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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Notas sobre o conceito de existência autêntica

Barros, Wagner de [UNESP] 28 September 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-09-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:54:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 barros_w_me_mar.pdf: 614692 bytes, checksum: e7bd6bdb69a59fc31f250c3a28cf5250 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Diese Arbeit hat zum Thema der Eigentlichkeitsbegriff. Die Eigentlichkeit trifft auf eine eigene Existenz zu, in der das Individuum seine eigenen Entscheidungen nimmt und macht. Die Wahrheit ist eine Wahrheit für es. Der Mann, der eine eigene Existenz hat, handelt nach seinem Willen. Durch die Stücke von Ibsen, insbesondere Nora, die Puppenheim, Der Volkesfeind und die Damem des Meeres, sucht man Spuren einer Existenz zu finden, die sich selbst stimmen kann. Als einer der Vorläufer des modernen Dramas, zeigt Ibsen in seiner Werken die menschliche Konflikte, die Spannung zwischen Subjektivität und Objektivität, zwischen individuellen Wünsche und das moralische Gesetz. Infolgedessen durchquert das Thema der Eigenltichkeit in größe Teil seiner Dramaturgie. Damit wird die Kierkegaards Philosophie benutzen, weil Kierkegaard, mit der Definition der Enkelte, zur Formulierung der moderne Begriff des Individuums beitragt. Der Enkelte ist das Individuum, im das Ich durchgeführt ist. Die Arbeit findet ihre Einheit im gemeinsamen thematischen Fond, denn die Texten beitragen zur Diskussion über die Möglichkeit einer eigenen, treuen und echten Existenz. Wie bereits erwähnt, diese Diskussion passt in die heutige Debatte über den Tod des Subjektes / O presente trabalho tem como tema o conceito de existência autêntica (Eigentlichkeit). A autenticidade refere-se a uma existência verdadeira, na qual o indivíduo assume e faz escolhas próprias. A verdade é uma verdade em relação a si. O homem que possui uma existência autêntica age de acordo com a sua vontade. Busca-se, mediante uma análise dos dramas de Ibsen, mais precisamente as peças Casa de Boneca, O inimigo do povo e a Dama do mar, encontrar traços de uma existência capaz de determinar a si mesma. Considerado um dos precursores do teatro moderno, Ibsen ressalta em suas peças os conflitos humanos, a tensão entre a subjetividade e a objetividade, entre os desejos individuais e as leis morais. Com efeito, o tema da autenticidade perpassa grande parte de sua dramaturgia. Diante deste cenário conceitual, utilizar-se-á a filosofia elaborada por Kierkegaard. Kierkegaard contribui para a formulação do conceito moderno de indivíduo com a sua definição do Enkelte, que é o indivíduo no qual o Eu está realizado. Embora de autores distintos, o trabalho encontra a sua unidade diante do fundo temático comum, pois são textos que contribuem para a discussão da possibilidade de uma existência verdadeira, fiel a si mesma. Como se observa, a presente discussão insere-se dentro do debate contemporâneo sobre a morte do sujeito
22

Subjetividade e objetividade no debate entre socratismo e cristianismo em Kierkegaard : uma analise a partir do Post-Scriptum

Paula, Marcio Gimenes de 12 March 2002 (has links)
Orientador: Oswaldo Giacoia Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-31T15:21:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paula_MarcioGimenesde_M.pdf: 13709328 bytes, checksum: 77e62ee337bf0a1e6f086448ced5ea44 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002 / Resumo: Em que consiste o pensamento objetivo? Qual é a base do pensamento subjetivo? Há uma cisão irrecuperável entre essas duas formas de pensar? Poderiam ambas ajudar-se mutuamente? A objetividade não foi, ao longo dos anos, confundida com objetivismo? Subjetividade não foi confundida com subjetivismo, arbitrariedade ou mera vontade individual? Pensando nessas questões- e no conflito entre subjetividade e objetividade desenvolvo nessa dissertação um estudo de tal temática baseando-me na obra de Kierkegaard (1813-1855). Para a realização de tal tarefa, analiso especialmente o Post-Scriptum, relacionando-o com algumas outras obras suas e pseudônimos do pensador dinamarquês. A relação entre subjetividade e objetividade em Kierkegaard se esclarece através da sua concepção das figuras de Sócrates e Cristo. O pensador grego e Cristo- a suma imagem do mistério- são tomados como exemplos de subjetividade, a despeito de suas diferenças. Nessa pesquisa, três outros autores são de importância capital para Kierkegaard: Hegel, Lessing e Feuerbach. Hegel não figura apenas como oponente de Kierkegaard. Tal oposição kierkegaardiana foi tratada como uma estratégia no contexto geral de suas obras. O pensador dinamarquês também não defende uma subjetividade que pode ser confundida com qualquer espécie de subjetivismo, desprezando a objetividade. A leitura kierkegaardiana da figura de Lessing é bastante relacionada ao fato desse pensador ter trabalhado exaustivamente o confronto entre fé e razão. O Post-Scriptum de Kierkegaard será muito influenciado por uma carta de Lessing intitulada Sobre a demonstração em espírito e força. Feuerbach representa, no pensamento kierkegaardiano, uma espécie de adversário declarado e aliado involuntário. Este estudo mostra como Kierkegaard concorda com muitas das teses materialistas de Feuerbach acerca do cristianismo e afirma que este tem uma compreensão verdadeira do cristianismo, coisa que nem os pastores da cristandade luterana da Dinamarca, nem os filósofos sistemáticos conhecem. O Post-Scriptum também é fortemente influenciado por algumas das teses da Essência do Cristianismo de Feuerbach. Com essas delimitações e especificidade- a dissertação se propõe a estudar o debate entre subjetividade e objetividade no pensamento de Kierkegaard, contribuindo para um debate importantíssimo da história do pensamento filosófico ocidental / Abstract: What does objective thinking consist or? What is the foundation of subjective thinking? Is there a irreconcilable schism between these two ways of thinking? Could they complement each other? Wasn't objectivity for many years confused with objectivism? Wasn't subjectivity merely confused with arbitrary decisions or individual willingness; that is, the so-called subjectivism? Based on the work of Kierkegaard's (1813-1855) this dissertation explores the subjectivity/objectivity conflict. In order to achieve this goal, Kierkegaard's Post-Scriptum is analyzed in connection with other works of the Danish thinker. The subjectivity/objectivity relationship becomes clear in Kierkegaard's work through his analysis of Socrates and Christ, whereby, in spite of their differences, the Greek thinker and Christ are shown as examples of subjectivity. In this piece of research three other authors are of crucial importance for Kierkegaard: Regel, Lessing and Feuerbach. Regel is not only Kierkegaard's opponent. Such kierkegaardian position should be better analyzed and seen as a strategic stance in general context of his work. The Danish thinker does not support a kind of subjectivity which could be confused with any kind of subjectivism either. He does not despise objectivity. Kierkegaard's position with respect to Lessing is strongly related to the fact that the German thinker thoroughly explores the confTontation between faith and reason. Kierkegaard's Post-Scriptum will be greatly influenced by a letter of Lessing's entitled: Demonstration spirit and strength. Feuerbach is, in kierkegaardian's thinking, at the same time a kind of declared adversary and involuntary allied. This piece of research shows how the kierkegaardian position agrees with many of Feuerbach's materialistic theses conceming Christianity and also agreewith his true analysis of the Christianity. Kierkegaard considerers these theses better than the position of the Danish Luther ministers and the sistematic philosophers. The Post-Scriptum is also strongly influenced by some of Feuerbach's theses on the Essence of Christianity. This dissertation studies- within carefully described constraints and levels of specificity- the debate between subjectivity and objectivity in Kierkegaard's thinking. It is hoped that this work will be a small contribution to the crucial debate in the history of westem philosophical thinking / Mestrado / Mestre em Filosofia
23

The self in the thought of Kierkegaard, Sartre and Jung

Jonker, Christine January 2001 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The problem explored in this study concerns authenticity, and can be formulated as the question: 'How does one become oneself? In order to answer this query, related issues must be addressed, for example: the nature of consciousness/ self-awareness; the individual's relationship to society; the meaning of existence, and so forth. The reply's of three thinkers, Kierkegaard, Sartre and Jung, will be discussed in this investigation. They have been selected for several reasons: Each of their respective theories addresses issues that are generally pertinent in contemporary society, such as: the alienation and dissociation of individuals from each other and themselves through mass-mindedness and the impersonal nature of state and religious institutions; the anxiety that many experience due to, firstly, a lack of confidence in the abovementioned institutions and, secondly, a loss of trust in existing (political, religious, moral, social) life-strategies, because these often fail to give a convincing sense of meaning and purpose to life. Each of the three thinkers places the 'self at the center of their philosophy, and addresses many similar themes which share between them a family resemblance that admits of comparison. The theories are presented in an order that · allows for a dialectical approach to the problem of self: Kierkegaard's fundamentally Christian theory is presented as thesis, and Sartre's atheistic position as anti-thesis. Jung's theory of the psyche is presented as synthesis, because it is antimetaphysical, but nevertheless claims to prove empirically that a convincing religious/ spiritual experience is the key ingredient for authenticity. The outcome of the enquiry will show that the three thinkers point from different directions towards the same basic conceptualization of the 'self: The self is both a project and a goal or, to put it differently, a journey and a destination, the goal/destination being the synthesis of the various disparate and conflicting elements that influence or make up the personality. The study as a whole echoes the three individual approaches in describing the condition of modem man as a malady or sickness, which is the lack of authenticity, of which the symptoms are falsehood, anxiety, alienation, crippled relationships, lack of responsibility and adaptibility, and perhaps, on a larger scale, issues such as social/ political injustice and conflict. The cure for this malady is an enhancement of consciousness/ awareness that is known as 'the self. The self is seen as a 'becoming' and a choice, a dynamic synthesis, something which is not given and cannot be taken for granted, but must be actively striven for. The study outlines and explores the nature and value of such a project towards the self. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie beskou die probleem van outentisiteit, wat as die vraag, 'Hoe word ek myself?', gestel kan word. Om hierdie vraag te beantwoord, moet verdere kwessies, soos byvoorbeeld die aard van (self)bewussyn, die verhouding waarin die indivudu tot die samelewing staan, en die betekenis van 'bestaan' ( eksistensie ), ook aangespreek word. Die voorstelle van drie denkers, Kierkegaard, Sartre and Jung, word bespreek in hierdie tesis. Die drie is vir verskeie redes uitgesoek: Elkeen van hulle spreek pertinente kwessies rondom die modeme samelewing aan, byvoorbeeld: individue se vervreemding en verwydering van hulself en ander weens die massa-mentaliteit en onpersoonlike aard van staats- en godsdienstige instellings; die angs en spanning wat baie ervaar as gevolg van 'n gebrek aan vertroue in bogenoemde instellings, asook 'n gebrekkige geloof in bestaande (politiese, godsdienstige, more le, so si ale) lewensstrategiee wat nie meer daarin slaag om sin of rede aan die lewe te gee nie. Elkeen van die drie denkers plaas die 'self sentraal tot hulle filosofie, en spreek temas aan wat onderling familie-ooreenkomste vertoon, en daarom onderlinge vergelyking toelaat. Die teoriee word aangebied in 'n volgorde wat 'n dialekti~se aanslag tot die probleem moontlik maak: Kierkegaard se Christelike teorie word as tese aangebied, en Sartre se ateistiese posisie as anti-tese. Jung se teorie van die psige word as sintese voorgehou, want, alhoewel dit geen metafisiese aansprake maak nie, beskou dit 'n oortuigende religieuse/ geestelike ervaring as die hoofbestandeel vir outentisiteit. Die gevolgtrekking van die ondersoek sal wys dat die drie denkers vanuit verskillende rigtings na dieselfde konsepsie van die 'self wys: Die self is sowel 'n projek as 'n doel, of, anders gestel, 'n reis en 'n bestemming. Die doel/ bestemming is 'n sintese van die verskillende, onderling botsend~ elemente waaruit die self bestaan en waardeur dit beinvloed word. Die studie in geheel volg die voorbeeld van die drie denkers deur die modeme mens se 'toestand' as 'n soort siekte te beskryf. Die simptome van hierdie siekte, of gebrek aan outentisiteit, is valsheid, angs, vervreemding, gebrekkige verhoudings, die afwesigheid van persoonlike verantwoordelikheid en aanpasbaarheid, en ook miskien kwessies soos sosiale en politiese onreg en konflik. Die remedie vir so 'n siekte is die 'self: 'n verheldering en intensifisering van bewussyn, wat gesien kan word as 'n 'wording' en 'n keuse, 'n dinamiese sintese, iets wat nie as voor-die-hand-liggend beskou kan word nie, maar wat aktief nagestreef moet word. Hierdie studie ondersoek die aard en waarde van so 'n projek gerig op die self
24

Sobre os conceitos de indivíduo em Sören Kierkegaard e de pessoa em Carl Rogers: semelhanças e diferenças / About the concepts of Individual in Sören Kierkegaard and Person in Carl Rogers: similarities and differences.

PONTE, Carlos Roger Sales da January 2010 (has links)
PONTE , Carlos Roger Sales da . Sobre os conceitos de indivíduo em Sören Kierkegaard e de pessoa em Carl Rogers: semelhanças e diferenças . 2010. 119 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Psicologia) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Psicologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Fortaleza-CE, 2010. / Submitted by moises gomes (celtinha_malvado@hotmail.com) on 2011-12-07T18:28:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_CRSDPonte.PDF: 785994 bytes, checksum: 43007e0aef45ddb8ddabd44c5772fc19 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-01-09T15:10:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_CRSDPonte.PDF: 785994 bytes, checksum: 43007e0aef45ddb8ddabd44c5772fc19 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-01-09T15:10:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_CRSDPonte.PDF: 785994 bytes, checksum: 43007e0aef45ddb8ddabd44c5772fc19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / From a epistemological reading of some writings of the American psychologist, Carl R. Rogers, in which he declares “theoretical affinities” with the thought of the Danish philosopher, Sören Kierkegaard, the biggest objective of this study is to collate the concepts of “Individual”, delineated by Kierkegaard, and the concept of “Person”, formulated by Rogers, in its similarities and differences. Contributing to the constitution of one more face of the Person-Centrered Approaching epistemology (created and developed by Rogers), is also intention of this research, to approximate these concepts taking as support the hypothesis of that the supposed kierkegaardian influence in Roger’s production is not so significant as he (Rogers) and, over all, his commentators, wants to make to believe. Being Kierkegaard in a philosophical and epistemological dimension of a pietistic and anguished Christianity, where its biggest goal was to show the true “Christian-to-be”, and also that the “Individual” is that one who chooses to exist subjectively in a tensioned relation with God, hardly could his philosophy stand as another so heterogeneous context as it was the case of Humanist North America Psychology, where Rogers had space and that considered the “Person” as a “reliable worthy organism” that keeps in itself the potentialities of constructing itself in all its spheres and in direction to an authentic existence and congruence. Approaching the concepts of “Individual” and “Person” in its similarities and differences, describing until where the influence of Kierkegaard in the rogerian thought is veridical, it is intended to show the place in fact of the kierkegaardian philosophy in the construction of the psychology centered in the person effected by Rogers. / A partir de uma leitura epistemológica de vários escritos do psicólogo estadunidense, Carl R. Rogers, em que ele declara “afinidades” teóricas com o pensamento do filósofo dinamarquês, Sören Kierkegaard, o objetivo maior deste estudo é confrontar os conceitos de “Indivíduo”, delineado por Kierkegaard, e o conceito de “Pessoa”, formulado por Rogers, em suas similaridades e diferenças. Contribuindo na constituição de mais uma faceta da epistemologia da Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa (criada e desenvolvida por Rogers), é também intenção desta pesquisa, aproximar estes conceitos apoiando-se na hipótese de que a suposta influência kierkegaardiana na obra de Rogers não é tão significativa como ele (Rogers) e, sobretudo, seus comentadores, querem fazer crer. Estando Kierkegaard numa dimensão filosófica e epistemológica de um cristianismo pietista e angustiado, em que sua meta maior era mostrar o verdadeiro “devir cristão”, e que o “Indivíduo” é aquele que escolhe existir ligado subjetivamente numa relação tensionada com Deus, dificilmente poderia sua filosofia servir de base em outro contexto tão heterogêneo como era o da psicologia humanista norte-americana, onde Rogers tinha seu espaço e que considerava a “Pessoa” como um “organismo digno de confiança” que guarda em si mesma as potencialidades de se construir em todas as suas esferas e em direção a uma existência congruente e autêntica. Aproximando os conceitos de “Indivíduo” e de “Pessoa” em suas semelhanças e diferenças, descrevendo até onde a influência de Kierkegaard no pensamento rogeriano é verídica, pretende-se mostrar o lugar de fato da filosofia kierkegaardiana na construção da psicologia centrada na pessoa efetuada por Rogers.

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