With globalization and knowledge economy, although distance between spaces and obstacles to social and economic activities are reduced, does variation of space not exist in regional space anymore? Has effect of regional space on economic development changed? Many economic activities, especially research and development, still rely on face-to-face communication, but geographical link is still beneficial to technology sharing and decrease in cost. It¡¦s observed that research and development that knowledge economy relies on still emphasizes geographical link, localization of learning networks, and face-to-face communication, so clustering of high-tech industry is still popular in the world. In order to solve the abovementioned questions, this research reviews and discusses the theory and research of clustering economy, and analyzes the relationship between clustering of high-tech industry and innovation on the basis of Taiwan¡¦s cities or counties with last twenty¡¦s survey of industrial, business, and service industries. This research discusses effect on clustering of technology industry and its innovative variants. In addition, it¡¦s hypothesized that clustering level of technology industry and innovation of industry are interfacing with each other, in other words, it¡¦s hypothesized that variants as Taiwan¡¦s technology industry and innovation are interfacing with each other instead of being independent. The relationship between clustering of Taiwan¡¦s technology industry and innovation is investigated by 2SLS. The result shows that clustering of technology industry and innovative production have positive correlation, that is to say, clustering of technology industry is beneficial, and it¡¦s also beneficial to innovation of industry, so clustering of industry speeds up. Results of this research show that technology industry on this island has notable MAR professional dynamic external economics, implying that the more professional clustered one region¡¦s technology industry is, the more beneficial to one region¡¦s professional growth of technology industry is. The more noticeable Porter regional competitive dynamic external economic effect on technology industry is, the more competitive a technology industry is, and the more prevalent one region¡¦s technology is. Technology industry has noticeable human resource dynamic external economics, showing that the better educational background of one region¡¦s population is, the more growth of one region¡¦s technology industry will be. Clustering industry of agglomeration economy is the primary reason of formation of cities or space centering of economic activities, and it motivates innovation of an industry and development of a city. This research suggests that government should take advantage of clustering knowledge capital of space to multiply effect of clustering and knowledge capital to do space management in terms of future urban space management.

There were more than 16 new banks operated in Taiwan since The Ministry of Finance unlimited the bank licenses in 1991. Since then, the competition of banks have become very roughly. The local banks expect to reach the scale of economics and fit the global style by merger and acquisition. The purpose of merger and acquisition between banks includes: to increase revenue transfer know-how and establish the corn business. There will be existed that knowledge lost in transfer in the processing of merger and acquisition. How to ensure the whole transfer of knowledge? How to fit well in different organizations? Is there a better profit after merger and acquisition? The knowledge management is a key point. In this study we found (1). There are 5 items must be notice: information system, human resource, organization restructure, culture, risk management. (2). By the flow of knowledge management can increase the knowledge capital of bank and reach the purpose of merger and acquisition. (3). The item of human resource is more importance than other items. (4). The new name after merger and acquisition must be considerately. ¡iKey words¡j Merger and acquisition, knowledge management, knowledge capital, risk management,

In chapter one of the thesis, we incorporate shocks to the efficiency with which firms learn from production activity and accumulate knowledge into an otherwise standard real DSGE model with imperfect competition. Using real aggregate data and Bayesian inference techniques, we find that learning efficiency shocks are an important source of observed variation in the growth rate of aggregate output, investment, consumption and especially hours worked in post-war US data. The estimated shock processes suggest much less exogenous variation in preferences and total factor productivity are needed by our model to account for the joint dynamics of consumption and hours. This occurs because learning efficiency shocks induce shifts in labour demand uncorrelated with current TFP, a role usually played by preference shocks which shift labour supply. At the same time, knowledge capital acts like an endogenous source of productivity variation in the model. Measures of model fit prefer the specification with learning efficiency shocks. The results are robust to the addition of many observables and shocks. In chapter 2, I estimate a "Learning-by-doing'' model with "Learning efficiency shocks'' using Bayesian estimation techniques and real aggregate data from Euro Area. I find that learning efficiency shocks explain a large fraction of the fluctuations in the growth rate of real aggregate variables such as consumption, output, investment and employment. This paper is the first to estimate a learning-by-doing model with learning efficiency shocks for the Euro Area and analyses its business cycles. In chapter 3, We study the impact of COVID 19 pandemic on the Canadian housing market. The Canadian economy has been hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic like almost every other country in the World. The residential real estate market that makes a significant contribution to the Canadian economy however behaved far differently in the wake of the COVID-19 downturn. Unlike previous recessions, housing market recovered much faster and house prices steadily increased from 2020:QII. Since the pandemic has started, working from home (WFH) has become more prevalent. How important is WFH in producing large swings in house prices as observed in the data? To address this question, we estimate an augmented New Keynesian model with collateralized household debt and remote working condition. We argue that remote working condition improves the performance of the model, particularly explaining the house price dynamics in the last two years. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Magister Commercii - MCom / Nearly half a century after independence, the Cameroon economy has experienced little or no growth in per capita incomes in spite of the enormous natural and human potentials of the country and in spite of the huge packages of aid and subsequent debt relief received from the international donor community, suggesting a more profound cause to the development problems facing the country. Under the current WTO rules-based system of multi-lateral trade management, Cameroon, like other poor countries, is left with limited scope for effective implementation of industrial and trade policies that could bail her out of her present predicament. Against this backdrop, this study seeks to explore the fundamental determinants of sustainable growth within the context of the Cameroonian economy. While acknowledging the role of openness to international markets in promoting growth, its effects could only be maximised with the attainment of certain threshold conditions such as the availability of basic skills, provision of vital infrastructure services and public goods, and good governance. In a nutshell, for development to happen, the country needs not only well functioning markets, but also good governments that do not steal the fruits of workers' labour. Drawing on the endogenous growth models, the study suggests that incentives for investment in knowledge capital, for infrastructure provision and for good governance could bail the country out of its low level traps, setting it on the path of sustainable growth in an evermore globalising world economy.

This doctoral thesis consists of five self-contained essays.Common themes that unify the essays are the conditions for innovative engagements and the effort to endogenize innovations into the explanation of profitability, productivity and growthin manufacturing and service production. The purpose is to explore the importance of innovation in explaining heterogeneity in the performance of firms. The traditional analysis of the relationship between research and developmentand productivity is extended and developed by using, on the onehand, firm-level data not previously available and, on theother, a modern state-of-the-art econometric framework. Essay I. Methods and results are reviewed and stylized facts presented regarding the return on innovation. The limitations of the data and methods used in mainstream literature are discussed. A set of firm-level observations recently made available and a multiple knowledge production function analysis have been used to clarify the role of innovation in explaining performance heterogeneity among manufacturing firms inSweden. Essay II. The relationships between innovation and productivity among manufacturing firms in Finland, Norway and Sweden are studied. The main purpose is to investigate the contributions of firm-level innovation in creating the large observed differences in aggregated productivity growth between Norway on the one hand and Finland and Sweden on the other. Essay III. The focus of this essay is threefold. One, since innovation has been found to be a major contributor to productivity growth in manufacturing, we seek to find whether there is any evidence for the notion that service industrie shave a lower propensity to be innovative or that they are less efficient in deriving benefits from innovations. Second, we consider what real productivity growth does, and what the measurement methods do to produce the reported weak growthrates in services. Third, given that intermediate services have been found to be one of the fastest growing input factors inmanufacturing, largely reflecting the replacement of internally provided activities by externally produced outputs, we examine what the impact of outsourcing is on productivity growth in manufacturing. The essay brings a comparative perspective to these issues by analyzing the firm-level data on innovativeactivities and economic performance in knowledge-intensive manufacturing and service firms in Sweden. Essay IV.This essay investigates the sensitivity of estimated relationships between innovation and firm performance. The essay compares the sensitivity of results with regards to different types of models, estimation methods, measures of firm performance, classification of firms, type of innovations and data sources. The analyses are performed on both the level and growth rate of firm performance, and theinfluence of outliers is explored. Essay V. The role of capital structure and external financing in innovation and production is studied. Results from different model specifications are explored. A preferred dynamic model with flexible adjustment is used for an inter-country and an intra-country comparison of the determinants of the optimal mix between debt and equity as wellas the rate of change towards an optimal capital structure. / <p>QC 20100526</p>

L'étude théorique de l'impact de la brevetabilité sur l'innovation pharmaceutique révèle des relations ambivalentes. D'où l'intérêt de cibler l'étude sur un pays en particulier. La croissance notable que connaît l'industrie pharmaceutique locale, l'accent mis par l'Etat sur le développement de la R&D et de l'innovation pharmaceutique et l'abscence d'études antérieures sur cette question, sont autant de facteurs qui font de la Tunisie un cas intéressant pour analyser l'impact de la brevetabilité des médicaments sur l'innovation pharmaceutique locale. Après avoir analysé le potentiel d'innovation pharmaceutique endogène et exogène en Tunisie, d'abord, à travers une analyse descritive du Système Sectoriel National d'Innovation (SSNI) en Tunisie, puis à l'aide d'une enquête menée auprès des laboratoires pharmaceutiques locaux, nous avons construit un indice mesurant leurs potentiels de l'innovation pour en déterminer l'impact la brevetabilité. Les résultats empiriques montrent que la brevetabilité n'est une incitation à l'innovation que si la firme (l'industrie ou l'économie) se transforme d'une "imitatrice nette" en une "innovatrice nette". L'analyse empirique montre que l'industrie pharmaceutique tunisienne étant encore "imitatrice nette", à court terme, la brevetabilité des médicaments a un impact négatif sur l'innovation locale et apparaît comme une réforme "prématurée" à ce stade de développement. Tandis qu'à long terme, l'impact dépendra de l'efficacité du SSNI à mettre en place des moyens alternatifs d'accès aux technologies nouvelles à travers la création d'une dynamique d'attractivité aux investissements étrangers "innovation seeking". Les développements théoriques, les résultats empiriques et les enseignements tirés d'expériences étrangères suggèrent que ceci est d'autant plus réalisable que la Tunisie adopte une politique technologique plus ciblée et mieux réfléchie pour créer un véritable "marché" de l'innovation pharmaceutique, et ce à travers la dynamisation des interactions entre les acteurs publics et privés du SSNI. / The theoretical study of the impact of patentability on pharmaceutical innovation reveals ambivalent relationships. Thus, it is interesting to target the analysis on a particular country. The notable growth of the local pharmaceutical industry, the emphasis put by the State on the encouragement of pharmaceutical R&D and the absence of previous studies on this issue, are as many factors that make from the Tunisian pharmaceutical industry an interesting cas study of the impact of drugs patentability on pharmaceutical innovation. After having studied the endogenous and exogenous innovation potential in Tunisia, first throughout an analysis of the sectoral national innovation system (SNIS), then according to a survey led next to the pharmaceutical laboratories in Tunisia, we have constructed an index measuring their innovation potential and performances and determined the impact of patentability. The empirical results show that patentability is an incentive for innovation only if the firm (industry, economy) transforms from a "net imitator" into a "net innovator". The Tunisian pharmaceutical industry being at a stage of a net imitator, drugs patentability generates a negative effect on local innovation on the short run and seems a premature reform in Tunisia. However, in the long run, the impact depends on the efficiency of the SNIS in putting into effect alternative means to access new technologies by creating a dynamic of attraction towards pharmaceutical foreign investments "innovation seeking". The theoretical developments, the empirical results and the lessons taught from foreign experiences suggest that this is as much realizable as the Tunisian state adopts a technological policy more targeted and better thought in a sense of creating a genuine "market" for pharmaceutical innovation, throughout valorizing the human capital and boosting the interactions between the public and private actors of the SNIS.

Submitted by Priscilla Araujo (priscilla@ibict.br) on 2015-11-27T17:52:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 21267 bytes, checksum: 73e23c2acaaf13389e092bd813e3223d (MD5) Dissertação Mestrado Final Revisada Ibict Ilce - 05 JUL 2015.pdf_OpenElement&FileName=Dissertação Mestrado Final Revisada Ibict Ilce - 05 JUL 2015.pdf: 1186724 bytes, checksum: 9a9bcbb16a2ea0931dc700c864a8d5e9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-27T17:52:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 21267 bytes, checksum: 73e23c2acaaf13389e092bd813e3223d (MD5) Dissertação Mestrado Final Revisada Ibict Ilce - 05 JUL 2015.pdf_OpenElement&FileName=Dissertação Mestrado Final Revisada Ibict Ilce - 05 JUL 2015.pdf: 1186724 bytes, checksum: 9a9bcbb16a2ea0931dc700c864a8d5e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-20 / Pesquisa de natureza qualitativa/quantitativa, com o objetivo principal de analisar as informações sobre ativos intangíveis nos relatórios da Vale de 2013. A metodologia adotada foi um estudo exploratório com a abordagem qualitativa/quantitativa. A análise quantitativa dos dados foi feita por meio da ferramenta “software AntConc”. A análise qualitativa foi a abordagem metodológica usada para a análise dos dados coletados. Os resultados identificaram informações não explícitas de ativos intangíveis nos relatórios da empresa. Foi possível identificar informações de terminologias não usuais de ativos intangíveis relacionadas aos Capitais do Conhecimento. / Qualitative / Quantitative research that aimed to identify contributions for information on intangible assets in 2013 reports of Vale Company. The methodology adopted was an exploratory study with a qualitative / quantitative approach. The quantitative analysis was done through the AntConc software. Qualitative analysis was the methodological approach applied for data analysis. The results indicate no explicit information of intangible assets in the company's reports. It was possible to identify unusual terminology information of intangible assets related to the knowledge capital.

台灣的經濟主體是中小企業，而為培育具發展潛力的新興企業，國內自工研院創業育成中心於民國85年首創之後，已陸續成立了四十多個育成中心。育成中心是對有企業家精神之中小企業提供可以利用的空間、共同的支援服務，以及金融、行銷、管理方面的諮詢服務等，希望能夠對創業期，也就是最困難時的中小企業提供協助，以助其成長。因此「育成中心」此一觀念系統立即被有效的引進、吸收與實行，並已具相當成果。 本研究以國內育成中心此一創新機制，就其創立的過程，從國外育成中心的概念引進、國內相關機制的規劃與建立、開發主體的資源整合、對創業廠商育成服務的提供、到營運經驗的交流與擴散，將知識管理的觀念，應用在其活動中，嘗試來描繪創新育成中心知識管理的雛形。 本研究採個案研究法，以較早涉入育成中心事務的幾個單位—經濟部中小企業處、工研院創業育成中心、台大創新育成中心、成大創新育成中心、元智創新育成中心等為研究對象，希望探究以知識管理為內涵的創新育成中心如何運作。主要研究發現與結論有： 1.育成中心的概念主要來自國外，藉著到各國育成中心及其規劃組織進行實地參觀訪問，了解不同的育成中心發展的情境與實務經營的經驗，作為國內各育成中心規劃與發展的借鏡。 2.育成中心的建構，首先藉由「替代學習」引進國外育成中心管理之模式取得範例，然後再藉由「經驗學習」在過程中不斷吸收經驗並改進。知識的引進主要賴由大學育成中心所擁有的知識資源、管道與設備，藉由整合各種有形無形的知識資源來提供一個培育進駐廠商的環境。而對於進駐企業、開發主體內部其他單位、或其他關係人的回饋，育成中心加以分析或利用。育成中心維持在一個時常改變的狀態，配合實務營運的需要，不斷地變動其結構、作業程序、網路等。 3.育成中心的知識加值工作，依「人員互動依賴性」與「工作的複雜性」的高低，區分為：交易型、專家型、整合型、及合作型等四個類型。交易型工作為一般行政支援服務，育成中心將其制式化、標準化為進駐企業提供有效率的軟硬體服務。專家型工作乃是提供企業所需專業知識諮詢的管道，利用大學內教授、顧問或相關專業人員的引介，為進駐廠商提供各種知識的獲得與幫助；而育成中心也須對各類專業知識的進行盤點與聯絡。整合型工作以整合開發主體各部門與外界資金來源管道為主。合作型工作主要是跨機構組織、不同領域專業知識整合的工作模式，包括進駐審查與評估、整合專業知識資源進行輔導、擔任與政府或法令衝突時的協調者、輔助取得政府優惠等工作。 4.育成中心的知識流通可藉由：聯誼會進行經驗交流、不斷擴展人脈關係、舉辦研討會及座談會以交流分享、建立資料庫以數位化、範本化出版流傳。 5.育成中心的知識資本分為：人力資本、結構資本、與顧客資本。人力資本包括開發主體高階主管、育成中心經理人、各領域專家、教授、開發主體內高素質人才、人脈網絡等。結構資本是開發主體中的行政資源系統與無形的組織文化，協助育成中心的資源整合與運作。育成中心的顧客資本主要是進駐的新創企業與已畢業企業，在培育的互動過程中，得到他們意見的回饋與經驗的交流。

The theme of this diploma thesis is Knowledge Management that is becoming the focus of business companies. The theoretical part of the work is divided into several chapters that discuss the basic principles of Knowledge Management. The aim of this work is to describe the principle of knowledge management and create a basic draft of the knowledge base for the KPMG company. In the introductory part of the work, terms commonly used in knowledge management are explained. Further, the knowledge capital of the company, types of knowledge management and the related knowledge strategies are described. Second half of the theoretical part concerns the responsibilities, tasks and roles in knowledge management. The last chapters of the theoretical part describe the individual phases of knowledge management introduction in a company. The practical part of this thesis is focused at analysis of KPMG company knowledge management and design of a knowledge base that can substantially reduce the time necessary for completion of certain deliverables. The chapter concerns mainly with description of the system architecture of the knowledge base, that the author has designed for the KPMG company.