These master’s theses present the review of design support methods. Mechanical part design plays an important role whether company will succeed in market or will fail. In the first part I describe some systematical design support methods and tools, such like axiomatic design and group technology. From my point of view there are three measures of the design process: cost, quality and time, which are pivotal in design process. Regardless of the product being designed – whether it is an entire system or some small subpart of a larger product – the customer and management always want it cheaper, better and faster. Design decisions directly determine the materials used, the goods purchased, the time when it should be purchased, the part to be assembled, the shape of those parts, the product sold, and, in the end, the scope of management. In the next parts I describe main CIM (computer integrated manufacturing) elements and DFX (design for X) methods, and importance to use these systems and methods in factories. The development of the DFX strategies arose from the need to understand what is important after the design stage. Since design typically will set 70% of the cost of a product, it is very important to make sure designs are made with the correct objective in mind. In the case study I’m describing production of bikes. I propose some of the possibilities to make easier manufacturing, using DFX methodology. During this work I tried to apply theoretical knowledge about design... [to full text]

This master paper tries to analyse the structure of reading as a complicated multiple process, to reveal its components, to study the aspects of reading evaluation, text formation, the levels of reading comprehension, etc. Reading is one of the most important abilities the man has. At first sight it may seem as a simple and matter-of-course ability, but after studying it thoroughly it becomes clear that it is not true. Not only mechanical decoding of signs (reading), but also reading comprehension is significant to the growing, developing and mature enough personality. The problem of reading comprehension evaluation has been holding the interest of not only foreign, but also Lithuanian educators and researchers who go deep into this problem, try to carry out various investigations for the last decades. There is not much methodological literature about this topic but all the investigations that have been carried out to date are rather important and informative. United standardized test of reading comprehension has not been prepared yet, so teachers of the Lithuanian language try to create them themselves or to adapt tests prepared by others. The preparation of the valid test itself is a very complicated and responsible process that requires many efforts. Certain requirements are brought, so there were attempts to study the principles of the test formation during this research as in detail as possible, to check the reliability of the test in the different stages of its... [to full text]

Bakalauriniame projekte projektuojamas gaminys –„Atraminio ritinėlio konstravimas ir gamyba“. Nagrinėti šioje srityje naudojami konstrukciniai variantai ir priemonės, parinkta keletas galimų konstrukcinių variantų, atliktas jų palyginimas. Atlikti šio prietaiso pagrindinės detalės (veleno) techniniai skaičiavimai. Analizuotas vienos prietaiso detalės pagaminimo technologinis maršrutas, nustatyti jos apdirbimo operacijoms atlikti reikalingi įrenginiai, apskaičiuotas jų kiekis. Darbe pateikiama žmonių ir aplinkos saugos reikalavimai naudojant įrenginį darbo procese. Ekonominiais skaičiavimais nustatyta ir pagrįsta gaminio savikaina. / In the bachelor project designed product – „Thrust roller design and production“. Examine this area used to design options and tools, selected a number of possible design options that made the comparison. Perform basic details of the device (shaft) technical computing. Analyzed in one device parts manufacturing technological route to determinate it‘s processing operations required for the installation, the esstimated nubers. The paper presents the human and environmental safety requirements, using a work process. The economic calculations based on the product and the cost.

Magistro darbo objektas – įtikinėjimo metodai politinėje retorikoje. Darbo tikslas – apibrėžti įtikinėjimo metodų analizės teorines prielaidas ir ištirti įvairių politinės retorikos įtikinėjimo metodų veiksmingumą. Pagrindiniai darbo uždaviniai: išskirti, aprašyti ir suklasifikuoti įvairius įtikinėjimo metodus, naudojamus politinėje retorikoje; naudojant fokusuotos grupinės diskusijos metodą, ištirti įvairių įtikinėjimo metodų, panaudotų politinėse kalbose, veiksmingumą. Naudojantis deskriptyviniu, fokusuotos grupinės diskusijos ir kokybinės turinio analizės metodais, prieita prie išvados, kad įtikinėjimo metodai, būdingi periferiniam nuostatų keitimui, politinėje retorikoje yra veiksmingesni nei įtikinėjimo metodai, keičiantys nuostatas centriniu būdu. Fokusuotos grupinės diskusijos dalyviai įtikinamiausia pripažino kalbą, kurioje buvo panaudota daugiausiai periferiniam nuostatų keitimui būdingų įtikinėjimo priemonių. Tuo tarpu kalbos, kuriose arba vyravo centriniam įtikinėjimui būdingos priemonės (įrodinėjimas) arba buvo prastai naudojamos periferinio įtikinėjimo priemonės (prasta retorika) auditorijos neįtikino. Iš politinę kalbą sakančio oratoriaus auditorija tikis autoritetingumo ir sąžiningumo. Auditorijos dėmesį patraukti ir sukurti su ja teigiamą santykį padeda oratoriaus akių kontaktas. Dialogo imitavimo priemonės kontaktui su auditorija užmegzti yra veiksmingos tik tuomet, kai yra naudojamos drauge su balso valdymo ir kitais neverbalinės komunikacijos elementais... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Rhetoric – the tool of politicians seeking to gain public support appeared and was developed in times of ancient Greece. In our days political rhetoric still is considered to be powerful tool in political arena and even survives kind of renascence. Politician as any other professional is obliged to be skilled user of methods of political rhetoric. Municipality elections are coming soon in Lithuania. Public discourse is going to be filled of different political speeches, examples of political rhetoric, perfect ones as well as worse ones. Object of this work is Persuasion methods in political rhetoric. The aim of this work – to define theoretical basics for the analysis of persuasion methods ant to research the efficiency of different persuasion methods used in political rhetoric. The main objectives were raised: to define, describe and classify persuasion methods; with the help of focus group method to research the efficiency of these methods used in political rhetoric. The descriptive, focus group and qualitative content analysis methods were used in this work. The results of the research proved the hypothesis that peripheral persuasion methods are more efficient than the methods used for central persuasion in political rhetoric. Focus group agreed that most persuasive speech was the speech where most methods of peripheral persuasion methods were used. Speeches where methods of central persuasion prevailed or methods of peripheral persuasion were used poorly did not persuade... [to full text]

Darbo tikslas yra, pagaminti ultragarsinį lituoklį laboratorinėmis sąlygomis, skirtą mokymo tikslam. Apžvelgus literatūrą, yra modeliuojama kompaktiškesnė ir mažesnė ultragarsinė pjezomechaninė sistema. Sukonstravus ir pagaminus eksperimentinį pavyzdį, jis yra eksperimentiškai ištiriamas, tai yra, juo bandoma lituoti prie sunkiai lituojamų medžiagų, tokių kaip: aliuminis, stiklas, keramika ir saulės cėlės. Pateikiami bandymų rezultatai. / The aim of this – are CONSTRUCTION AND RESEARCH OF ULTRASONIC SOLDERING IRON. To achieve this, it was raised four challenges: 1) Examine existing ultrasonic soldering iron type, 2) Simulated ultrasonic piezo system, 3) Designed and produced an experimental model, 4) Experimentally investigate constructed ultrasonic soldering iron sample . After literature review is modeled more compact ultrasonic piezo system. Soldering tip is selected from a simple soldering iron, so all system is coordinated to it. Selected wavelength transducer, for the larger sizes, so delaying piezo ceramics from the fusing soldering tip. Designed and built an experimental model, it is experimentally investigated. First performed impedance - frequency and amplitude-frequency characteristics. Then, ultrasonic soldering iron is experimentally tested. Trying to solder, hard solder materials such as aluminum, glass, ceramics and solar cells. Then are presented test results.

Darbo tikslas - ištirti, kokiais būdais konstruojama “sava erdvė” Lietuvos ekogyvenvietėse (atvejo analizė). Tikslo keliami probleminiai klausimai: Kaip vyksta ekogyvenvietėje gyvenančių žmonių „savos erdvės“ konstravimas? Kokie veiksniai lemia naujos erdvės konstravimą? Kokios reikšmės sukuriamos konstruojant „savą erdvę“? Tyrimo objektas - „savos erdvės“ konstravimo ypatumai tyrinėjamoje ekogyvenvietėje. Baigiamojo darbo teorinis pagrindas paremtas antropologijos teorijos aspektu. Baigiamojo darbo metodologinį pagrindą sudaro antropologinio tyrimo metodai: neformalūs pokalbiai, pusiau struktūruoti interviu, dalyvaujantis stebėjimas ir stebėjimas, dienoraščio pildymas. Pagal oficialius Lietuvos ekologinių gyvenviečių tinklaraščio duomenis, šiuo metu Lietuvoje yra apie penkiolika ekogyvenviečių. Tokias vietas gyvenimui žmonės renkasi labai atidžiai, nes tokios vietos virsta erdve, kurią patys gyventojai gali užpildyti įvairiausiomis kultūrinėmis reikšmėmis – sukurti ją sau, sukonstruoti “savą erdvę”. „Savoje erdvėje“ ekogyvenvietės gyventojai siekia sukurti utopišką gyvenimo modelį pagal savo įsivaizduojamas taisykles ir patirtis. Priežastys, kurios skatina rinktis tokį gyvenimo būdą yra įtakojamos daugybės veiksnių. Nors stengiamasi atitolti nuo civilizacijos ir visuomenės, tačiau konstruojant “savą erdvę” savotiškai atkartojamas tas pats socialinis modelis. Antroje darbo dalyje, apibrėžiant „savos erdvės“ sąvoką, aptariami du svarbūs aspektai: pirmiausiai tai, kad... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Purpose of the project: to research what are methods of construction of own space in the Lithuanian ecovillages (case study). The issues which have been raised referring to the purpose: What is the process of construction of own space of the people residing in ecovillages? What factors causes contruction of new space? What values are developed during construction of own space? Subject of the research: peculiarities of construction of own space in the ecovillages under research. Theoretical ground of the final project is an aspect of anthropology theory. The methodological basis of the final project consists of the anthropological research methods: participant observation, unstructured interviews, informal conversations, fieldnotes. Data from the official website of the Lithuanian ecological settlements reveal that Lithuania currently has approximately fifteen ecovillages. Such places are selected by people very carefully because the places become the spaces to be filled with different cultural values by the residents, i.e. the residents develop and form their own space. Residents of the settlement strive to develop in their own space the utopian residence model in compliance with the imagined rules and experiences. Reasons to choose such lifestyle are influenced by many factors. Though the people strive to make distance from civilization and society, but construction of own space oddly repeat the same social model. Two important aspects are described in the second part... [to full text]

Sociologiniai žiniasklaidos aspektai: realybės konstravimas SANTRAUKA Žiniasklaida yra galinga visuomenės stereotipus kurianti institucija, todėl kyla klausimas, ar Lietuvos visuomenė yra adekvačiai informuojama apie įvykius tiek šalyje, tiek užsienyje? Ar visada žiniasklaida teisingai panaudoja savo simbolinę galią, ar visada jos veiksmai atitinka pilietinės visuomenės interesus? Lietuvoje žiniasklaida yra ne tik institucija, kuria labiausiai pasitiki gyventojai, bet ir vienas svarbiausių informacijos šaltinių. Būtent aukšti pasitikėjimo žiniasklaida Lietuvos visuomenėje reitingai, prieštaringas ir kvestionuojamas informacijos ir naujienų perteikimas bei noras pažvelgti į šią socialinę instituciją kitu kampu – ne skaitytojo ar žiūrovo, o žiniasklaidos atstovo, paskatino susidomėti šia socialine institucija, pabandyti atskleisti jos veikimo principus atrenkant, apdorojant ir pateikiant informaciją visuomenei. Šio darbo tikslas yra per spaudos ir televizijos naujienų atstovų patirtį atskleisti žiniasklaidos vidinę ideologiją ir kritiškai įvertinti žiniasklaidą kaip realybės konstravimo priemonę. Šiame darbe yra apžvelgiami žiniasklaidos priemonių – spaudos ir televizijos – bendri bruožai ir ypatumai. Nagrinėjamos sociologinės bei komunikacijos teorijos, analizuojančios žiniasklaidą. Aptariamos M. McLuhan’o, J. Baudrillard’o, C. McCullagh’o, P. Berger‘io, T. Luckmann‘o bei kitų šiuolaikinių teoretikų idėjos. Remiantis kokybiniais interviu su spaudos bei televizijos naujienų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The Sociological Aspects of Mass Media: Reality Construction SUMMARY Mass media is a powerful society institution that has a power to create stereotypes, that‘s why some questions arise: is Lithuanian society adequately informed about the events in the country and abroad? Does mass media always properly use its symbolic? Does her action always match the interests of civil society? Lithuanian mass media is not only the most trustful institution in Lithuania but also is one of the most important sources of information. The high level of mass media confidence, controversial and questionable presentation of information and events in Lithuanian society and the intention to look at this social institution from the other point of view – not from the audience but from the agent of mass media, encouraged to take an interest in this social institution and try to reveal its working principles in selecting, processing and presenting information to the society. The purpose of this work is to reveal an inner ideology of the mass media and critically evaluate the mass media as a mean of reality construction on the ground of the experience of mass media agents. There are reviewed the common features and peculiarity of the press and television. The common mass media aspects are analyzed on the ground of various sociological and communicative theories that are assigned to mass media. There are discussed M. McLuhan’s, J. Baudrillard’s, C. McCullagh’s, P. Berger‘s, T. Luckmann‘s and some others... [to full text]

Magistro darbo objektu pasirinktas politinės realybės pateikimas žiniasklaidoje. Teorinis darbo pagrindas – rėmų arba įrėminimo (angl. framing) teorija, nagrinėjanti individų ar organizacijų taikomas mąstymo bei interpretacijos schemas. Pagrindinė darbo problema yra ta, kad pristatydama politinius įvykius, žiniasklaida juos pateikia per savo prizmę ir konstruoja atitinkamas įvykio interpretacijas auditorijos akyse lemiančius rėmus. Ši problema nulemia darbe keliamą hipotezę: politinių įvykių nušvietimui žiniasklaida naudoja įvairias priemones, kuriomis auditorijai nurodo žinutės perskaitymo reikšmes. Darbo tikslas: pristatyti įrėminimo pagrindu vykstančio politinės realybės konstravimo per žiniasklaidą teoriją bei analizuojant konkretų politinį įvykį ištirti, kokiomis priemonėmis žiniasklaida kuria rėmus. Tikslui pasiekti pasitelkiami darbe įgyvendinami uždaviniai: pristatoma žiniasklaidos efektų tyrimų raida bei politinis žiniasklaidos poveikis, pristatoma rėmų teorija, jos taikymo žiniasklaidoje priežastys, veiksniai bei santykis su pačios auditorijos susikurtais rėmais, nustatomas darbe tiriamo konkretaus politinės realybės konstravimo atvejo komunikacinis kontekstas, tiriami nagrinėjamą įvykį nušviečiantys reportažai ir nustatoma, kokiomis priemonėmis ir kokia galima reikšmė yra kuriama šiuose pranešimuose, o taip pat analizuojama, kaip galimai nagrinėjamo įvykio nušvietimą priėmė auditorija. Apžvelgus teorinius rėminimo aspektus bei semiotinės analizės ir ekspertų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The object of this master thesis is the presentation of political reality in media. As a theoretical background of research a framing theory was chosen. This theory concentrates on analysis of the thinking schemes of individuals and other social institutes. The main problem of this thesis is that media informs about the political issues through its own prism and constructs the frames which determine the corresponding event‘s interpretations. This problem leaded to a hypothesis of the thesis: media uses various tools for political issues enlightement and these tools imply the possible means of reading a message and creation of meanings. The aim of this thesis was both to present a theoretical background of political reality construction on the basis of framing and to study the tools of media framing construction via analysis of a specific event. For the achievement of this aim the following tasks were raised and implemented: to present the evolution of media effects overall and its political influence particularly, to present the framing theory and the reasons of framing usage in media, to analyse the framing factors and its relation with the frames constructed by the audience itself, to analyze a context of the specific political issue presented in this thesis, to research the media material about this issue and to determine the possible constructed meanings in these messages and to analyse the audience perception of this political issue being communicated through media. Due... [to full text]

INTRODUCTION Relevance of the scientific problem: Individual experience of teachers, perceiving one’s self as an instance of the subject’s activities in the teacher career is becoming one of the pre-conditions for professional development. However, modern educology still targets at general requirements for a teacher’s work rather than his/her professional individuality. It is impossible to realise the new paradigm of humanistic education without the quintessence of perception of an educator’s personality, aim, content and characteristics of professional development. All this cannot proceed without an expression of professional individuality, which realises the humanistic potential of educating. Nevertheless, solving of such problems in educology still encounters a number of obstacles: the boundaries, fields and goals of teacher activities, the realisation of which depend on a teacher’s individuality are not sufficiently defined, because everything what is individual is referred to as a common element. A statement of Ušinskas (1983) that in teaching everything is based on a personality and “only a personality is capable/may educate a personality” also remains declarative (1983, p. 14). Processes of individual professional becoming of college teachers have not been researched, but they continuously foster interest of scholars as there is a growing tendency to assess a teacher in terms of his/her individuality, uniqueness and individual style (Pukelis, 2004; Laužackas, 2003... [to full text]

Relevance of the scientific problem: Individual experience of teachers, perceiving one’s self as an instance of the subject’s activities in the teacher career is becoming one of the pre-conditions for professional development. However, modern educology still targets at general requirements for a teacher’s work rather than his/her professional individuality. It is impossible to realise the new paradigm of humanistic education without the quintessence of perception of an educator’s personality, aim, content and characteristics of professional development. All this cannot proceed without an expression of professional individuality, which realises the humanistic potential of educating. Nevertheless, solving of such problems in educology still encounters a number of obstacles: the boundaries, fields and goals of teacher activities, the realisation of which depend on a teacher’s individuality are not sufficiently defined, because everything what is individual is referred to as a common element. A statement of Ušinskas (1983) that in teaching everything is based on a personality and “only a personality is capable/may educate a personality” also remains declarative (1983, p. 14). Processes of individual professional becoming of college teachers have not been researched, but they continuously foster interest of scholars as there is a growing tendency to assess a teacher in terms of his/her individuality, uniqueness and individual style (Pukelis, 2004; Laužackas, 2003; Leontjev, 1999... [to full text]