<p>Sweden has a long tradition as a mapmaking nation. Tens of thousands of historical maps,dating from the sixteenth century and onwards are still preserved in archives today, providinga rich resource for studies of city growth and changes in the landscape through time. For morethan ten years an effort has been made by public authorities to transfer this material frompaper onto digital media. Due to modern technology, as for example GeographicalInformation Systems (GIS), researchers have been given improved possibilities to study andanalyze this material. This study uses a qualitative approach, based on both literature studiesas well as map studies. It focuses on the usage of historical maps as well as the problems andpossibilities they provide, both generally in their original form and more specifically in theirdigital form. As an example on how to use historical maps in the analysis of a specific area,four maps of the town of Kalmar have been processed in GIS software to obtain an overallview of the geographical changes the town centre has undergone during a historical periodfrom around 1650 up to 1936. The conducted study has shown that although the accuracy ofhistorical maps is not up to par with modern ones, they provide a useful base in the studies oftown development. If the map studies are supported by examinations of historical literature avery good overview of either a long term development or a more detailed understanding of ashorter time period is obtainable. This study provides an introduction to the usage of historicalmaps in modern landscape studies and an example on what they can be used for.</p>

Sweden has a long tradition as a mapmaking nation. Tens of thousands of historical maps,dating from the sixteenth century and onwards are still preserved in archives today, providinga rich resource for studies of city growth and changes in the landscape through time. For morethan ten years an effort has been made by public authorities to transfer this material frompaper onto digital media. Due to modern technology, as for example GeographicalInformation Systems (GIS), researchers have been given improved possibilities to study andanalyze this material. This study uses a qualitative approach, based on both literature studiesas well as map studies. It focuses on the usage of historical maps as well as the problems andpossibilities they provide, both generally in their original form and more specifically in theirdigital form. As an example on how to use historical maps in the analysis of a specific area,four maps of the town of Kalmar have been processed in GIS software to obtain an overallview of the geographical changes the town centre has undergone during a historical periodfrom around 1650 up to 1936. The conducted study has shown that although the accuracy ofhistorical maps is not up to par with modern ones, they provide a useful base in the studies oftown development. If the map studies are supported by examinations of historical literature avery good overview of either a long term development or a more detailed understanding of ashorter time period is obtainable. This study provides an introduction to the usage of historicalmaps in modern landscape studies and an example on what they can be used for.

Projektet tog sin början i städers mindre konventionella infrastruktur, och fram växte en fascination för alternativa sätt att förflytta sig. Många transportsystem visades, historiskt, först upp på olika världsutställningar och hamnade snabbt i gränslandet mellan underhållande åkattraktion och del av en stads kollektivtrafiksystem. Gemensamt för de många okonventionella färdsystemen är viljan att på ett bättre sätt överbrygga en fysisk barriär, exempelvis vatten, infrastruktur eller komplex topografi. De är varken de billigaste, enklaste eller snabbaste lösningarna, men de är system som tar dig från en plats till en annan, på ett minnesvärt sätt, och med platsens förutsättningar och utmaningar som generator. Projektet resulterade i ett förslag på hur man kan skapa en fantastisk upplevelse, som fått födas ur en strävan efter att lättare ta sig mellan olika platser. Med inspiration från olika referenser, skapades på Kvarnholmen ett nytt transportsystem, vilket bidrar med oväntade kvaliteter på en plats som tål en ny stark personlighet, en plats som redan präglas av nostalgi. Johanna Lundqvist / This project began with an interest in less conventional infrastructure solutions, from which a fascination for alternative ways to travel emerged. Many transportation systems were, historically, first shown in different world fairs and quickly ended up on the borderline between fun amusement attraction and a part of a city’s public transport system. What many of these unconventional transport systems have in common is the desire to, in better ways, overcome physical barriers, for example water, infrastructure or complex topography. Often they are not the cheapest, simplest or fastest options, but rather systems that take you from one place to another, in a memorable way, and with the preconditions and challenges of the space as a generator. The project resulted in a proposal for how to create a journey to remember, a journey which has been born out of an aspiration to overcome a physical barrier. With inspiration from collected references, a new transport system was placed on Kvarnholmen, Stockholm, which adds unexpected qualities to a place that can handle a new, strong character, a place that is already characterised by nostalgia. Johanna Lundqvist

Avfallshanteringär en komplicerad uppgift, särskilt i städer där lämpliga utrymmen saknas. Staden Kalmar i sydöstra Sverige har en historiskt stadskärna som heter Kvarnholmen. Här finns flera utmaningar med avfallshanteringen, eftersom byggnader och gatunätet konstruerats i en tid med mindre avfall än idag. Avfallsmängderna ökar – i motsats till målet med EU:s avfallshierarki, som förordar avfallsminskning, följt av återanvändning, materialåtervinning följt av energiåtervinning och deponering som sista alternativ. Syftet med examensarbetet var att identifiera vilka problem och lösningar som finns för avfallshantering i trånga stadsutrymmen. Detta gjordes genom att kvantifiera mängd och typ av avfall insamlade från Kvarnholmen 2015 samt kvalitativa intervjuer med aktörerna. Litteraturstudier och intervjuer med andra svenska kommuner visade möjliga lösningar för att förbättra situationen och gav praktiska exempel för att reducera avfallsmängderna. Om sorteringsgraden förbättras kan återanvändning och materialåtervinning öka den cirkulära användningen av avfall – i enlighet med EU:s avfallshierarki. Utrymmesbrist förefallervara huvudproblemet. En lösning verkar vara systemskifte för insamlingen av hushållsavfall. Underjordiska behållare identifierades som den mest praktiska lösningen, för Kvarnholmen. Härav skulle utrymme skapas i fastigheterna för fler återvinningskärl. Den generella strategin för städer med liknande problem kan vara att identifiera lösningar för den berörda stadsdelen genom samverkan och dialoger mellan berörda aktörer. / Waste management is a complex issue, especially in urban areas with shortage of space. Kalmar town in Southeast Sweden has a historical city centre, called Kvarnholmen. Here waste management faces several challenges, since buildings and streets were constructed in times with less waste then today. Waste quantities increases – in opposite of EU waste hierarchy, which targets reducing waste, followed by reusing, recycling and incineration together with landfilling as last options. The purpose of this study was to identify challenges and solutions for waste management in urban areas with shortage of suitable storage. This was done by quantifying collected waste by type collected from Kvarnholmen and qualitative interviews with stakeholders. Literature studies and interviews with other Swedish municipalities determined ways of improving the situation and discovered practical ways of reducing waste. This enabling separating more municipal waste for reuse and recycling, increasing the circularly use of waste - according to EU waste hierarchy. Shortage of space was the main issue. Changing collection system for household waste appears to be one key. Underground containers was identified as the most practical solution at Kvarnholmen, creating space for more recycling containers. The general strategy for other towns facing similar issues, appears to be cooperations between stakeholders, working together on solutions. / Samhällets restprodukter – framtidens resurser

Climate change presents us with greater and greater challenges and stormwater is an important part of our future water problems. In some parts of the world the increase and intensification in precipitation causes strain on existing infrastructure while, in others, draughts are becoming more and more severe. Handling stormwater sustainably does not only gain the environment by controlling pollutant spreading, helping with flooding control and water reuse but can also have added values in urban areas if included in urban planning. Implementing green infrastructure and sustainable stormwater solutions creates jobs and are in many countries seen as the future way of handling stormwater. There are many different techniques and ways of adopting sustainable stormwater handling depending on the local problem and physical as well as economic conditions. Together they all have in common of creating added values when implemented. Increased biodiversity, improved air quality, reduced noise, improved growing conditions for urban trees and aesthetical values that have a positive effect on human health are just some of the positive added values of sustainable stormwater handling. The case study in this report concerns a new development on a peninsula in the municipality on Nacka, Stockholm. The recommendation is to adopt the approach of many small solutions that combines to a sustainable way of handling stormwater that not only solves the problem but creates added values in the living and working area. Stormwater is a resource that should be used as one in order to have sustainable urban planning.

Public procurement is often regarded as rigid, which is why competitive dialogue was implemented. It was also believed to give rise to technical innovations and to create beneficial buying conditions for the public sector. However, many people are sceptic of it, arguing that it does not meet the principles of equal treatment of suppliers and transparency. This thesis seeks to investigate the potential of competitive dialogue and to identify its main challenges. A study of Sweden’s first large infrastructure contract, the Kvarnholmen link, procured with competitive dialogue was therefore undertaken, as well as an extensive literature review. The results show that competitive dialogue is beneficial in several ways: It involves contractors at an early stage and encourages them to find the best solutions to the lowest price. The suppliers get to adapt their tenders to their competence and to take benefit from it. This is a model that seems to have a great potential to improve both public procurement and urban planning.

Detta arbete visar ett utformningsförslag på ett modernt miljöhus som skall underlätta källsortering av returförpackningar i samhället, baserat på arkitektoniska och tekniska funktioner. Arbetet grundar sig i de växande miljöproblemen som planeten jorden utsätts för, där källsortering och återvinning är två viktiga faktorer som måste utvecklas ytterligare för att kunna bidra till en förminskad klimatförändring. Studien baseras på tidigare framtagna teorier, observationer, enkätundersökningar och intervjuer med sakkunniga. Resultaten visar att ett miljöhus utformat utan fram- eller baksida och utan ingång, underlättar för sortering av avfall. / This work shows a design proposal of a modern recycling house, which is developed to ease waste sorting in a community, based on architectural och technical functions. The work is based on the constantly growing environmental issues that affects planet earth. Waste sorting och recycling are two important factors that have to be further developed to contribute to a reduced climate change. The study is based on previous produced theories, observations, surveys and interviews with experts in different areas. The results shows that a recycling house with no front or back and without entrance, makes it easier for people to engage in waste sorting.

A trend of temporary interventions is sweeping through Western cities in the 21st century. Being anything from art on street benches or small pop-up stores to street festivals, food trucks or urban farms, these expressions have recently been given more attention by the academic world and city authorities. Such expressions are often clustered under umbrella concepts such as tactical urbanism, temporary urbanism, DIY urbanism, guerilla urbanism and pop-up urbanism. In this thesis the expressions and the way in which they are organized are called Tactical and Temporary Urbanism Initiatives (TTUI). In the Swedish municipality Nacka east of Stockholm, a small peninsula called Kvarnholmen has hosted actors with short-term commitments during the summer of 2014; a project called Under Konstruktion. Situated at the site were an art &amp; exhibition center, a ‘magical’ garden, a food caravan, a night club and a festival. In parallel, Kvarnholmen is developing into a city district as part of a municipal aim to build almost 15000 new apartments over the next 15 years. The initiators of Under Konstruktion, Nacka municipality and the developer KUAB, have aimed to put Kvarnholmen “on the map” during the time of construction (among other intentions) and have brought in the above actors to realize this ambition. The thesis evaluates Under Konstruktion in order to answer the research question; what is the potential role and function of tactical and temporary urbanism initiatives within municipal planning and urban development processes in a Swedish context? Based on previous research and 11 interviews with project actors, it is discussed why TTUI should be implemented in municipal planning and what kind of knowledge and structures that are needed for an implementation to take place. Potential risks associated with TTUI implementation is also discussed. The evaluation shows that several ambitions have been achieved. The project was well-attended and a medial success but heavy workload and poor communication added stress and a negative touch. More involved actors and better anchoring within the municipal organization is suggested, and the cherry-picking of actors is questioned. Under Konstruktion has mainly been concerned with market strategic goals, which is not the main intention of TTUI and merely one piece of an urban development strategy. It is argued for that such a TTUI strategy in other locations in Nacka could possibly hasten gentrification processes. The thesis suggests broad TTUI implementation to recognize and adapt to global trends, basing the implementation on its advantages to rationalize land use, support creativity and diversify citizen participation processes. Such an approach have risks worth considering, for instance conflicts between actors, citizen ignorance or lack of bottom-up creativity. It would also be time-consuming, require resources and a questioning of municipal professions. Through the unique character of Under Konstruktion, Nacka has shown commitment to create vibrant districts, but not yet have TTUI become a significant part of its urban development strategy. With the current massive development in mind, implementing a short-term perspective cannot be hastened but step-by-step included to permeate the long-term strategic framework.