Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T16:27:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo5554_1.pdf: 2047824 bytes, checksum: 54ca4cb842d58c11cc5d9053aa16d213 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Introdução: Obesidade é um dos grandes problemas de saúde no mundo. A gastroplastia em Y de Roux (GYR) é na atualidade o padrão ouro de tratamento para obesidade grave. Cirurgia em paciente obeso tem níveis aceitáveis de morbidade e mortalidade. O paciente superobeso, uma subcategoria de pacientes obesos graves com elevado risco cirúrgico, não foi ainda bem analisado como um grupo. Objetivo: Determinar a associação entre os fatores de risco e a presença de complicações leves, complicações graves e óbito em pacientes superobesos submetidos a GYR. Casuística e Métodos: Um coorte ambidirecional foi realizado em 135 pacientes submetidos a GYR para tratamento de obesidade grave no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco no período de Novembro de 1997 a Setembro de 2003. As variáveis independentes foram os possíveis fatores de risco para falha nos resultados: idade, sexo, peso, índice de massa corpórea (IMC), diabetes, hipertensão, hipercolesterolemia, apnéia do sono, cardiopatia/coronariopatia, pneumopatia, qualquer comorbidade, ASA II, ASA III ou IV, tempo cirúrgico, colocação de anel de silástico e procedimento associado. As variáveis dependentes foram: complicações leves, complicações graves e óbito. Análise estatística foi realizada utilizando o Epi-info 3.2.2 para determinar a associação entre variáveis independentes e dependentes. O risco relativo (RR) com intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95% foi calculado e uma análise multivariada foi feita para controlar os fatores de confusão. Resultados: Diabetes (RR= 1,6; 95% CI=1,02-2,40) e apnéia do sono (RR=1,8; 95% CI =1,18-2,64) foram associados a complicações leves. Cardiopatia/coronariopatia foi associado a complicações graves (RR= 5,42 e IC= 1,22-2,40) e óbito (RR= 16,25 e IC= 3,00-87,95). IMC > 55 kg/m2 foi associado a complicações leves (RR 1,58; IC 95%=1,04-2,40), complicações graves (RR= 3,17 e IC= 1,03-9,80) e óbito (p=0,007). Após regressão logística, o IMC > 55 kg/m2 permaneceu como um forte fator de risco para o óbito (OR=3,6 e IC=1,05-12,32). Conclusão: IMC > 55 kg/m2 foi o principal fator de risco para complicações graves e óbito. Outros fatores que afetaram desfavoravelmente os resultados foram: diabetes, apnéia do sono e cardiopatia/coronariopatia

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T22:57:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo3045_1.pdf: 893604 bytes, checksum: dcb29f02762a14a1b36ddf5bdf7632cb (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A desnutrição grave diminui a imunocompetência e com isso, aumenta a mortalidade infantil. Com o intuito de minimizar a morbimortalidade hospitalar, a OMS publicou diretrizes específicas para o tratamento de crianças com desnutrição grave. Portanto, supõe-se que na alta hospitalar os pacientes apresentem melhora da resposta imunológica. Esta dissertação originou o artigo intitulado Resposta imune de crianças desnutridas graves tratadas segundo o protocolo da OMS na fase hospitalar, atualmente submetido para publicação, e que está apresentado às páginas 25-42. O objetivo foi comparar reposta imune inata de crianças desnutridas graves internadas, tratadas segundo o protocolo da OMS, no momento da admissão e alta hospitalar. Para tal, foi realizado estudo experimental realizado com crianças menores de dois anos de idade, sendo 10 com desnutrição grave, e 10 crianças do grupo controle. O grupo desnutrido foi composto por pacientes internados no Instituto Materno Infantil Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP) e submetidas ao protocolo da OMS. Foram excluídas as crianças portadoras do vírus HIV e aquelas reinternadas no período do estudo. Foi coletada uma amostra sanguínea na admissão e outra na alta hospitalar, sendo realizada análise do perfil leucocitário, índice de aderência, capacidade fagocitária e a produção de radicais livres (superóxido e óxido nítrico). Os pacientes com desnutrição grave apresentaram na admissão redução significativa da atividade fagocítica e produção de radicais oxidantes. Na alta hospitalar, foi observado melhora da função fagocitária e da liberação de óxido nítrico e superóxido, em relação à admissão hospitalar (p<0,005), entretanto, quando comparados ao grupo controle, os pacientes apresentaram valores reduzidos de linfócitos, assim como diminuição na produção de radicais livres. A partir destes resultados, foi observado que o tempo de hospitalização mostrou-se eficaz em restabelecer a atividade fagocitária, porém insuficiente em restaurar a atividade microbicida e o número de linfócitos

This thesis brings together all that is currently known of early medieval grave reopening in northern and western Europe. It investigates in detail an intensive outbreak of grave-robbery in 6th-7th century Kent. This is closely related to the same phenomenon in Merovingia: an example of the import of not only material goods but also a distinctive cultural practice. Limited numbers of similar robbing episodes, affecting a much smaller proportion of graves in each cemetery, are also identified elsewhere in Anglo-Saxon England. Although the phenomenon of grave-robbery is well-attested in Merovingia, this research is the first study at a regional level. The aim is to advance the debate about early medieval robbery from general discussion of interpretative possibilities to evaluation of specific models and their compatibility with the archaeological evidence. The conclusions have significant implications for the interpretation of grave-robbery across early medieval Europe. In Kent robbing is at a level that must be considered in any discussion of cemetery evidence. The poor publication record has inhibited recognition and analysis of robbing in the county. However, by using extensive archive material, this thesis has shown that the practice of ransacking graves was on a similar scale in East Kent as in Merovingia. This research identifies over 200 reopened graves across Kent, with at least 15 sites affected. At the most intensely robbed sites, an average of over 20% of burials were disturbed. Robbing is likely to have had a significant impact on artefact finds, especially from the late 6th century onwards. Grave-robbery opens a window onto the wider meanings and values of grave-good types within the early medieval period. The analysis in this thesis demonstrates that the main motive for reopening was the removal of grave goods. However, straightforward personal enrichment was not the goal. A deliberate, consistent selection of certain grave-good types were taken from burials, while other apparently covetable possessions were left behind. The desired grave-goods were removed even when in an unusable condition. It is argued that the selection of goods for removal was related to their symbolic roles in the initial burial rite. Their taking was intended to harm living descendants by damaging the prestige and strength of the dead. In addition to the robbed graves, there is a small number of graves spread across the sites which were reopened for bodily mutilation or rearrangement of skeletal parts. These closely resemble the better known deviant burial rites which were applied to certain corpses at the time of initial burial and are interpreted as a reaction to fear of revenants. In modern Britain burial is a finite and final process: the definitive disposal of a dead body. The archaeological and ethnographic records contain many examples of more complex series of events to enable the dead to move on from the living. The material remains of such processes can be seen in revisited and reopened graves, and in myriad manipulations of human bodies. This case study is a detailed, contextualised investigation of the after-history of burial monuments focused on the early Middle Ages.

Goal of this work is to analyze life cycle assessment of building construction systems. LCA has been made by two different methods. One is based on ISO standards (Athena) and other on works with Ecoindicator (Ecolizer). Subject of comparison has been life cycle stages, materials and construction systems. The best results of constructions recived construction made of brick block and wood based Two by Four difuse-open construction. The worst construction is rebar-concrete one and most difficult was to understand results of construction made of CLT panel.

Grave markers represent a significant amount of highly important information related to the cultural patterns of a society, as well as how these patterns have changed over time. Although, cemetery studies are popular in other regions of the United States, few studies regarding grave marker attributes have been conducted in Florida. The purpose of this research was to analyze and interpret temporal and demographic changes in grave marker attributes in Greenwood Cemetery in Orlando, Florida. Another aspect of this research focused on the possible correlation between the age and inferred sex of the deceased individual in relation to the type of epitaph and iconography chosen to represent them in their mortuary context. Data was collected from 925 headstones within Greenwood Cemetery; these headstones further represent 1,102 individuals. Attributes analyzed include marker material, marker type, iconographic images, epitaph, memorial photographs, footstones and curbs. These attributes will be analyzed and compared to trends noted within a similar study conducted by Meyers and Schultz (2016), to allow for better interpretation of trends in grave marker attributes across a range of Florida cemeteries. Results indicate multiple trends. The popularity of marble headstones decreased greatly from 51% in Pre-1900 to only 8% from 2000 to 2017. Furthermore, the prevalence of epitaph and iconography categories vary greatly on both a temporal and demographic basis. Male infants are more likely than any other demographic group to be represented by a genealogical epitaph, at 41% representation. Ultimately, these trends illustrate important aspects of cultural changes related to mortuary practice and individual mortuary contexts within Orlando, Florida.

No / The concept that invisible molecular traces may remain in grave deposits, the often discarded ‘dirt’ from substantial mortuary containers, is not widely appreciated. Organic residue analysis of samples from Late Roman (2nd–4th c. AD) burials in Britain has revealed their potential to retain diagnostic biomarkers. Alongside the analysis of visible residues from similar continental burials, these results confirm that resinous substances were employed in the treatment of the dead throughout the Roman Empire. Deposited in close proximity to the body, they masked the reality of decay, signified the status of the deceased and promoted memorialisation. These findings, in conjunction with the sampling approach and methodology detailed here, have important implications for future mortuary research in the late antique period and beyond. / R. C. B. was supported by a Ph.D. studentship from the Art and Humanities Research Council (43019R00209).

Les coutumes funéraires dans les provinces romaines reflètent les changements politiques, ethniques, économiques ou religieux survenus au cours du Haut-Empire. L'objectif de ce travail est de proposer une synthèse des pratiques funéraires au Haut-Empire en Pannonie et en Gaule lyonnaise afin qu'elle puisse servir de base solide pour de futures études et le traitement des documents inédits. A travers un bilan documentaire le plus exhaustif possible des données publiées et une analyse détaillée des informations aujourd'hui disponibles, il s'agit de mettre en évidence les tendances observables à l'échelle de la province mais aussi des particularités régionales. Cette étude, menée sur deux provinces de population autochtone majoritairement celtique, nous permet ainsi de mieux comprendre les tendances générales des pratiques funéraires dans les provinces occidentales, mais également de mettre en valeur des particularités régionales ou communautaires liées à diverses influences externes et des évolutions internes. Elle montre également la nécessité de s'intéresser à des indices parfois jugés secondaires, comme la position du mobilier ou son état, qui sont pourtant des indicateurs forts sinon plus représentatifs de ce qui était considéré par les communautés comme les moments forts des funérailles. / Funeral customs in the Roman provinces reflect political, ethnical, economical or religious changes which occurred during the Early Roman period. Their extensive study therefore allows understanding the influence of these events and the evolutions of communities. The main goal of this work is to propose a synthesis of the funerary practices of the Early Roman period in Pannonia and in Gallia Lugdunensis, so that it can serve as a solid basis for future studies and the treatment of unpublished documents. Through a documentary overview, as exhaustive as possible, of published data and a detailed analysis of the information available nowadays, it is to highlight the trends observable on the scale of the province but also regional particularities. This study, conducted in two provinces of predominantly Celtic indigenous population, helps us to understand the general trends of burial practices in the western provinces during the Early Roman Period, but it highlights also regional and local particularities, related to various external influences and internal developments. It also shows the need to focus on indices sometimes considered as secondary, as the position of the furnishings or their state, which however are more representative of what was seen by the communities as the strong moments of the funeral.

MA (Xitsonga) / Senthara ya M.E.R. Mathivha ya Tindzimu ta Afrika, Vutshila ni Ndhvuko / The study examines the taboos of death and their significance in the context of Xitsonga culture in the Hlanganani Area of the Vhembe District, Limpopo Province of South Africa. The study deals with social taboos pertaining to death and how Vatsonga perceive their dead. The principal aim of the study is to highlight the significance of taboos pertaining to death, the burial and the post-burial rites/rituals amongst Vatsonga in the Hlanganani Area. The study guarantees the continuity and resilience of the post-burial rituals. Accordingly, the study shows that the taboos are largely reflected through language. The study will recommend that the taboos as the important components of Xitsonga culture must be incorporated in the South African education system. More importantly, the study shows that language and culture are interlinked and cannot be separated. The researcher will employ the Renaissance Theory. The Renaissance Theory argues that a number of indigenous cultural identities, values and norms which used to be functional for society in the past can still be used today if properly utilised because they are the building blocks of indigenous existentiality. It is an emerging postcolonial philosophy which envisions reclaiming the glories of the African past. It posits that to think of the African life is to think of the unity of the shared perennial communitarian values. Data will collected through interviews and focus groups.

På Båtgravfältet i Vendel har det hittats fjorton gravar och den första hittas i samband med byggandet av ett dike till kyrkans nya mur. Gravplatsen undersöktes första gången 1882 och det visade sig att många av gravarna hade blivit störda och utsatts sedan tidigare. Gravarna är daterade mellan 575–1050 e.Kr.  Uppsatsen beskriver hur båtgravarna i Vendel har könsbestämts som manliga krigargravar utifrån stereotypiskt manliga vapen/krigargravar. Däremot står två av gravarna ut då det fanns kvinnlig attribut som könade artefakter (pärlor). Krigargravar har traditionellt blivit tolkade som manliga gravar utifrån de begränsade binära genusrollerna. Det kommer också diskuteras om det kan ha varit någon individ som har definierat sig som icke-normativ. / In the boat-gravefield in Vendel, fourteen graves have been found and the first one was found in connection with the construction of a trench for the new wall of the church. The burial site was first investigated in 1882 and it has been shown that many of the graves have been disturbed and exposed since before. The graves are dated between 575–1050 AD. The essay describes how the boat-graves in Vendel have been gendered as male warrior graves based on stereotypically male weapons/warrior graves. However, two of the graves stand out as there were female attributes, gendered artifacts (pearls). Warrior graves have traditionally been interpreted as male graves based on the limited binary gender roles. It will also be discussed whether it may have been that some individual has defined themself as non-normative.

This paper is about an Iron Age cemetery at Tuna in Badelunda parish, Västmanland. Tuna is a complex burial ground that contains a total of 66 graves that consists of 68 individuals. The grave field was used during a period of roughly 700 years from around the year 300 AD until the year 1050 AD. Three types of grave constructions are identified in Tuna, 53 cremation graves, eight boat graves and five chamber graves. This paper will investigate the placements of the grave constructions on the cemetery to study if they are divided by sex, age and grave type. The paper will also analyse and discuss the sex/gender assessments of individuals from Tuna, both the osteological assessments of sex and/or gender assessments are based on? The usual presumptions from earlier research about Tuna are that it was a cemetery mainly for females, but the report about Tuna in Badelunda indicates a diffrent conclusion.