Depuis plus de cent ans, les Mossi du Burkina Faso évoluent avec les migrations de travail. Entre les travaux forcés de l’ère coloniale et les flux migratoires actuels, la migration est devenue une institution centrale chez les Mossi. Elle s’est imposée comme une solution aux bouleversements engendrés par de l’économie de marché, la dégradation de leur environnement et les tensions internes. Il s’est développé un système normatif qui soutient et qui perpétue ces comportements migratoires. Cette intégration institutionnelle a cependant engendré un affaiblissement de la gérontocratie et du patriarcat ce qui a déséquilibré l’organisation sociale « traditionnelle ». À partir de la méthode de l’anthropologie du changement social, ce mémoire propose une étude locale et diachronique des transformations générées par le processus migratoire. Il explique comment la migration s’est institutionnalisée, quelles sont les conséquences sur les rapports de pouvoir et quels sont les innovations, les résistances et les métissages qui en découlent. Ainsi, les migrations de travail devaient être une réponse à la crise socioéconomique vécue par les Mossi, mais par son institutionnalisation, elles sont également apparues être l’une des principales causes de cette crise. / For the past hundred years, the Mossi of Burkina Faso have evolved with labor migration. Between the force labor of the colonial era and the current migratory currents, labor migration has become a veritable institution for the Mossi. It has imposed itself as the de-facto solution to the cultural disruption of a market economy, the degradation of their environment and their internal tensions. An entire system of norms has evolved from this phenomenon and continues to encourage and perpetuate this behavior. This integration into their lifestyle has had the side effect of diminishing the gerontocracy and patriarchal nature of their society, resulting in instability with their traditional social organization. Based on the anthropological method of social change, this dissertation proposes a local and diachronic study of the transformations caused by the labor migration process. It explains how the migration has institutionalized itself, what the consequences are on the power structure and what innovations; resistances and cultural mediations have been created. As such, the labor migrations that were intended to be the response to the Mossi society’s social and economic crisis have become, through its institutionalization, the prime cause of this very crisis.

A migração internacional a trabalho insere-se em um contexto global e nacional, demandando o conhecimento das normas que regem o tema em questão. Em razão disso, o presente estudo tem como objetivo geral verificar a influência da Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT) na legislação migratória brasileira e se as diretrizes desse organismo são suficientes para a tutela do trabalhador migrante, levando-se em conta o Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos. O trabalho se utiliza da investigação dogmática, valendo-se das pesquisas bibliográfica - com a leitura de obras concernentes ao tema - e documental - com o levantamento das diretrizes nacionais e internacionais a partir do ano de 1980, período em que estava em vigor o Estatuto do Estrangeiro, até o advento da Lei nº 13.445/2017. Após o levantamento bibliográfico e documental, é feita uma análise entre os contextos internacional e interno, sugerindo-se o cumprimento das diretrizes internacionais por parte do Brasil, além da necessidade de se adotar uma postura ética em relação ao migrante a trabalho, tendo em vista este se tratar de sujeito de direitos. / International labor migration is part of a global and national context, demanding the knowledge of the norms that govern the theme in question. Because of this, the present study has as general objective to verify the influence of the International Labor Organization (ILO) on Brazilian migratory legislation and if the guidelines of this organization are sufficient for the protection of the migrant worker, taking into account Human Rights Labor Law. The study is based on dogmatic investigation, using bibliographical research - with the reading of works on the subject - and documentary - with the survey of national and international guidelines from 1980, when the Statute of the Foreigner was in force until the advent of Law No. 13,445/2017. After the bibliographical and documentary research, an analysis between the international and internal spheres is carried out, suggesting the fulfillment of international guidelines by Brazil, in addition to the need to adopt an ethical stance towards the migrant worker, given the fact they are considered subjects of rights.

Toujours plus visibles sur les scènes occidentales de la musique classique, les musicien-ne-s japonais-e-s évoluant en Europe constituent un phénomène social intéressant. Adoptant deux perspectives complémentaires - celle des «mondes de l’art» et des trajectoires d’artistes d’un côté, et celle des mobilités et des migrations de travailleurs d’un autre -, cette thèse vise à examiner la construction des carrières artistiques des musicien-ne-s japonais en Europe étudiées comme des trajectoires «transnationales» de professionnel-le-s qualifié-e-s. Comment se fait-il que des personnes socialisées dans une culture particulière, déménagent dans un environnement socioculturel hétérogène pour étudier et construire leur vie professionnelle et individuelle à l’étranger ? Est-ce que leurs trajectoires nous permettent de les classer comme des « artistes cosmopolites » ? Ou bien la construction sociale de leur carrière ressemble-t-elle davantage à celle des «migrants»? L’analyse s’appuie sur un matériau de 50 entretiens semi-structurés conduits avec des musicien-ne-s japonais-e-s dans leur langue maternelle et 20 interviews/conversations menées avec des experts/informateurs. En comparant deux environnements très différents, la France et la Pologne, j’ai cherché à neutraliser l’impact que diverses idiosyncrasies environnementales, structurelles et socioculturelles peuvent exercer sur la dynamique des carrières de ces musicien-ne-s. En conclusion, l’examen des modes d’insertion dans l’éducation musicale mis en rapport avec l’origine sociale des répondant-e-s m’a amené à distinguer quatre profils professionnels : (1) les héritier-e-s professionnel-le-s, (2) les héritier-e-s des rêves parentaux, (3) les ancien-ne-s élèves de brass band et (4) les pratiquant-e-s avocationnel-le-s. En outre, le matériel recueilli au cours de mes recherches a montré que les carrières des musicien-ne-s japonais-e-s opèrent sur plusieurs niveaux et que la "transnationalité" supposée – que j’associe au concept de « double absence » de Sayad (1977, 1999) – a été conditionnée par une combinaison de différents déterminants sociaux (origines sociales, genre, spécialisation instrumentale, systèmes éducatifs et possibilité de conversion du capital ainsi que les politiques migratoires, les marchés du travail, ou encore les arrangements de l’État de providence). Ces éléments ont en effet largement influencé et, dans certains cas, fait dérailler les parcours professionnels étudiés. / Japanese musicians arriving to Europe for the purpose of studies and work have become more and more visible in the context of classical art scenes, and they do not constitute a niche sample anymore. Combining two perspectives – that of the “art world” on the one hand and that of labour mobility and migration on the other, – this thesis examines the dynamics of Japanese musicians’ artistic careers establishing themselves in Europe in the context of “transnational” trajectories of skilled professionals. How do people, socialized in one particular culture, relocate to a disparate socio-cultural environment to study and then to build their professional as well as individual lives abroad? Shall these musicians be conceived of as “cosmopolite” artists? Or does the social construction of their careers bring them closer to “migrants”? This study is based on 50 semi-structured interviews conducted with Japanese musicians in their mother tongue as well as 20 interviews/conversations led with experts/informers. Comparing two substantially disparate environments, the French and the Polish ones, I aimed at distilling the impact that various structural as well as socio-cultural environmental idiosyncrasies have on career dynamics. In conclusion, examining modes of insertion into music education against the background of respondents’ social origins led me to distinguish four main career trajectories: (1) professional heirs; (2) inheritors of parental dreams; (3) brass band alumni and (4) avocational practitioners. Furthermore, the collected material unveiled that their careers are multilayered. Consequently, the presupposed “transnationality” – that I associate with Abdelmalek Sayad’s concept of “double absence” – has been conditioned by a combination of various social factors (i.e., social origins, gender, specialization, education systems and the possibility of conversion of capitals be it social or cultural; as well as migration policies, labor markets or structure of the welfare state in the hosts societies), which largely influence, and in some cases, derail the studied professional paths.

Submitted by Joana Azevedo (joanad@id.uff.br) on 2017-06-30T19:43:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert INGRID COSTA DIAS.pdf: 1436941 bytes, checksum: 47524feac1cbfdfd8210c85fa5059106 (MD5) / Rejected by Biblioteca da Escola de Engenharia (bee@ndc.uff.br), reason: Item rejeitado, pois a ficha catalográfica está fora do padrão. Atenciosamente, Catarina Ribeiro Bibliotecária BEE - Ramal 5992/5993/5994 on 2017-07-07T12:37:24Z (GMT) / Submitted by Joana Azevedo (joanad@id.uff.br) on 2017-07-25T19:36:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert INGRID COSTA DIAS.pdf: 1525309 bytes, checksum: 688fdff58f6e2f733a095a9810244c54 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca da Escola de Engenharia (bee@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-07-28T15:10:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert INGRID COSTA DIAS.pdf: 1525309 bytes, checksum: 688fdff58f6e2f733a095a9810244c54 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-28T15:10:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert INGRID COSTA DIAS.pdf: 1525309 bytes, checksum: 688fdff58f6e2f733a095a9810244c54 (MD5) / O anúncio da descoberta da chamada camada Pré-Sal no Brasil fez com trabalhadores de distintas nacionalidades fossem recrutados para atuação em território nacional. Esse movimento foi determinante para a constituição de empresas de pequeno porte especializadas em desembaraço do trabalhador estrangeiro no Brasil (migração laboral). Em especial, o presente estudo analisa uma dessas empresas, no sentido de oferecer uma análise diagnóstica e propostas de melhoria para o seu processo-chave – legalização do trabalhador estrangeiro no Brasil. O estudo está suportado por uma revisão de literatura fundamentada na legislação vigente e em livros, artigos e publicações científicas que relacionam as Técnicas de Mapeamento de Processos e MASP – Metodologia de Análise de Solução de Problemas. Como resultados obtidos, o mapeamento do processo foi realizado, as etapas do processo foram modificadas e algumas foram acrescentadas, o que possibilitou melhorias no ambiente de trabalho e a solução do problema apontado, o atraso para a legalização do trabalhador estrangeiro no Brasil. Desta forma, esta pesquisa pode contribuir para o avanço da publicação de trabalhos neste segmento e sugerir possíveis soluções para melhorar o desempenho destas empresas no Brasil. / The announcement of the discovery of Pre-Salt layer in Brazil made different nationalities workers be recruited to act in national territory. This movement was crucial for the establishment of small companies specialized in the foreign worker resourcefulness in Brazil (labor migration). In particular, this study examines one of these companies, in order to provide a diagnostic analysis and improvement proposals for its key process - legalization of foreign workers in Brazil. The study is supported by a literature review based on the current legislation and in books, articles and scientific publications relating the Process Mapping Techniques and MASP - Methodology for Analysis and Problem Solution. As results, process mapping was conducted, the process steps have been modified and some were added, which enabled improvements in the work environment and the solution of the identified problem, the delay for the legalization of foreign workers in Brazil. Thus, this research can contribute to the advancement of publishing work in this field and suggest possible solutions to improve the performance of these companies in Brazil.

A presente tese trata da lei de migração em vigor no Brasil, a qual adotou um modelo pautado na segurança, atração de migração de profissionais qualificados e praticamente nenhum critério de ingresso e integração do migrante sem qualificação. O modelo é colocado em discussão em um momento em que há uma tendência de crescimento da mobilidade internacional, de modo que se afigura mais do que necessário e urgente abandonar critérios ultrapassados de seleção exclusivamente baseada na nacionalidade, origem e qualificação, substituindo-os por critérios inspirados nos direitos humanos. Esse novo viés à temática migratória exige consenso bilateral e multilateral entre países emissores e receptores de migrantes. Um debate sério sobre a modernização da política migratória brasileira deve enfrentar questões como a igualdade e a ética nas políticas governamentais e maior integração entre os Estados com respeito aos direitos humanos. A tese busca esse debate a partir da análise dos conceitos teóricos sobre cidadania, igualdade, ética e direitos humanos, na tentativa de oferecer contribuições para a definição do modelo atual de política migratória brasileira e verifica, por amostragem, como estes princípios se efetivam no âmbito da União Europeia, do Nafta e do Mercosul. O objetivo é contribuir para a reconstrução da atual política migratória brasileira, a partir dos pilares humanísticos levantados com a construção dos direitos humanos e que resultaram nos princípios da Convenção Internacional da ONU sobre a proteção dos Direitos de todos os Trabalhadores Migrantes e os membros de suas famílias. / This thesis deals with the migration law in force in Brazil, which adopted a standard based on security, aiming to only attract migration of skilled professionals and has no criteria for admission and integration of unskilled migrant. This standard is placed on discussion in a time when there is a trend of increase of international mobility, thus it seems more than necessary and urgent to abandon outdated selection criteria solely based on nationality, origin and qualification criteria, replacing such standard by the integration of human rights. This new twist to the immigration issue requires bilateral and multilateral consensus among countries known as sending as well as receivers of migrants. A serious debate on the modernization of Brazilian immigration policy should address issues such as equality and ethics in government policies and greater integration among the states with respect to human rights. The thesis addresses this debate from the analysis of the theoretical concepts of citizenship, equality, ethics and human rights in an attempt to provide input for the definition of the current Brazilian standard of migration policy, as well as, a brief investigation on how these principles become effective within the European Union, Nafta and Mercosur. The objective is to contribute to the reconstruction of the current Brazilian immigration policy, from the humanistic pillars raised with the construction of human rights, which resulted in the principles of the UN International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their families.

Die vorliegende Arbeit basiert auf Forschungen in den Jahren 2007-2009. Sie betrachtet die saisonale Arbeitsmigration aus der polnischen Region Konin, wo die Arbeitsmigration aus ökonomischen Gründen, wie auch in ähnlich strukturierten Gebieten Polens, eine lange Tradition hat, die bis ins 19. Jahrhundert zurückgeht. Sie wird die saisonale Migration ins Ausland mit den ökonomischen, sozialen und räumlichen Auswirkungen aus der Perspektive des Einzelnen und seiner unmittelbaren Umgebung, aber auch der Gesellschaft und Herkunftsgebiet der Migranten betrachtet. / Mobility for economic reasons is treated in science primarily from the perspective of permanent resettlement. However, other varieties of migration are more and more often studied. This paper deals with the seasonal migration for economic reasons, which is an important area of migration undertaken for economic reasons. Seasonal migration, which leads to crossing the country borders, in the literature is called the Transnational Migration. Unlike international migration, which is usually connected with a permanent settling in the target area, the concept of Transnational migration describes the situation, in which migrants return to their place of origin and do not give it up as their main residence, but every time they travel to another country to get employed. As a research area of this work, the Konin region was chosen, because - in comparison with other regions in Poland - the phenomenon of a very high level of seasonal migration was observed there. Seasonal labor migration is a long tradition that goes back to 19. century here and in other Polish regions with similar structure. From the results of conducted in 2007−2009 research, some general facts can be drawn. Due to the seasonal work abroad, a seasonal migrant can increase their and their family’s standard of living. If the cost of living in the place of seasonal work is higher than in the place of origin, the profit of such visits is obviously higher if the family of a seasonal worker remains in the place of origin. This leads to the geographic division bet389 ween the place of working and place of permanent residence. Higher wages can be determined at the level of benefits to both personal and societal level. On the other hand, both forprofit workers and society in dealing with this phenomenon, costs cannot be ignored. This paper considers the pros and cons of seasonal paid work, both from the perspective of individuals and their surroundings, and the consequences for society and region of origin of the employee. This paper is considering economic, social and spatial consequences, each time at the macro and micro levels. The study was based primarily on interviews with several respondents and experts in the subject of Polish and German migrations for profit.

This paper analyzes how remittance receipts affect labor force participation and daily time allocation of individuals residing in remittance-receiving households of rural Pakistan. In particular, I use the first Time-Use Survey of Pakistan (2007) to assess how members of remittance-receiving households distribute time over market production and its complements, namely, home production, leisure consumption and educational investment. I employ the statistical technique of propensity score matching to find a comparison group for individuals residing in remittance-receiving households. My results indicate that impact of remittances on daily activity sets cannot be analogously identified across genders. Men residing in remittance-receiving households devote less time to market production and consume more leisure. Women, on the other hand, invest more time in home production while maintaining the same level of market production.

Depuis plus de cent ans, les Mossi du Burkina Faso évoluent avec les migrations de travail. Entre les travaux forcés de l’ère coloniale et les flux migratoires actuels, la migration est devenue une institution centrale chez les Mossi. Elle s’est imposée comme une solution aux bouleversements engendrés par de l’économie de marché, la dégradation de leur environnement et les tensions internes. Il s’est développé un système normatif qui soutient et qui perpétue ces comportements migratoires. Cette intégration institutionnelle a cependant engendré un affaiblissement de la gérontocratie et du patriarcat ce qui a déséquilibré l’organisation sociale « traditionnelle ». À partir de la méthode de l’anthropologie du changement social, ce mémoire propose une étude locale et diachronique des transformations générées par le processus migratoire. Il explique comment la migration s’est institutionnalisée, quelles sont les conséquences sur les rapports de pouvoir et quels sont les innovations, les résistances et les métissages qui en découlent. Ainsi, les migrations de travail devaient être une réponse à la crise socioéconomique vécue par les Mossi, mais par son institutionnalisation, elles sont également apparues être l’une des principales causes de cette crise. / For the past hundred years, the Mossi of Burkina Faso have evolved with labor migration. Between the force labor of the colonial era and the current migratory currents, labor migration has become a veritable institution for the Mossi. It has imposed itself as the de-facto solution to the cultural disruption of a market economy, the degradation of their environment and their internal tensions. An entire system of norms has evolved from this phenomenon and continues to encourage and perpetuate this behavior. This integration into their lifestyle has had the side effect of diminishing the gerontocracy and patriarchal nature of their society, resulting in instability with their traditional social organization. Based on the anthropological method of social change, this dissertation proposes a local and diachronic study of the transformations caused by the labor migration process. It explains how the migration has institutionalized itself, what the consequences are on the power structure and what innovations; resistances and cultural mediations have been created. As such, the labor migrations that were intended to be the response to the Mossi society’s social and economic crisis have become, through its institutionalization, the prime cause of this very crisis.

This thesis deals with the ethical standards that should be comply by Czech employers in the context of third country nationals' employment. The theoretical part is focused on labor migration and on the process of third country nationals' employment in the Czech Republic. It also refers to the main points of business ethics within the relationship between employer and employees. The practical part of thesis contains a general summary of current ethical rules that should be respected by employers. In the next section there is, in specific cases described the current state of ethical standards within the relationship between employers and interviewed employees, who belong to the third country nationals group.

This thesis deals with the issue of illegal migration in the Czech Republic and various approaches to its solution. First of all, it provides a complex survey of the problem. It views the problem in the context of international migration, labor migration and the legislative framework of the Czech Republic, as regards its relation to foreigners. The goal is to compare and evaluate individual possibilities of dealing with illegal migration from the point of view of governmental and non-governmental institutions, and to propose an optimal solution. The thesis presents indepth interviews with representatives of seven different institutions. It turns out that particular solutions of illegal migration can not be separated, rather they must be viewed in the context of all other solutions. The priorities of the fight with illegal migration are the following: cooperation with countries of origin, enlightenment of both, potential immigrants as well as their potential employers, getting rid of ``push{\crqq} factors in countries of origin, and elimination of the main ``pull{\crqq} factor which is the possibility of getting an illegal job in the target country. The main output of my thesis research is pinpointing recommendations and conclusions which should be considered when looking for an optimal solution to the issue of illegal migration. I also present a few hypotheses for further research. When looking for an optimal solution the crucial task is played by the high-quality discussion on both levels, the professional as well as the public one. I suppose that this work has enhanced such discussion, furthermore, it can enhance such debate in the future too.