nascer dos códigos do pensamento heterodoxo, são principais, porém não únicas. A primeira eclode no século XVII entre Brasil e Lisboa. Responde à ideia do complô, da conquista do espaço, da invasão, do domínio total (macrocosmo). O padre jesuíta Antônio Vieira baseado no milenarismo português constrói, no contexto de uma vida polêmica, um peculiar córpus composto de sermões apocalípticos e satíricos; uma carta-tratado (“papel”) que justifica um silogismo ... / El camino más directo para presentar estos tres episodios es suponer que el argentino Jorge Luis Borges ocupa –de forma provisoria- el centro de una red de obras y de escritores de ciencia ficción hermética latinoamericana –red que puede ser leída como una conspiración. La figura de Borges –mezcla heterodoxa de literatura y de ´vida´, de revelaciones, de epifanías, de ´mentiras verdaderas´, de excesos intelectuales- permite acceder a esa tradición de ciencia ficción hereje desde el instante inicial en el que los conquistadores invadieron el territorio que no era América todavía. El ´kairós´ histórico, político, cultural, ideológico, económico del desencuentro de dos cosmovisiones provocó una ´guerra de imágenes´, y de discursos, en cuyo fragor se mestizaron anhelos milenaristas europeos y concepciones amerindias también proféticas, también trascendentes y con idéntica imposibilidad -que el sueño de sus invasores- de resultar utopía en una ´tierra sin mal´. En esas heterodoxias mezcladas -caóticas, potentes para pensar y ya híbridas en su origen europeo- se cocinó el humus de la ciencia ficción hermética que, con mayor o menor intensidad, fermentó por centurias hasta explotar en el siglo XX. El gnóstico y cabalístico Borges es, entonces, un mecanismo textual, con sus arduas especulaciones y con sus conspiraciones, para leer dos líneas genéricas surgidas de ese humus hereje -líneas que al desprenderse de los códigos del pensamiento heterodoxo son principales, pero no únicas. La primera eclosiona en el siglo XVII entre Brasil y Lisboa. Responde a la idea de complot, de conquista del espacio, de invasión, de dominio total (´macrocosmos´). El padre jesuita Antônio Vieira en base al milenarismo portugués construye, en el entramado no menos polémico de su vida, un peculiar corpus compuesto por sermones apocalípticos y satíricos; una carta-tratado (´papel´) que justifica un silogismo ...

This thesis addresses the epistolary work by Novo-Hispanic writer Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz to place it in the literary and discursive context of the end of the 17th Century. I will take as theoretical background the concepts of dialogism and the carnivalesque by Mikhail Bakhtin, as well as Michel De Certeau’s reflections on what he calls the practice of everyday life. Other aspects of my theoretical approach will be drawn from Michel Foucault’s concepts in The Archaeology of Knowledge; his ideas about power, knowledge and social control, which will be useful for contextually addressing Sor Juana’s work and that of her intellectual contemporaries. Particularly, I will analyse the circumstances in which these Novo-Hispanic discourses were produced. This contextualization will allow me to incorporate not only the cultural (everyday life) practices that surround the production of these texts, but also other less notable or unpublished documents written by some of Sor Juana’s contemporaries. My aim is to widen the discursive spectrum of authors and critics of the prose of this author, and to this end I make use of documents from the 17th Century as primary source. This thesis is divided into three chapters. In the first, I will place into context the Novo-Hispanic discourse and the generic forms of the time: sermon, satire, libel, letter and inquisitorial censure, and the function of ideological control exerted by the Novo-Hispanic Holy Office. In the second chapter I will make a textual and contextual revision of three epistolary documents by Sor Juana: Carta al Padre Nuñez (Letter to Father Nuñez, 1682), Carta Atenagórica (Letter Worthy of Athena, 1690) and Respuesta a Sor Filotea de la Cruz (Reply to Sor Filotea of the Cross, 1690); as well as the antecedents, development and the result of the critical-theological conflict caused by these private letters, their replies and other collateral documents, namely, Carta de Serafina de Cristo, and Carta de Filotea de la Cruz (1690). Both drafts of these letters, found in Puebla in 2010, will also be refered in this revision. In addition to this I will study Defensa del Sermón del Mandato (1691) and Discurso Apologético contra la Fe de Erratas de un Soldado Castellano (1691), documents found in Lima in 2002 and published in Mexico in 2004. The third chapter consists of the study of three contemporary preachers of Sor Juana: Francisco Xavier Palavicino Villarrasa, Pedro Muñoz de Castro and Pedro de Avendaño Suárez de Sousa, whose theological and literary activities were denounced by the Holy Office. My aim is to show the reach of inquisitorial control and its consequence on the writing and literary activities of the contemporary intellectuals of Sor Juana, to contextualize Sor Juana’s epistolary work and confront the possible isolation and singularization that may place her life and work apart from the kernel of the intellectual scene in the New Spain at the close of the 17th Century.

This thesis deals with the twentieth century Brazilian writer Antônio Callado and his novels written during the Brazilian dictatorship. The aim of this work is to bring the author's literary work, which has not been translated into Czech yet, closer to the Czech reader. Based on the historical context of the Brazilian military dictatorship in 1964-1985, we deal with the urban and rural left-wing resistance, which was quickly suppressed. Further, we focus on how dictatorship and censorship have influenced artistic creation. Subsequently, we concentrate on the author's life and the analysis of three selected works written and published during the dictatorship. The analysis seeks to find out how Callado represented the Brazilian leftist movements in these three novels: Kuarup (Quarup, 1967), Reflections of the Ball (Reflexos do Baile, 1976), Don Juan's Bar (Bar Don Juan, 1971).

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Cette recherche a reçu le soutien financier du CRSH, de la FESP et du DLLM. / Le XIXe siècle représente une période prépondérante de l'histoire des femmes en Occident, celle de la naissance d’une conscience féminine de nature publique, des premiers balbutiements du féminisme. Dans ce contexte, il est important d'étudier où se situent certaines personnalités féminines dans leur société. À cette époque, deux pratiques d'écriture connaissent leur apogée, la presse et le journal intime, qui permettent aux femmes de prendre la parole et d’intervenir dans la sphère publique. Ces formes d'écriture peuvent être considérées comme des espaces discursifs nés de conflits et de tensions sociales; elles sont le produit d’une même personne qui commente l’actualité de façon quotidienne, hebdomadaire ou mensuelle. La femme de lettres reconstitue les événements et faits du passé, transmet ses observations et opinions personnelles sur divers sujets; elle remet aussi en question le discours normatif institutionnel à partir de ses propres expériences et connaissances. Les écritures intime et journalistique témoignent de la vision plurielle du monde des intellectuelles et de leur participation au devenir historique, d'où l'intérêt de les étudier en parallèle dans ce travail. À travers l'étude d’écrits intimes et journalistiques, l'objectif principal de cette thèse est de faire entendre trois voix féminines de l’Amérique face à la culture patriarcale: celles de l'Argentine Juana Manuela Gorriti, de la Colombienne Soledad Acosta de Samper et de la Québécoise Joséphine Marchand-Dandurand. Nous nous demandons dans quelle mesure leur écriture s’inscrit dans un projet collectif lié à l’avancement des femmes et de la nation. L’hypothèse qui guide notre travail est que les auteures développent et partagent une écriture de dénonciation et de revendication liée à la situation des femmes et de la nation. Nous partons du contexte universel d'invisibilité des femmes, de leur manque de reconnaissance comme sujets de la société du XIXe siècle ; nous suivons la ligne foucaultienne de la généalogie, en y ajoutant la variable de genre, dans le but de récupérer les traces d’une contre-mémoire manifeste dans les textes choisis et de mettre l’accent sur la contribution des auteures. L’analyse explore le dialogue entre le discours des écrivaines et l’hégémonie masculine. Elle reconstitue le contenu social de nature idéologique, indique les fonctions des textes analysés, examine attentivement leur contexte de création ainsi que l’expérience biographique des auteures et leur apport intellectuel. Alors que Gorriti, Acosta de Samper et Marchand-Dandurand proviennent de cultures et d’époques différentes, l'objectif est de préciser les éléments homologues sur les plans thématique et stratégique, tant dans leur écriture personnelle que dans leurs publications périodiques. Cet exercice permet de vérifier si, tant au niveau privé qu’au niveau public, les intellectuelles expriment les mêmes idées avec les mêmes stratégies énonciatives ; s’il existe une continuité ou, au contraire, une rupture entre les écrits autobiographiques et les essais publics qui rendent légitime leur vision du monde. Par la même occasion, nous examinons si le « je » des écrits intimes correspond à celui des publications périodiques de chacune des auteures à l’étude. / The nineteenth century is a key period in the history of Western women. This is when a public female consciousness emerges for the first time and an incipient feminism can be observed. In this context, it is important to study how certain female public figures positioned themselves in their respective societies. During this period two genres of writing, journalism and the personal diary, were at their height, and allowed women to take the floor and enter the public sphere. These forms of writing can be regarded as discursive spaces arising from social conflicts and tensions, but they are also the product of an individual who comments daily, weekly or monthly on current events. The woman writer reconstructs events and facts from the past, and reveals her personal observations and opinions on various subjects. She also uses her own experiences and knowledge to cast doubt on normative institutional discourses. Journalistic and personal writing bear witness to the pluralistic worldview of these female intellectuals and to their participation in contemporary historical developments; hence the interest in studying them comparatively in this investigation. The main objective of this dissertation is to analyse, through the study of their journalism and diaries, the work of three female writers from the Americas—the Argentinian Juana Manuela Gorriti, the Colombian Soledad Acosta de Samper, and the Quebecer Joséphine Marchand-Dandurand—whose voices have been silenced by patriarchal culture. Fundamentally, this thesis asks to what extent their writing is inscribed in a collective project related to the advancement of women and the nation. This investigation’s hypothesis is that the authors develop and share a critique of both the situation of women and the nation, as well as calling for women's recognition. Starting from the basis that women's invisibility is universal, and that women were not recognised as subjects in nineteenth-century society, the study deploys the Foucault’s theory of genealogy, adding the gender variable, in order to rescue the traces of a counter-memory in the texts selected and to value the contributions of the authors. The analysis explores the dialogue between the discourse of women writers and male hegemony, restoring the social content of an ideological nature, pointing out the functions provided by the texts analyzed and carefully examining the contexts of their production, as well as the biographical experiences of the writers and their intellectual contributions. Even though Gorriti, Acosta de Samper and Marchand-Dandurand come from different cultures and epochs, the objective is to define the similarities in their personal and journalistic writing on both a thematic and strategic levels. This exercise allows us to verify if these female intellectuals expressed the same ideas in both public and private spheres with the same enunciative strategies; if there is continuity or rupture between autobiographical writings and public essays, which legitimize their worldview. At the same time, the study examines if there is any correspondence between the authorial self of the intimate writings and that of the periodical publications. / El siglo XIX es un período clave en la historia de las mujeres occidentales ya que es el momento en el que surge una conciencia femenina de naturaleza pública y en el que se observan los primeros balbuceos del feminismo. En este contexto, resulta importante estudiar el posicionamiento de ciertas individualidades femeninas frente a la sociedad de su tiempo. Tanto la prensa como el diario personal son dos prácticas escriturales que conocen su auge en esta época y que permiten a las mujeres tomar la palabra y el espacio público. Estas formas de escritura pueden ser consideradas como espacios discursivos surgidos de conflictos y tensiones de carácter social, siendo producto de una misma personalidad que comenta diaria, periódica o mensualmente la actualidad. La mujer escritora reconstituye acontecimientos y hechos del pasado, da a conocer sus observaciones y opiniones personales sobre varios temas; cuestiona también el discurso normalizado e institucionalizado a partir de su propia experiencia y en función de sus conocimientos. Las escrituras íntima y periodística constituyen testimonios de la visión plural del mundo de las intelectuales y de su participación en el devenir histórico. De ahí el interés de estudiarlas en paralelo en este trabajo. El objetivo principal de esta tesis es el de hacer oír, a través del estudio de escritos íntimos y periodísticos, tres voces femeninas americanas frente a la cultura patriarcal: las de la argentina Juana Manuela Gorriti, de la colombiana Soledad Acosta de Samper y de la quebequense Joséphine Marchand-Dandurand. Nos preguntamos en qué medida su escritura se inscribe en un proyecto colectivo relacionado con el avance de la mujer y de la nación. La hipótesis que guía nuestra investigación es la de que las autoras desarrollan y comparten una escritura de denuncia y de reivindicación relacionada con la situación de la mujer y de la nación. Partiendo del contexto universal de invisibilidad de la mujer, de su falta de homologación como sujeto en la colectividad decimonónica, seguimos la línea foucaultiana de la genealogía, agregándole la variable de género, con el fin de rescatar las huellas de una contramemoria manifiesta en los textos seleccionados y de valorar las aportaciones de las autoras. El análisis considera la interlocución entre el discurso de las escritoras con la hegemonía masculina, restituyendo el contenido social de naturaleza ideológica, señalando las funciones y apuestas que proporcionan los textos analizados y examinando cuidadosamente el contexto de su creación, así como la experiencia biográfica de las escritoras y su aporte intelectual. Si bien Gorriti, Acosta de Samper y Marchand-Dandurand proceden de culturas y épocas distintas, el objetivo es deslindar los elementos que pueden ser considerados homólogos a nivel temático y estratégico, tanto a través de su escritura personal como de sus publicaciones periódicas. Este ejercicio nos permite comprobar si, tanto en el plano privado como en el público, las intelectuales expresan las mismas ideas con las mismas estrategias enunciativas, si existe continuidad o si, por el contrario, se evidencia una ruptura entre los escritos autobiográficos y los ensayos públicos, que legitiman su visión del mundo. Al mismo tiempo, examinamos si hay una concordancia entre el yo autoral de los escritos íntimos y el de las publicaciones periódicas.