Este trabalho objetivou caracterizar, a campo, os danos de A. fraterculus e avaliar, em laboratório, aspectos biológicos da espécie em duas cultivares de quivi (Actinidia chinensis cv. MG06 e Actinidia deliciosa cv. Bruno). Frutos das duas cultivares foram infestados em pomar situado em Farroupilha, RS, no início (30% do tamanho final), metade (90% do tamanho final) e final do ciclo (ponto sw colheita), e em laboratório, desde o início da frutificação até a colheita, com adultos de A. fraterculus. Na cultivar MG06, três dias após a primeira infestação, realizada no início do desenvolvimento, observou-se a formação de exsudato cristalino nos locais de punctura e, na colheita, rachaduras, depressões e primórdios de galerias. Na mesma cultivar, registrou-se fibrose nos frutos infestados no ponto de colheita. Apesar de terem sidos computados ovos nos frutos, a campo, não houve desenvolvimento larval nessa cultivar. Na cultivar Bruno não foram constatados danos e ovos. Não houve queda de frutos atribuída a A. fraterculus em ambas cultivares Verificou-se o desenvolvimento larval, em laboratório, quando os frutos apresentavam, no mínimo, 6,4% e 7,0% de sólidos solúveis totais, respectivamente, para as cultivares MG06 e Bruno. Anteriormente ao período de colheita, moscas desenvolvidas na cultivar MG06 apresentaram menor duração do período de ovo a pupa. Em frutos colhidos no ponto de colheita, um número significativamente maior de ovos foi constatado na cultivar MG06, o que pode ser atribuído à menor pilosidade. Entretanto, o número de pupários foi semelhante entre as cultivares. Na cultivar Bruno, verificou-se, significativamente, menor duração do período ovo a pupa, maior longevidade de fêmeas e maior tamanho de indivíduos de ambos os sexos em frutos colhidos no ponto de colheita. Adultos emergidos nesse hospedeiro foram mais fecundos e férteis. Os resultados sugerem que a cultivar MG06, em laboratório, é a mais adequada para o desenvolvimento de A. fraterculus até próximo à época de colheita, ocorrendo o contrário quando os frutos foram coletados no ponto de colheita. Entretanto, não foram obtidos indivíduos a campo em ambas as cultivares. / The present study aimed to characterize the damage of A. fraterculus and evaluate biological aspects of this specie in two kiwi cultivars (Actinidia chinensis cv. MG06 e Actinidia deliciosa cv. Bruno). Fruits of both cultivars were infested in orchards at Farroupilha, RS, in the beginning (30% of final size), middle (90% of final size) and end (harvest point) of the cicle, and in laboratory, since the beginning of fruiting until harvest, with A. fraterculus adults. Three days after the first infestation, held in early development of cultivar MG06, the formation of a crystalline exudate in puncture sites was observed, and, at harvest, cracks, depressions and beginnings of galleries. Also, there was fibrosis in fruits infested at harvest point. Although the eggs have been counted, at field, there was no larval development on MG06 fruits. Damage and oviposition weren’t found at cultivar Bruno. There was no fruit drop attributed to A. fraterculus in both cultivars. In laboratory, larval development was observed when the fruits had, at least, 6.4 % (MG06) and 7.0 % (Bruno) of total soluble solids. Before the harvest period, flies developed in MG06 showed shorter duration of egg to pupa In fruits collected at harvest point, a significantly higher number of eggs was found on MG06 fruits which can be attributed to the lower pubescence. However, the number of pupae was similar between the cultivars. There was significantly shorter cycle of egg to pupa, higher longevity and size of individuals of both sexes developed on Bruno fruits collected at harvest point. Also, adults emerged from this cultivar laid more eggs and were more fertile. The findings suggest that the MG06 cultivar, in laboratory, is the most appropriate for the developing of A. fraterculus before the harvest season than Bruno, but the opposite occurs when fruits are collected in harvest point. However, no individuals were observed at field in both kiwi cultivars.

Memoria para optar al título profesional de Ingeniera Agrónoma / Se estudió la dinámica poblacional de Botrytis cinerea (Bc) en el cultivo del kiwi en Chile, caracterizando genética y fenotípicamente un número representativo de aislados recuperados desde flores y frutos sintomáticos colectados en pre y poscosecha en un huerto del Valle Central. En total se seleccionaron completamente al azar 276 aislados monospóricos, determinándose la correspondencia genotípica mediante PCR-dúplex y el uso de partidores específicos (amplificación de secuencias transponibles Boty y Flipper). Posteriormente, 10 aislados de cada genotipo identificado se caracterizaron fenotípicamente con respecto a: 1) aspecto morfológico (miceliar/esclerocial), 2) capacidad formadora de esclerocios, 3) nivel de esporulación a 20ºC (Agar Malta) y 4) crecimiento miceliar a 15, 20 y 25ºC (agar malta); evaluándose además la virulencia de éstos mismos aislados en: a) bayas de vid cv. Thompson Seedless de 16,5º Brix de madurez, inoculadas con y sin herida y mantenidas en incubación a 20ºC por 96 horas (nº de bayas = 150/genotipo; 25 por repetición y condición) y b) en frutos de kiwi cv. Hayward (7-8º Brix) inoculados solo con heridas (nº de frutos = 100/genotipo; 25 por repetición), incubados a 20ºC y 0ºC por 17 y 60 días, respectivamente. Los resultados obtenidos señalan a vacuma como el genotipo predominante en floración (36%) y poscosecha (69.2%); transposa se presenta en menor proporción durante floración (20%), aumenta en cosecha (84%), y en poscosecha solo corresponde a un 7,7%. Los aislados tipo flipper, se presentaron en una baja a moderada frecuencia en todos los estadios fenológicos o periodos analizados, con excepción de fruto recién formado (24%); finalmente los aislados tipo boty solo se recuperaron en una alta proporción durante floración (32%), no detectándose en poscosecha. Estos resultados señalan que la composición de la población de Bc en kiwi difiere notoriamente de la descrita en uva de mesa de Chile, en la cual transposa predomina en todos los estadios fenológicos, y vacuma sólo se presenta en una muy baja proporción y casi exclusivamente en floración. Fenotípicamente, los aislados se comportaron de manera similar independientemente de la correspondencia genotípica (p > 0,05). En general, al evaluar la virulencia en bayas de vid a 20°C, los mayores diámetros de lesión en la condición con herida, fueron presentados por los aislados flipper (p < 0,05), pero sin diferencias con los demás genotipos en la modalidad sin herida (p > 0,05). En kiwis incubados a 20°C, aunque no se detectaron diferencias significativas entre aislados Bc de los distintos genotipos, vacuma fue el más virulento; en cambio a 0ºC, los aislados vacuma y boty fueron más agresivos diferenciándose significativamente de los aislados transposa y flipper (p < 0,05). Los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir la existencia de una posible asociación entre la composición genotípica de las poblaciones de Bc presentes en kiwi y el nivel de daño por pudriciones del patógeno en poscosecha. / The population dynamics of Botrytis cinerea (Bc) on a kiwifruit crop in Chile was studied by genetic and phenotypic characterization of a representative number of isolates from symptomatic flowers and fruits collected at pre- and postharvest in an orchard located in the Central Valley. In total, 279 randomly selected monosporic isolates were used, with the genotypic correspondence being determined by the duplex PCR reaction and the use of specific primers (amplification of transposable sequences Boty and Flipper). Later, 10 isolates of each identified genotype were phenotypically characterized with respect to: 1) morphological aspect (mycelial/sclerotical); 2) sclerotium-forming ability; 3) sporulation level at 20°C (malt agar); and 4) mycelial growth at 15, 20 and 25°C (malt agar). In addition, the virulence of the same isolates was evaluated in: a) ‘Thompson Seedless’ grape berries having 16,5°Brix of maturity, inoculated with and without wound and kept under incubation at 20°C for 96 hours (N° of berries = 150/genotype; 25 per replication and condition); and b) ‘Hayward’ kiwifruits (7-8°Brix) inoculated just with wounds (N° of fruits = 100/genotype; 25 per replication), incubated at 20 and 0°C for 17 and 60 days, respectively. The results obtained show vacuma as the predominat genotype (69.2%); transposa occured in a smaller proportion during bloom (20%), it increased at harvest time (84%), and at postharvest it only reached 7.7%. Flipper-type isolates occurred in a low-to-moderate frequency at all the phonological stages or periods analyzed, excepting newly-formed fruit (24%), while boty-type isolates were recovered in high proportion only during bloom (32%), not being detected at postharvest. These results indicate that B. cinerea population make-up differs markedly from that described in table grapes in Chile where transposa prevails at all the phenological stages, and vacuma occurs just in a very low proportion and almost exclusively at bloom. Phenotypically, the isolates behaved similarly irrespective of the genotypic correspondence (p >0.05). When evaluating the virulence, the greatest lesion diameters in wounded grape berries were shown by flipper isolates (p <0.05), but with no differences with the other genotypes in the unwounded group (p >0.05). In kiwifruit incubated at 20°C, although no significant differences were detected among Bc isolates of the different genotypes, vacuma was always the most virulent; conversely, at 0°C vacuma and boty isolate were more aggressive and differentiated significantly from the transposa and flipper isolates (p< 0.05). The results obtained suggest the existence of a possible association between the genotypic composition of Bc populations occurring in kiwifruit and the level of damage from rots caused by the pathogen at postharvest.

Security is a major concern is today's online world. As online activities become increasingly sensitive, service providers rely on security protocols to ensure confidentiality, integrity and authentication of their users and data. Greater assurance is provided when these protocols are verified to be correct. Strand Spaces is a method to formally analyze security protocols. The arguments are based on the messages being transmitted and received while assuming that the underlying cryptographic primitives are secure. This thesis demonstrates that the protocols Luau, pwdArmor and Kiwi are secure using Strand Spaces methodology.

Detta arbete undersöker hur den nya zeeländska läsinlärningsmodellen Whole language kan se ut i praktiken på en svensk skola utifrån läsinlärningsmaterialet Kiwi. Syftet med undersökningen är att ta reda på hur materialet är uppbyggt, hur lärarna arbetar med det och vad de anser om metoden som bygger på läsning i tre former: gemensam, vägledd och självständig. Min metod består av tre delar: kvalitativa intervjuer med 5 lärare på min VFT-skola, hänvisningar till min fältdagbok som jag skrev där och en mindre textgranskning av kiwimaterialet. Det viktigaste resultatet är att det finns både lärare som helt har tagit metoden till sig och lärare som skulle vilja slippa arbeta med den. Min viktigaste slutsats är att Kiwi och storbok fungerar bäst om det finns resurser för det. En annan slutsats är att ljudningstekniken måste, på ett meningsfullt sätt, få en plats i en Whole languagebaserad undervisning.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Pâté or paste is made up primarily of fats, proteins and water, being susceptible to deterioration reactions, such as lipid oxidation. Antioxidants are used to slow this processes, with the synthetic ones being more utilized, however, because they are safer, natural sources have been analyzed, like fruit residues, that are rich in phytochemicals while simultaneously provide an alternative to waste. Kiwi is a fruit know worldwide by its taste and high nutritional value. The transformation of these in flour is important do to volume reduction and perishability. The objective of this study was to determinate the bioactive compounds of flours of peel and pomace from two variations (Bruno and Monty) of kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa), unripe and ripe, and the application of the flour with the highest antioxidant activity in different concentrations in ham pâtés. To obtain the flour was used an oven at 35 ± 5 ºC, analytical mill and sieves for standardization of particle size. Analisys of chemical composition, pH determination, water activity, microbiological characterization, antimicrobial activity, determination of bioactive compounds, vitamin C, total phenolics, chlorophylls, total carotenoids, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP) were performed. According to the results, kiwi peel flour from the Bruno variety in the first stage of maturation was the sample with the highest antioxidant activity by the DPPH metod (72,04% of maxim activity) and with the highest level of total phenols (1262,34 mg GAE/100g), being therefore the flour chosen for elaboration of the pâtés, which followed the procedures described by Terra (1998). The ingredients were mixed in cutter for emulsification, packaging and pasteurization at 73 ºC in the interior of the mass. The formulations differ in relation to the antioxidant, them being: T1 standard, with addition of sodium erythorbate; T2 control, without antioxidant addition; T3, T4 and T5 with addition of natural antioxidant, kiwi peel flour (FCK) in different concentrations 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%, respectively. After the product was finished, analysis of chemical composition, pH, color, lipid oxidation, DPPH, vitamin C, texture, microbiological and sensory analysis were performed. The ham pâtés were within the law requisites for chemical composition and microbiological stability, did not show oxidative changes during storage and showed good sensory acceptability for the concentrations of 0,5 and 1,0% of kiwi peel flour (FCK). The ham pâtés added with kiwi flour can be considered functional foods, having over 3 g of dietary fiber in every 100 g of pâté. Within the results was observed that the kiwi flours are characterized as an important source of bioactive compounds and dietary fiber, enabling its use as an ingredient in meat products. / O patê ou pasta constitui-se principalmente por gorduras, proteínas e água, sendo susceptível a reações de deterioração, como a oxidação lipídica. Os antioxidantes são utilizados para retardar estes processos, sendo que os sintéticos são mais utilizados. Entretanto, por serem mais seguros, tem-se analisado fontes naturais, como os resíduos de frutas, que são ricos em fitoquímicos, ao mesmo tempo em que fornecem uma alternativa para os desperdícios. O kiwi é um fruto mundialmente conhecido pelo sabor e alto valor nutritivo. A transformação destes em farinha é importante pela redução do volume e perecibilidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi à caracterização físico-química, microbiológica e compostos bioativos de farinhas de cascas e bagaço de Kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa), de duas variedades (Bruno e Monty), em dois estádios de maturação, e a aplicação da farinha, de maior atividade antioxidante, em diferentes concentrações, em patês de presunto, visando ação antioxidante e adição de fibra alimentar. Para a obtenção das farinhas utilizou-se estufa a 35°C (±5), moinho analítico e peneiras para padronização da granulometria. Foram realizadas as análises de composição centesimal, determinação de pH, atividade de água, caracterização microbiológica, atividade antimicrobiana, determinação de compostos bioativos, vitamina C, fenólicos totais, clorofilas, carotenoides totais, flavonoides totais e atividade antioxidante (DPPH e FRAP). Conforme os resultados, a farinha de casca de kiwi da variedade Bruno, no primeiro estádio de maturação, foi a amostra de maior atividade antioxidante pelo método DPPH (72,04% de atividade máxima) e a que contém o maior teor de fenólicos totais (1262,34 mg GAE/100g), sendo então a farinha escolhida para a elaboração dos patês, que seguiu os procedimentos descritos por Terra, (1998). Os ingredientes foram misturados em cutter para a formação da emulsão, embalagem e pasteurização a 73°C no interior da massa. As formulações diferenciaram em relação ao antioxidante, sendo elas: T1-padrão, com adição de Eritorbato de sódio; T2- controle, sem adição de antioxidante; T3, T4 e T5- com adição de antioxidante natural, farinha de casca de kiwi (FCK) em diferentes concentrações 0,5, 1,0 e 2,0%, respectivamente. Após o produto acabado foram realizadas as análises de composição centesimal, pH, cor, oxidação lipídica, DPPH, vitamina C, textura, análises microbiológicas e sensorial. Os patês de presunto se apresentaram dentro dos requisitos da legislação tanto para a composição centesimal quanto para estabilidade microbiológica, não apresentaram alterações oxidativas durante o armazenamento e boa aceitabilidade sensorial para as concentrações de 0,5 e 1,0% de farinha de casca de kiwi (FCK). Os patês de presunto adicionados de FCK podem ser considerados alimentos funcionais, visto que possuem mais de 3g de fibra alimentar em cada 100g de patê. Com os resultados observou-se que as farinhas de resíduos de kiwi caracterizam-se em importante fonte de compostos bioativos e fibra alimentar, e adicionadas ao patê de presunto, não alteram a qualidade físico-química e microbiológica, viabilizando a sua utilização como ingrediente em produtos cárneos.

Paru en 1983, The Bone People, le premier et à ce jour le seul roman de l'auteure néo-zélandaise aux origines maories Keri Hulme (1947-), a profondément marqué ses lecteurs, car il a montré, de façon poignante et unique, une image d'Aotearoa- Nouvelle-Zélande, de sa nature rugueuse, de ses habitants et de la richesse de la culture maorie. À l'inverse, les poèmes et les nouvelles de Hulme n'ont pas reçu le même accueil et n'ont été que très peu étudiés, c'est pourquoi nous nous y intéressons dans cette thèse. Ces textes brefs laissent au lecteur une sensation d'étrangeté. Est étrange ce qui est hors du commun, bizarre, surprenant. L'étrange possède un caractère indéfinissable, si bien qu'il est parfois impossible de dire précisément ce qui est à l'origine de ce sentiment singulier difficile à cerner, parfois inquiétant. L'objectif de notre étude est de mieux comprendre et d’expliquer les manifestations de l'étrangeté dans l'oeuvre courte de Keri Hulme. Pour ce faire, la première partie ancre l'oeuvre de Keri Hulme dans des contextes historique, culturel et littéraire afin de mieux cerner les identités contemporaines multiples de la Nouvelle-Zélande et de montrer l'affiliation littéraire de Hulme. Dans notre deuxième partie, nous étudions les rapports de l'humain à la nature et au vivant non-humain dans ce que nous nommons l'écriture écopoétique de Hulme. Enfin, dans la troisième partie, nous nous intéressons à la représentation de la hantise et du blocage dans la transmission immatérielle. Nous analysons la manière dont l'auteure se sert des caractéristiques formelles du genre de la nouvelle, mettant à l'épreuve et façonnant sa forme malléable pour exprimer des maux néo-zélandais et traduire la rupture dans la transmission de l'héritage culturel. Nous démontrons que l'écriture de Hulme offre aussi une forme de fantastique, qui invite le lecteur à accepter l'inexpliqué et à voir que se trouver dans un entre-deux culturel – maori et anglo-saxon – permet d'adhérer à deux systèmes de pensée qui confluent et s’enrichissent mutuellement. / First published in 1983, The Bone People, to this day the only novel by New Zealand author with Maori origins Keri Hulme (1947-), had a tremendous impact on its readers. It struck them for its capacity to show, in a unique and poignant way, an image of Aotearoa- New Zealand, its rough nature, its inhabitants and the enriching Maori culture. On the contrary, Hulme's poems and short stories were not read with the same enthusiasm and have been the subject of very few studies. This is the reason why I decided to focus on Hulme’s short texts in this dissertation. These short texts convey the uncanny, which can be defined as a feeling of unease, strangeness and unfamiliarity. What is strange can also be incomprehensible, so that it can be difficult to understand the origin of this feeling of unease. The aim of this study is to better understand and explain the manifestations of the uncanny in Keri Hulme short texts. The first part focuses on the historical, cultural and literary contexts in order to grasp the multiple contemporary identities of New Zealand and to show Hulme's literary affiliation. In the second part, I study the links between humans, nature and the non-human in what I call Hulme's ecopoetics. Lastly, I focus in the third part on the representation of haunting and the impossibility to pass on the cultural heritage. I study how the author uses and challenges the characteristics of the short story, shaping its malleable form to express New Zealand wounds. I also intend to demonstrate that Hulme's writings contain the fantastic, which invites the reader to accept what cannot be explained and realize that being in-between two cultures – maori and anglo-saxon – allows to better understand two belief systems that come together and enrich each other.

New Zealand is currently the third largest global producer of kiwifruit and thus plays an important role in the international market. Exports of kiwifruit are also of significant horticultural value for New Zealand and in 2007 the kiwifruit industry accounted for export values of NZ$790 million. The global kiwifruit market has experienced substantial changes in recent years and is likely to change significantly in the near future due to developments in production sources, adjustments to trade policy settings and shifts in consumer preferences. The New Zealand kiwifruit industry needs to consider what the impacts of these changes might be so that future strategies can be constructed effectively. Little quantitative modelling has been done in New Zealand to consider the impacts of changes to the global kiwifruit industry. The major contribution of this research was the development and calibration of a kiwifruit industry-specific partial equilibrium trade model. The model was then used to examine the impacts on New Zealand producers of these trade-related changes in the global kiwifruit market. Three relevant scenarios were developed for this purpose. They include a drop in EU demand through the introduction of a stricter Sanitary and Phytosanitary policy, an expansion of the Chinese kiwifruit industry where production is doubled by year 2013 and finally a trade liberalisation scenario where current import tariffs on kiwifruit were removed worldwide. It is clearly observed, through both the Chinese expansion scenario and the trade liberalisation scenario, what a potential impact and future role China has as a world market player. Increased availability of Chinese kiwifruit appears to affect New Zealand producer returns and exported quantities negatively, albeit not as significantly as the EU introduction of an SPS policy. A trade liberalisation scenario, on the other hand, proves to increase New Zealand grower returns significantly for all varieties.

<p>Syftet med vårt examensarbete är att undersöka vilka förutsättningar som finns att arbeta med storboksmetoden och relatera dessa till hur storboken används på Nya Zeeland. Undersökningen är av kvalitativ karaktär och bygger på en kvalitativ enkätundersökning, intervjuer med fyra lärare samt en intervju med en förlagsredaktör på Bonnier Utbildning. Resultatet visar på de förutsättningar som finns för att arbeta med storboksmetoden i Sverige idag och dess ställning. Genom intervjuer med lärarna undersöker vi även varför eller varför inte de svenska lärarna skulle kunna tänka sig att undervisa utifrån storboksmetoden. Undersökningen pekar på de olika förutsättningar som finns att arbeta utifrån storboksmetoden beroende av skolans ekonomi, huruvida skolan är kommunal eller privat och skolans läge. Under intervjuerna märkte vi också att lärarnas pedagogiska arbetssätt påverkas mycket av skolans och samhällets kunskapssyn, skolans styrning samt lärarnas kännedom om olika läs- och skrivmetoder. Att storboksmetoden inte fått ett större genomslag i den svenska läs- och skrivinlärningen tror vi kan bero på lärarnas rädsla för att använda en metod de inte känner sig säkra på. Att metoden inte heller har fått framstående svenska forskare bakom sig kan även vara ett skäl till lärarnas skepticism. För att elever ska kunna lära sig läsa och skriva krävs en beredskap där läraren möter alla barn där de befinner sig i sin utveckling. Enligt oss är det också viktigt att ta i beaktande att alla barn lär sig på olika sätt och lärare måste vara beredda på att använda sig av olika läs- och skrivinlärningsmetoder, där de stora böckerna från Nya Zeeland kan vara en av dem.</p>

Syftet med vårt examensarbete är att undersöka vilka förutsättningar som finns att arbeta med storboksmetoden och relatera dessa till hur storboken används på Nya Zeeland. Undersökningen är av kvalitativ karaktär och bygger på en kvalitativ enkätundersökning, intervjuer med fyra lärare samt en intervju med en förlagsredaktör på Bonnier Utbildning. Resultatet visar på de förutsättningar som finns för att arbeta med storboksmetoden i Sverige idag och dess ställning. Genom intervjuer med lärarna undersöker vi även varför eller varför inte de svenska lärarna skulle kunna tänka sig att undervisa utifrån storboksmetoden. Undersökningen pekar på de olika förutsättningar som finns att arbeta utifrån storboksmetoden beroende av skolans ekonomi, huruvida skolan är kommunal eller privat och skolans läge. Under intervjuerna märkte vi också att lärarnas pedagogiska arbetssätt påverkas mycket av skolans och samhällets kunskapssyn, skolans styrning samt lärarnas kännedom om olika läs- och skrivmetoder. Att storboksmetoden inte fått ett större genomslag i den svenska läs- och skrivinlärningen tror vi kan bero på lärarnas rädsla för att använda en metod de inte känner sig säkra på. Att metoden inte heller har fått framstående svenska forskare bakom sig kan även vara ett skäl till lärarnas skepticism. För att elever ska kunna lära sig läsa och skriva krävs en beredskap där läraren möter alla barn där de befinner sig i sin utveckling. Enligt oss är det också viktigt att ta i beaktande att alla barn lär sig på olika sätt och lärare måste vara beredda på att använda sig av olika läs- och skrivinlärningsmetoder, där de stora böckerna från Nya Zeeland kan vara en av dem.

Dagens samhälle med ett allt snabbare tempo skapar ny teknik som blir ålderdomligt redan dagenefter. Samtidigt underlättar tekniken informationsspridningen. Detta ställer höga krav på skolansom ska rusta eleverna inför framtiden. Svenska elever är i nuläget duktiga i läsning i eninternationell jämförelse men antalet elever med läsförmåga över medel sjunker samtidigt somfärre antal läser längre texter. Denna aktionsforskningsstudie är ett sätt att utveckla och bidra medkunskap om hur elever upplever läsning genom en för gruppen ny arbetsgång där olika lässtilarinkluderas. Studiens frågeställning är: Hur upplever elever ett nytt arbetssätt i läsundervisningen?Genom samarbete med klassens lärare, som är medforskare, har ett nytt material introducerats.Materialet innehåller onlineböcker som går att läsa genom enbart bilder, enbart text, både text ochbild samt att texten blir uppläst. Eleverna använder sig av pekplattor och har fått bekanta sig medmaterialet som sedan utvärderats genom intervjuer. Introduktionstillfället och de enskildaintervjuerna har spelats in på video och observationer har utförts. Eleverna har visat sigengagerade och positiva till det nya materialet. Några föredrog att läsa på pekplattan och några iböcker. Några tyckte bäst om att lyssna till berättelsen medan andra hellre läste. Deras olika nivåeri läsutvecklingen har påverkat resultaten samtidigt som det faktum att arbetssättet har varierats hargjort att fler kan ta till sig innehållet i böcker. I sin tur påverkar detta den personliga utvecklingenoch att eleverna blir mer delaktiga i undervisningen ur ett specialpedagogiskt perspektiv. / In today’s society new technology is being created as we speak and is at the same time rapidly becoming outdated. Still, technology facilitates the dissemination of information. This puts a strong demand on the school to prepare the students for the future. Swedish students are currently good at reading compared to other countries but the amount of students who performs above average is decreasing and at the same time less students are reading larger volumes of texts. This action research study is a way of developing and contributing with knowledge about how students experience reading through for the group a new way of working where different reading styles are included. The objective of this study is to answer the question of how students experience this new way of working with reading. Through cooperation with the teacher of the participating class in the study, who is a co-researcher, a new material has been introduced to the class. The material includes online-books, which can be read using only pictures, text only, both text and pictures and also by the text being read aloud. The students have used touchpads for reading and have familiarized themselves with the material which later on has been evaluated via interviews. The study introduction and the separate interviews have been recorded on tape and observations have been carried out. The students have been engaged and positive to the new material. Some preferred to read on the touchpad and others in books. Some found it best to listen to the stories as other preferred to read themselves. Their different levels of reading has affected the results while at the same time the fact that the working methods varied has made it possible for more students to understand the content in the books. In turn, this affects the personal development and that students are becoming more involved in the education from a special education perspective.