This thesis consists of five articles that apply current world research on labor economics at the Czech Republic and confirms the significant differences between men and women in this market. It shows that gender has a significant influence on the preference on the labor market and, consequently, on employment and health. First, the thesis shows that preferences are relevant determinant of career and then we study the difference in preference of salary for men and women. Subsequently it shows that gender plays a significant role in explaining the relationship between homeownership, and unemployment, as well as unemployment and health. The first chapter was able to demonstrate that the preference for a career has a positive influence on the choice of career. The influence of higher education on prioritizing career proved to be positive and significant. Probability of a career choice is reduced by the presence of children, however, is not dependent on their number, which is contrary to the theory of preferences. The second chapter shows that Czech women prefer more non-monetary rewards than men. It has also been shown that people with university education are same in the preferences of non-monetary rewards regardless of the gender of the respondents, however, compared to the world's research, the Czech higher education increases this preference. It turned out that women prefer risk less than men. The third chapter demonstrates that although the housing market undermines labor mobility and employment in the Czech Republic at the regional level, therefore, that in regions with a higher rate of home ownership is higher unemployment, at the individual level, the owners of housing are unemployed are less likely. The estimates are significantly different for men and women. Men living in owner-occupied housing have a higher likelihood of employment than women. At regional level, however, this thesis shows that the high rate of home ownership increases unemployment for both men and women, in the long run only to women. The fourth chapter showed that men transition to homeownership reduces the likelihood of unemployment next year. For women, this relationship has proved to be insignificant. In addition, as insignificant showed the opposite relationship, the transition from unemployment to the newly acquired home ownership. The last chapter shows that the change in the working status to unemployment will increase in the future probability of worse health. Influence in less than two years, however, proved to be significant. An important conclusion is that men have a significantly stronger relationship between health and unemployment than women.

This thesis analyzes the impact of structural changes in the Kladno district. It aims to evaluate the impact of structural changes to the unemployment situation in the region, and if the region could solve these changes, or how to deal with them. The first one deals with theoretical concepts and approaches, followed by a brief outline of the historical development that led to structural changes. Followed by an analysis of the labor market and unemployment in the district of Kladno. Work gives a comprehensive view of the impact of structural changes in the unemployment rate within the region.

This thesis deals with the development of the labor market in the region Plzeň in 2001 - 2011. The purpose is to identify what factors and how much affect employment and unemployment in the labor market in region Plzeň. The author analyzes the time series on population, employment and unemployment in the region Plzeň of the portals CSO, Ministry of Labour and socials affairs. The work contains an estimate of the supply side of the labor market based on demographic projections in context with the impact of pension reform. Research is subjected to the expected development of the demand side of the labor market on which it can be expected changes of the requirements of employers in skills needs. Analytical investigation in this thesis is completed questionnaire to which they are subjected unemployed. Through deduction from the information obtained from these data sources is determined the expected development of the labor market in the region Plzeň, and his problems are not adequately addressed.

The thesis "Methodological context of evaluating the impact of the soft interventions from the EU Structural Funds: the application on the Operational Programme Human Resources and Employment" deals with the public expenditure programs as a tool for economic and regional policy. In connection with objective of this thesis, which is to evaluate the impact of soft interventions from OP HRE on the selected target groups, the thesis is focused on issues and experience with the evaluation of public expenditure programs in the Czech Republic. The actual evaluation of the impacts of the soft interventions from the OP HRE is made from two viewpoints microeconomic and macroeconomic. Based on the analysis there are identified the problems of evaluating the impact of the intervention on the target groups as well as their possible solutions.

The thesis tests whether the impact of immigration on native workers differs depending on the business cycle. Previous studies proved that labour mobility and the effect of immigration differs with respect to the business cycle. For the expansionary years was found a sizable relocation of native workers to occupations with more interactive rather than manual content as a response to immigration. This is no longer the case for economy in recession period. However, there is null impact on native employment that does not change with the business cycle. The results were found for Spanish labour market and the conclusions about the employment all were found also for American labour market. The European labour market has been studied just in the period before crisis. Following the study about Spanish task specialization we would like to see if there is any change of impact of immigration on native task specialization in European Union. We split the data on the time period of expansion and the time period of economic crisis using the European Labour Force Survey. We would like to examine the effect of immigration on task specialization of natives on three groups of countries, West Europe, Germany and Middle and East Europe.

The thesis is focused on the actual problém of the Czech Republic, which is the issue of unemployment and higher participation of persons over 50 years of age on the labour market, growing mainly due to demographic developments and prolonging retirement age due to the pension reform. Persons older than 50 years are a specific group in terms of the labour market, which has special characteristics and needs the individual approach The main objective of this thesis is to analyse the labour market of older workers for the period 2000 - 2012 in terms of 4 factors, which are - gender, level of education, specialization and territorial allocations and then compare the disparities of this labour market with the employment policy in the Czech Republic. This comparison will provide the answer to the research question - whether employment policy meets the needs of the labour market of persons over 50 years of age.

This diploma thesis examines the factors affecting the employment of people with disabilities from the perspective of employers in the local labor market in Písek. The aim is to determine whether the employment of people with disabilities is financially advantageous. One part of this work summarizes the legislative framework and comparison of supported employment in Austria and in the Czech Republic. Data analysis of four companies focuses on several criteria such as the amount of subsidies, staff turnover rate, other administrative costs and so on. Local survey represents opinions and experiences of employers. The benefits of this diploma thesis are the quantification of financial advantages and disadvantages associated with the employment of people with disabilities and proposals for institutional provisions.

Orientadores: Carlos Alonso Barbosa de Oliveira, José Dari Krein / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T15:19:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cheng_Li_M.pdf: 3595185 bytes, checksum: eea0dacaa1c90e56db176a406edb0942 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Três décadas de reforma econômica e abertura, a China tem vivido uma fase de desenvolvimento de transições econômicas de um sistema planejado para a de um mercado, juntamente com um padrão de desenvolvimento típico dualista. A mobilidade do trabalho de um controle restrito durante o período de pré-reforma a um afrouxamento gradual pós-reforma, juntamente com a melhoria de industrialização e expansão da urbanização, apresentou uma transferência de massa sem precedentes em termos de tempo, espaço, ocupação, indústria e escala. No entanto, a sustentabilidade de tal modelo de desenvolvimento do crescimento econômico altamente determinado pela escala da força de trabalho excedente rural restante. Com a fermentação persistente da generalizada falta de trabalho desde 2004, a diminuição gradual do dividendo demográfico atribuído principalmente à implementação da política de planejamento familiar desde 1980, bem como os atuais crescimentos contínuos dos custos de trabalho e a desaceleração do crescimento econômico, quanto tempo pode durar este modelo de desenvolvimento econômico baseado na transferência de força de trabalho, tornou-se um acalorado debate e agitação no campo acadêmico socioeconômico. Portanto, esta pesquisa adotou uma perspectiva de desenvolvimento econômico, através da análise profunda sobre as famosas teorias de transferência de trabalho rural excedente, estabelecendo o modelo de força de trabalho tripartite como a principal contribuição teórica desta pesquisa, e combinado 35 anos de base de dados da China, fornecer uma situação real da transferência de força de trabalho rural excedente chinês / Abstract: Three decades of the economic reform and opening up, China has experienced a development stage of economic transitions from a planned system to a market one, along with a typical dualistic developmental pattern. Labour mobility from a restrict control during the period of pre-reform to a gradual loosening after the reform, along with the improvement of industrialization and expansion of urbanization, presented an unprecedented mass transfer in terms of time, space, occupation, industry and scale. However, the sustainability of such development model of economic growth highly determined by the scale of the remaining rural surplus labour force. With the persistent fermentation of the wide-spread of labour shortage ever since 2004, the gradual diminishing of the demographic dividend mainly attributed to the implementation of the family planning policy since 1980s, as well as the current continuous growing labour costs and the slow down economic growth, how long can this economic development model based on the transfer of labour force last, became a heated debate and socio-economic hotspots in the academic field. Therefore, this research adopted a development economics perspective, through the profound analysis over the famous theories of rural surplus labour transfer, established a tripartite labour supply model, combined 35 years data base from China, provide an actual situation of Chinese rural surplus labour transfer / Mestrado / Economia Social e do Trabalho / Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

The aim of this essay is to gain a better understanding of the difficulties highly educated migrant women face in trying to find work that matches their education. Furthermore, the study examines the consequences failing to find a suitable job might cause. Stratification and intersectionality have been used as theoretical framework in order to analyze the way in which mechanisms of exclusion and various intersections influence these women’s work opportunities. The results show that language, age and priorities regarding family play a major part in the possible hardship along the road to a job matching that of their education. This also had a negative effect on some of the informant’s health, self-confidence and career. / Studiens syfte är att få en djupare kunskap om vilka svårigheter och hinder som gör att vissahögutbildade migrantkvinnor inte återvänder till en sysselsättning som matchar deras kompetens. Studien undersöker också vilka förväntningar kvinnorna hade om arbets möjligheter i Sverige samt konsekvenser som uppstår av att de inte lyckas återvända till deras tidigare sysselsättning. Stratifiering och intersektionalitet har använts som teoretiskt ramverk för att analysera hur utestängningsmekanismer och olika intersektioner påverkar kvinnornas arbetsmöjligheter. Resultat visar att språk, ålder och prioritering av familjen spelade en betydande roll för misslyckandet av att återvända till ett matchande yrke. Detta ledde till negativa konsekvenser som påverkade flera av informanternas hälsa, självförtroende och karriär.

To what extent does individuals’ personal opinions influence their professional behaviour? There has been an extensive field experiment on the existence of ethnic discrimination in the Swedish labour market. There are statistics data showing that people with Swedish or occidental-sounding names have an advantage over other ethnicities when it comes to being called in for job interviews. Similarly, the wage gaps between Swedes and other ethnicities are on the rise. Rising occurrences of ethnic discrimination in recruitment is an increasing concern in the Swedish labour market. This has significant implications for ethnic minorities and the prospect of a prosperous life.This paper was based on the study of the recruiters’ approach, perception of the phenomenon of ethnic discrimination. The purpose of the study was to shed light on the presence of ethnic discrimination in the recruitment process. Using a qualitative approach and qualitative interview as a method for data sampling, this study analysed recruiters’ attitudes and understanding of ethnic discrimination in the Swedish labour market. This study answers questions regarding societal norms and perceptions, which were found to play the greatest role in facilitating the spread of ethnic discrimination and stereotyping and categorising of ethnic minorities. These behaviours were found to be indirect discriminations based on implicit bias towards other groups. / <p>2020-06-08</p>