Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-09-12T14:09:09Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) MSc_Antonio Carlos de Castro da Silva_digital_12_04_16.pdf: 2938596 bytes, checksum: 9d5e96b489990fe36c4e1ad5a23148dd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-12T14:09:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) MSc_Antonio Carlos de Castro da Silva_digital_12_04_16.pdf: 2938596 bytes, checksum: 9d5e96b489990fe36c4e1ad5a23148dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-15 / A detecção prematura de defeitos nos componentes de linhas de montagem de fabricação é determinante para a obtenção de produtos finais de boa qualidade. Partindo desse pressuposto, o presente trabalho apresenta uma plataforma desenvolvida para detecção automática dos defeitos de fabricação em painéis TFT-LCD (Thin Film Transistor-Liquid Cristal Displays) através da realização de inspeção de imagem. A plataforma desenvolvida é baseada em câmeras, sendo o painel inspecionado posicionado em uma câmara fechada para não sofrer interferência da luminosidade do ambiente. As etapas da inspeção consistem em aquisição das imagens pelas câmeras, definição da região de interesse (detecção do quadro), extração das características, análise das imagens, classificação dos defeitos e tomada de decisão de aprovação ou rejeição do painel. A extração das características das imagens é realizada tomando tanto o padrão RGB como imagens em escala de cinza. Para cada componente RGB a intensidade de pixels é analisada e a variância é calculada, se um painel apresentar variação de 5% em relação aos valores de referência, o painel é rejeitado. A classificação é realizada por meio do algorítimo de Naive Bayes. Os resultados obtidos mostram um índice de 94,23% de acurácia na detecção dos defeitos. Está sendo estudada a incorporação da plataforma aqui descrita à linha de produção em massa da Samsung em Manaus. / The early detection of defects in the parts used in manufacturing assembly lines is crucial for assuring the good quality of the final product. Thus, this paper presents a platform developed for automatically detecting manufacturing defects in TFT-LCD (Thin Film Transistor-Liquid Cristal Displays) panels by image inspection. The developed platform is based on câmeras. The panel under inspection is positioned in a closed chamber to avoid interference from light sources from the environment. The inspection steps encompass image acquisition by the cameras, setting the region of interest (frame detection), feature extraction, image analysis, classification of defects, and decision making. The extraction of the features of the acquired images is performed using both the standard RGB and grayscale images. For each component the intensity of RGB pixels is analyzed and the variance is calculated. A panel is rejected if the value variation of the measure obtained is 5% of the reference values. The classification is performed using the Naive Bayes algorithm. The results obtained show an accuracy rate of 94.23% in defect detection. Samsung (Manaus) is considering the possibility of incorporating the platform described here to its mass production line.

Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-02-05T15:05:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - José Saraiva.pdf: 22991420 bytes, checksum: e836f2abfe79e26c39e991417f888d60 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-02-05T15:06:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - José Saraiva.pdf: 22991420 bytes, checksum: e836f2abfe79e26c39e991417f888d60 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-02-05T15:06:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - José Saraiva.pdf: 22991420 bytes, checksum: e836f2abfe79e26c39e991417f888d60 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-05T15:06:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - José Saraiva.pdf: 22991420 bytes, checksum: e836f2abfe79e26c39e991417f888d60 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-04 / Não informada / Data of institutions linked to the government, indicate that Brazil loses about R$ 8 billion per year to fail to recycle their solid waste, in this context, this work goes on to add with the willing objectives, by creating a business model for managing an industry of Contract Manufacturer for TFT-LCD Displays and exploring Services Remanufacturing and repair of LCD-TFT displays. All these products are intended for intermediate goods industry and services with the prospect of Adding Value to Sustainable productive chain, supply chain, providing Income and Employment generation to groups and associations on separate collection of consumer electronics, revitalizing , in a strategic way the trade balance of semiconductors components, today unfavorable, in the Brazilian and Latin American market. The methodology used aims to provide a holistic approach of the product chain, with the aim of having a better understanding of all gains, risks, advantages and disadvantages, with the purpose of showing the viability and sustainability of the proposed business model. Was examined initially, legal, environmental, social and economic aspects of electronic waste; then is presented a business plan for a company Spin-off, which proposes to build a remanufacture and repair industry, from products collected at the end of the life cycle. Glass with the deposition of the active matrix - TFT (ITO), is an essential raw material for business, will be availed from LCD Displays collected. Operations and strategies of the Spin-off Company are discussed starting from a sustainable value model, where the sustainable value generation is the efficiency of business processes, automation, acquisition of machinery and equipment, the production process design, in good management practices, knowledge management and technological innovation through the construction and improvement of new machines inherent Remanufacturing and Repair process, thus ensuring a high level of reuse of this raw material/waste, providing reintegration as intermediate good in the product life cycle, bringing financial benefits for cooperatives, professionalization of the cooperative members, maximizing the number of product collected with low loss of raw materials / process waste salvageable besides development actions related to the social aspects of sustainable development in the context of the Triple Bottom Line. / Dados de instituições ligadas ao governo, indicam que o Brasil perde cerca de R$ 8 bilhões por ano ao deixar de reciclar seus resíduos sólidos(IPEA), neste contexto, este trabalho passa a ganhar força de acordo com os objetivos dispostos, que são respectivamente, o de criar um modelo de negócios que opere uma empresa no formato Contract Manufacturer em Dispositivos de telas de LCD de matriz ativa e a exploração de Serviços de Remanufatura e Reparo de Displays de LCD-TFT. Todos esses produtos, destinam-se a indústria de bens intermediários e assistências técnicas, com a perspectiva de Agregar Valor Sustentável a cadeia produtiva, cadeia de suprimentos, proporcionando a Geração de Emprego e Renda aos grupos e associações de coleta seletiva de produtos eletroeletrônicos, revitalizando, de forma estratégica, a balança comercial de componentes semicondutores, hoje desfavorável, no mercado brasileiro e latino americano. A metodologia empregada, busca proporcionar uma visão holística da cadeia do produto, com o propósito de haver um melhor entendimento de todos os ganhos, riscos, vantagens e desvantagens, mostrando a viabilidade e a sustentabilidade do modelo de negócios proposto. Examinam-se inicialmente, os aspectos legais, ambientais, econômicos e sociais dos resíduos eletroeletrônicos; depois, apresenta-se um plano de negócios de uma empresa Spin-off, que se propõe a construir uma indústria de remanufatura e reparo, a partir de produtos coletados em final do ciclo de vida. O estado da arte, toma como base o Vidro com deposição da matriz ativa – TFT, que é o insumo essencial para o negócio, aproveitado a partir das telas de LCD coletadas. As operações e estratégias da empresa Spin-off, são discutidas à luz de um modelo de valor sustentável, trazendo ganhos financeiros para as cooperativas, profissionalização dos cooperados, maximização da quantidade de produtos coletados, proporcionando baixa perda de insumos/resíduos aproveitáveis ao processo, além de desenvolver ações ligadas aos aspectos sociais do desenvolvimento sustentável, no contexto do Triple Bottom Line.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul / Because of the constant introduction of new technologies to market growth of electronic waste generation has gained importance on the world stage, among these residues are cell phones. Deliver useful life increasingly short. Mobile phones are made up of several components, including LCD screens. In these screens there is a mixture of indium oxide (In) and tin (Sn), known as ITO, which 80-90% consists of In and 10-20% by Sn. There are already several studies that show ideal conditions for comminution and leaching of LCD screens, therefore, this study aims to establish an effective method for concentrating In present in aqueous solution coming from the acid leaching processes and thus regain In the form metal. Tests were conducted electrodialysis (ED), using synthetic solution In2(SO4)3 in order to work with a more environmentally acceptable method. Thus, initially tested for different current densities in a time of 120 minutes, monitoring pH and conductivity and varying the concentration of In every 30 minutes. The In concentration was determined by atomic absorption (AAS). The optimal current density was 0.96 mA/cm2, where was obtained 62.77% current efficiency. After setting the optimal current density applied in the same test of 131 hours, which resulted in a concentration of 521 mg/L In. Despite the use of electrodialysis have been able to concentrate the solution, the value of 521 mg/L is still not enough to recover In for electrowinning. Thus, we apply the solvent extraction method. Was used as DEHPA extractant diluted in commercial kerosene and evaluated the best contact time between the aqueous phase (A) and organic (O), pH, ratio A:O, better DEHPA concentration in the organic phase. For stripping evaluated the best molar concentration of HCl, relative A:O and contact time between phases. The best conditions laid down have been applied in real solution In, obtained leaching LCD screens, with concentration 32.44 mg/L. The best conditions are obtained in the extraction ratio A:O of 40:1, in 20 minutes, at pH 0,5 e obtained a 96,67% efficiency applied after the stripping in the loaded organic solution with In, with respect to 1:10 with concentration of HCl 4M in 10 minutes, resulting in a efficiency of 61,10% and concentration of 7,712 g/L In. Also performed were tests electrowinning (EO) evaluated three different current densities, and 150 A/m² was obtained a 50.71% efficiency at a concentration of 7 g/L. Therefore, two further phases in In recovery process were developed in recovering In its metallic form giving opportunity for new applications, reducing the consumption of natural resources. / Devido a constante introdução de novas tecnologias no mercado, o crescimento da geração de resíduos eletroeletrônicos tem ganhado importância no cenário mundial, dentre esses resíduos estão os telefones celulares. Estes equipamentos apresentam um tempo de vida útil cada vez mais curto. Os celulares são constituídos por diversos componentes, dentre eles as telas de LCD. Nessas telas há uma mistura de óxido de índio (In) e estanho (Sn), conhecida como ITO, onde de 80-90% é composta por In e 10-20% por Sn. Já existem diversos estudos que mostram condições ideais para cominuição e lixiviação das telas de LCD, assim sendo, este trabalho tem por objetivo estabelecer um método eficaz para concentrar o In presente em solução aquosa oriunda dos processos de lixiviação ácida e assim recuperar o In na forma metálica. Foram realizados testes de eletrodiálise (ED), utilizando solução sintética de In2(SO4)3, a fim de trabalhar com um método mais ambientalmente aceitável. Desta forma, inicialmente testou-se diferentes densidades de corrente em um tempo de 120 minutos, monitorando pH e condutividade e variação da concentração do In a cada 30 minutos. A concentração de In foi determinada por absorção atômica (AAS). A densidade de corrente mais adequada dentro das condições experimentais foi de 0,96 mA/cm2, onde se obteve 62,77% de eficiência de corrente. Após a definição da densidade de corrente ideal aplicou-se a mesma num ensaio de 131 horas, onde resultou em uma concentração 521 mg/L de In. Apesar do emprego da eletrodiálise ter conseguido concentrar a solução, o valor de 521 mg/L ainda não é suficiente para recuperar o In por eletro-obtenção. Desta forma, aplicou-se o método de extração por solventes. Utilizou-se como extrator DEHPA diluído em querosene comercial e avaliou-se o melhor tempo de contato entre as fases aquosa (A) e orgânica (O), pH, relação A:O, melhor concentração de DEHPA na fase orgânica. Para a re-extração avaliou-se a melhor concentração molar de HCl, relação A:O e tempo de contato entre as fases. As melhores condições estabelecidas foram aplicadas em solução real de In, obtida de lixiviação de telas de LCD, com concentração 32,44 mg/L. As melhores condições obtidas foram na extração a relação A:O de 40:1, em 20 minutos, com pH 0,5 e obteve-se uma eficiência de 96,67%, após aplicou-se a re-extração na solução orgânica carregada com o In, com relação de 1:10, HCl com concentração 4 M em 10 minutos, resultando em uma eficiência de 61,10% e uma concentração de 7,712 g/L de In. Também foram realizados testes de eletro-obtenção (EO), avaliando três diferentes densidades de corrente, sendo que com 150 A/m² obteve-se uma eficiência de 50,71%, com concentração de 7 g/L. Sendo assim, duas novas etapas no processo de recuperação de In foram desenvolvidas, recuperando In em sua forma metálica dando oportunidade para novas aplicações, reduzindo o consumo de recursos naturais.

This work is focused to digital handheld oscilloscope. Input circuits are solved by analog devices. DSP (Texas Instruments company) will be used for fast processing of signals from output A/D convertors. LCD display with touch screen is used for interaction with user. The result will be fully functional device. It would measure voltage waveforms within the scope from tens mV to tens V with transmission bandwith from direct-current signal up to tens of MHz

This thesis project describes the design and construction of an automated system for maintaining live conditions in aquarium. The main purpose of the system is to automate certain procedures and to ensure control of important environmental parameters of artificial breeding of aquarium animals and plants. The device regulates lighting, temperature, CO2 concentration and other parameters. The LCD with touch screen is used to system control and to display measured values.

面對經營疆界( Business Boundary)越趨模糊的新世代，高科技電子消費性終端產業不斷展現誘人商機；隨著傳統映像管電視機式微，取而代之的薄型電視機進入市場，關鍵組件及軟體等科技研發競賽不斷推陳出新，刺激需求；原家電品牌(製造服務)業者主宰整個電視機產業，如今卻面臨強烈挑戰；覬覦液晶電視機(LCD TV)快速引爆市場需求，成長力道強勁並快速整合產業加值鏈，各業者競爭激烈，積極進場，甚至Electronic Manufacturing Service(EMS)大廠、資通訊業者等皆企圖搶奪液晶電視機市場。 液晶電視機產業能夠快速席捲市場，主要歸功於相關產業，積極投入研發與佈局，特別在投資新代線LCD面板廠、視訊晶片(IC)及設計代工的快速帶動下，讓產業加值鏈呈現蓬勃發展；而台商在此加值鏈佔有最重要的產業群聚。 從2009年德國柏林IFA、2010年美國CES Show、Computex等展覽中觀察到世界大廠不斷在技術研發向前推進；科技浪頭的百家爭鳴，似乎引領電視機產業來到一個不連續又不斷變動的競爭氛圍。在面臨產品生命週期短促、面板價格波動劇烈、多重廣播標準與門檻及終端市場需求變化巨大的經營挑戰下，產業加值鏈持續透過整合或外包策略因應；本研究個案廠商，考量資源分享極大化以提高競爭力，大多在此階段同時選擇代工(OEM/ODM)與自有品牌經營(OBM)。 本研究藉由文獻蒐集與個案深度訪談，得到來自不同資源基礎的四類個案廠商中，無論是選擇代工或自有品牌為主的商業模式，皆在任一模式佔總營收比重超過80%時，雖然產生部份限制，但從企業追求競爭力的角度來探討「驅動力」，其在降低成本、提高營業利益、養成關鍵技術Know-How、經營顧客服務等將展現最佳營運能量與效率；進一步就商業利益的角度檢視「平衡點」，其對於提高市場佔有率、構築自有品牌、經營顧客關係等亦將呈現效益最佳化。 至於，選擇代工與品牌並重之個案公司，則陷入較為不利之經營局面；然而，若能調整以自有品牌經營為主，與代工做切割，在創新能力、整體(含音質與畫質)設計能力等做到最具精緻特色，此亦極有機會先穩固區域品牌經營，再伺機擴張。最後對個案廠商未來發展做出策略建議，以及後續研究之方向，期為業界在強化競爭力與提高營業利益等經營議題，提供參考。 / The rapid penetration of Slim-Type TV with the price decline which is raised by the great progress of LCD related technology and increasing huge investment on new generation Fab. Taiwanese firms play significant roles in this worldwide prosperity and firmly integration at all-stream for a strong supply chain. As supply chain players keep implementing integration strategy to catch up with the cross-boundary opportunities, various business models have emerged. To address this phenomenon, a novel two-phase analytic framework was conducted to study the driving force and balance condition of Taiwan LCD TV vendors’ contract manufacturing (OEM)/OBM Model Choice. Through case-study and secondary data collection, we found that while facing tough business environment, Most of Taiwan LCD TV firms with different resource-bases , have choose both OEM/ODM and OBM to achieve economic scale for revenue increasing. Also, it’s a way to do cost reduction by sharing the resources. However, this study yielded different results when four-case companies implementing both OEM/ODM and OBM strategy, we found that if no appropriate resource allocation and right people/mechanism, increase another business model to existing model will bring the reverse effect. This paper finally concluded that different resource bases companies should consider various driving force and transform to the most suited business model through continue leveraging their own competences to catch the transient market opportunities.

目前管理文獻對於智慧資源規劃的探討仍著重在概念及方法的釐清和探索，因此本研究欲以智慧資源規劃觀點，進行TFT-LCD產業的實證研究，以冀能對政府產業政策與產業經營者提供具體的產業智慧資源規劃策略，促進TFT-LCD產業的良性發展。 在研究方法上，本研究先探討智慧資源規劃策略，並分析智慧資源規劃之產業策略效益，進而提供產業政策與企業決策參考。其次界定智慧資源規劃的重要因素，建立智慧資源規劃之重要構面，以建立與實施智慧資源規劃策略。最後選擇TFT-LCD產業作為實證研究，提供智慧資源規劃之理論和實務連結的參考。 □□在研究結果上，台灣產業應積極建構上游設備、原物料和關鍵零組件的供應鏈，並需建立緊密的品牌及通路的聯盟關係。因應TFT-LCD產業必須面對的智慧財產權成本與風險，智慧財產權之佈署和經營，也必須連結到產業結構、供應鏈和價值鏈之上中下游關係。在產業政策上，政府應積極提高上游零組件自製比率與發展設備產業，對於西進大陸議題，政府的產業政策似應採取更積極開放的管理措施。同時政府應協助企業建立智慧財產交易和管理相關的技術資料庫與市場資料庫，並積極培育進行國際智慧財產侵權訴訟的專業法律與管理人才，才能提升台灣TFT-LCD產業的國際競爭力， □□b後續的研究中，可進行台灣、韓國、日本及大陸的跨國研究和產業政策分析，而跨時間及地域的產業實證研究，將可對TFT-LCD產業有深入的觀察與分析。至於各企業的專利佈局與專利訴訟策略，需進行產品結構與技術結構和專利訴訟策略與專利策略聯盟的深入分析 / This thesis would like to initiate TFT LCD industry empirical research from the point of intellectual resource planning to provide solid industry intellectual resource planning strategy for industry policy and enterprise decision maker. As to the research result, Taiwan TFT LCD industry shall establish the supply chain of equipment, raw material and key component and organize close alliance of brand and channel. Responding to TFT industry high intellectual property cost and risk, the management and arrangement of intellectual property shall be linked to upstream and down stream of industry structure、supply chain and value chain. As to industry policy, the government shall aggressively enhance the self-manufacturing rate of key component and develop equipment industry. Dealing with China investment policy, the government shall adopt more aggressive management attitude and help enterprise to build up the market and technology database of intellectual property transaction and management. Besides, the government shall assist enterprise to train professional law and management of international intellectual property dispute to enhance international competitiveness of Taiwan TFT LCD industry. In the following research, may initiate transnational research and industry analysis of Taiwan, Mainland China, Japan and Korea and it would be helpful to deeply analyze the development of TFT LCD industry. As to the patent arrangement and patent lawsuit strategy of respective major companies, it is necessary to analyze product, technology structure, patent alliance and patent lawsuit strategy.

The aim of the project is to design a concept of function generator with digital synthesis. The device will be controlled using microprocessor which allows synthesizing basic functions (sin, square, raw) as well as arbitrary functions stored in memory. User friendly graphical interface will be controlled by keyboard and rotary switch (IRC). The work emphasizes correct selection of DDS clock source, circuit elements and proper application of signal filtration method with attention to low distortion and low output phase noise.

This diploma thesis deal with design and realization of demonstration board for RFID system. In the begining is described theory of this system. Next part is about theory of solutions and used components. Next is about practical realization demoboard and control program in C language.

Master's thesis deals with a design of the thermostat for biological experiments considering 2l of volume, with capability of setting up required temperature between 20-40 degree Celsius and related accuracy of measurement +/- 1 degree Celsius. Following chapters are one by one described and properly explained from possible ways of measuring temperature to final implementation. Result of the thesis presents necessarily calculations, discussion of module's performance modeling, schematics together with PCB's design and the list of components. Neither the question of software nor possibilities of realization is neglected.