Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:52:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRCAF.pdf: 1935070 bytes, checksum: 7d900996d1bc9691fb0eb45f9a54a69a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-12-08 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / Through the 90 decade, the Total Quality Control Programs (TCPQ) were extremely diffused in enterprises of all country, with the objective to improve its competitiveness on the market. This study has the purpose to discuss this way of organize labour and production, confronting the hegemonic point of view favorable to these changes and that of workers who were subjected to this new kind of organization. Therefore, the present investigation had as an object of analysis a working class sector position, through one labor union representation, the Campinas and Region s Metallurgic Syndicate (CRMS), to verify how this workers Institution concrete its resistance and criticism to the TQCP implantation in effective actions. Syndicate s view was obtained over documental investigation and interviews with syndical leaders. During the development of the research it was notice that the competitiveness growth turns the employees a differential strategic to the organizations survival, thus, the TCQP represent a capital attempt in co-opt the workers knowledge, as a way to increase the control of productive procedures. The employees insufficient resistance and their consequent collaboration with these programs implantations have been causing the organizations fragile condition and fragmentation. The analysis obtained showed that the CRMS actions on enterprises techno-organizational innovations were of reactive character and that there was not any politics or concrete actions that could anticipate the changes. In general, the politics and syndical actions developed were based on the consequences these changes have brought about to the workers, and not on how the work should be organized. Thus, the conclusion is that this posture has not been making working class more strengthened as an effective result and that it is necessary a leap of quality in syndical actions, which must be an outcome of the reaction and elaboration join up the working class, taking employees subjectivity and the organization in working places into consideration as fundamental points to the construction of this surpass. / Ao longo da década de 90 os Programas de Controle da Qualidade Total (PCQT) foram amplamente difundidos nas empresas em todo o país, com o objetivo de melhorar a sua competitividade no mercado. Este estudo tem por objetivo discutir esta forma de organizar o trabalho e a produção, buscando fazer um contraponto entre a visão hegemônica favorável às mudanças e a visão dos trabalhadores submetidos a esta nova forma de organização. Para tanto, teve como objeto de análise a posição de um setor da classe trabalhadora, através de uma representação sindical, o Sindicato dos Metalúrgicos de Campinas e Região (SMCR), buscando verificar como este órgão de representação dos trabalhadores concretiza nas ações sindicais a sua resistência e crítica à implantação dos PCQT. A visão do Sindicato foi obtida por meio de pesquisa documental da entidade e entrevistas com dirigentes sindicais. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa analisou-se que o aumento da competitividade faz com que os trabalhadores sejam um diferencial estratégico para a sobrevivência das organizações, assim, os PCQT representam uma tentativa do capital em cooptar o saber operário, como forma de aumentar o controle dos processos produtivos. A pouca resistência e conseqüente colaboração dos trabalhadores na implantação destes programas criou uma condição de fragilidade e fragmentação da sua organização. A análise obtida constatou que as ações do SMCR relativas ás inovações tecno-organizacionais nas empresas, foram de caráter reativo, não se conseguiu identificar políticas ou ações concretas que antecipassem essas mudanças. Em geral, as políticas e ações sindicais desenvolvidas foram sobre as conseqüências que estas mudanças acarretaram para os trabalhadores, não tendo sido detectadas elaborações de como deveria ser organizado o trabalho. Conclui-se que esta postura não tem trazido um resultado efetivo de fortalecimento da classe dos trabalhadores e avaliou-se a necessidade de um salto de qualidade na ação sindical, que deve sair da simples reação à elaboração e ação junto da classe, considerando a subjetividade operária e a organização nos locais de trabalho como pontos fundamentais para a construção desta superação.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Nosso trabalho consistiu numa investigação acerca do surgimento e das características das fundações e dos institutos empresariais no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Entendemos ser esse um fenômeno que está ocorrendo não só no Brasil, mas em vários países, em face de essa ser uma resposta do capital ao agravamento da questão social no atual momento histórico do capitalismo, após sua crise na década de 1970. No processo de elaboração de nossa dissertação, fizemos um apanhando teórico a respeito dos condicionantes históricos, econômicos, sociais e políticos que abarcam a atual conjuntura dessa crise e suas respostas, a saber, o neoliberalismo, a reestruturação produtiva, o advento da globalização financeira e, mais especificamente no Brasil, a contra-reforma do Estado no governo de Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC). No contexto dessa reforma do Estado, o chamado terceiro setor e a filantropia empresarial ganharam força, sendo legitimados socialmente. Entendemos, portanto, que o terceiro setor e a chamada responsabilidade social são respostas do capital à questão social. No entanto, nos detemos especificamente no estudo das ações sociais realizadas pelas empresas por meio de seus braços sociais, constituídas pelas fundações e os institutos empresariais, que se têm colocado como integrantes do chamado terceiro setor, o que para nós se trata de um fenômeno recente, como também de um novo ator que emergiu na sociedade civil contemporânea. / Our work consisted of an investigation of the emergence and characteristics of foundations and corporate offices in Rio de Janeiro. We understand that this is a phenomenon that is occurring not only in Brazil but in many countries, in the face of this capital to be a response to the worsening social issue in the current historical moment of capitalism after its crisis in the 1970s. For the development of our thesis, we grabbed a theory about the historical conditions, economic, social and political that span the juncture of the crisis and its responses, namely neo-liberalism, the restructuring of production, the advent of financial globalization and more specifically in Brazil, the counter-reform of state under President Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC). In the context of state reform, the so-called third sector and corporate philanthropy gained strength, being socially legitimized. We believe therefore that the "third sector" and called "social responsibility" are responses to social capital. However, we pause specifically in the study of social actions carried out by companies through its social arm, formed by corporate foundations and institutes, which have posed as members of the so-called third sector, which for us it is a recent phenomenon as well as a new actor who emerged in civil society contemporary.

La chute du mur de Berlin, fin 1989, marque l'ouverture au capitalisme et à l'économie de marché pour de nombreux pays d'Europe centrale et orientale. A l'enthousiasme succède la remise en cause de l'approche néoclassique des réformes. Le bilan de la privatisation est beaucoup moins satisfaisant que prévu ; les entreprises privatisées à l'Est ne se comportent pas comme des entreprises privées.Notre thèse s'intéresse aux comportements des acteurs économiques et plus particulièrement aux modalités et aux déterminants du changement comportemental, en vue de leur adaptation à une économie dite de marché, avec pour cas d'étude, les unités vinicoles roumaines.Nous proposons un modèle de la restructuration comportementale postsocialiste, qui intègre : (1) l'approche en termes de "restructuration comportementale", qui permet de dépasser la variable "propriété privée" comme seul déterminant des transformations microéconomiques ; (2) la théorie évolutionniste qui appréhende les comportements selon une approche dynamique ; (3) la grille "structures-comportements-performances" qui propose une classification des déterminants comportementaux et de leur interrelations et (4) les facteurs hérités du passé.Le modèle qualitatif résultant met en évidence une grande variété de trajectoires coexistantes, y compris celles des minifundia orientées vers l'autoconsommation, souvent négligées par les études sectorielles bien qu'occupant 70 % des surfaces viticoles. Notre modèle offre une explication de l'expansion post-1990 des hybrides, comme conséquence du développement de la trajectoire des minifundistes. Sa coexistence avec la trajectoire "minifundia Vitis vinifera" est déterminée par les facteurs hérités du passé. Conformément à la littérature, les modalités de gouvernance et le capital sont confirmés comme des déterminants discriminants de la nature des trajectoires des unités commerciales, avec un accent sur l'origine du capital.Outre l'intérêt du modèle pour une lecture des changements comportementaux en économie postsocialiste, mais aussi plus généralement en contexte de transformation systémique, notre travail invite à la prise en compte des logiques d'autoconsommation, aux côtés des logiques commerciales, lors de l'élaboration et de la mise en œuvre des politiques sectorielles. / The 1989 Berlin Wall fall opened the way to capitalism and market economy to many countries from East and Central Europe. The enthusiasm is followed by the questioning of the neoclassical approach to reform. The results of privatization are indeed much less satisfactory than expected; privatized enterprises in the East do not behave like private enterprises.Our thesis focuses on the economic agents' behaviour, and more especially on the ways and determinants of their behavioural change, to adapt to a so-called market economy, with the case study of the Romanian wine units.We propose a model of post-socialist behavioural restructuring, which includes:(1) an approach in terms of "behavioural restructuring," which goes beyond the "private property" as sole determinant of microeconomic transformations ; (2) the evolutionary theory that sees the behaviour as a dynamics ; (3) the "structure-conduct-performance" framework which proposes a classification of behavioural determinants and their interrelations ; (4) factors inherited from the past.The resulting qualitative model shows a variety of coexisting pathways, including those of self consumption oriented minifundia, often ignored by sector studies although they deal with 70% of the vineyard area.Our model provides an explanation of the post-1990 expansion of hybrids, as a result of development of the minifundia trajectory. Its coexistence with the "minifundia Vitis vinifera" path is determined by factors inherited from the past.According to literature, the governance structures and capital are confirmed as sound determinants of the commercial units' trajectories, with an emphasis on the origin of capital.Besides the interest of the model for an understanding of behavioral changes in post-socialist economy, but also more generally in the context of systemic transformations, our work calls for taking into account the subsistence units, along with commercial ones in the formulation and implementation of sector policies.

Bien penser la structuration de données est primordial pour obtenir de hautes performances, alors que les processeurs actuels perdent un temps considérable à attendre la complétion de transactions mémoires. En particulier les localités spatiales et temporelles de données doivent être optimisées.Cependant, les transformations de structures de données ne sont pas proprement explorées par les compilateurs, en raison de la difficulté que pose l'évaluation de performance des transformations potentielles. De plus,l'optimisation des structures de données est chronophage, sujette à erreur etles transformations à considérer sont trop nombreuses pour être implémentées à la main dans l'optique de trouver une version de code efficace.On propose de guider les programmeurs à travers le processus de restructuration de données grace à un retour utilisateur approfondi, tout d'abord en donnant une description multidimensionnelle de la structure de donnée initiale, faite par une analyse de traces mémoire issues du binaire de l'application de l'utilisateur, dans le but de localiser des problèmes de stride au niveau instruction, indépendemment du langage d'entrée. On choisit de focaliser notre étude sur les transformations de structure de données, traduisibles dans un formalisme proche du C pour favoriser la compréhension de l'utilisateur, que l'on applique et évalue sur deux cas d'étude qui sont des applications réelles,à savoir une simulation d'ondes cardiaques et une simulation de chromodynamique quantique sur réseau, avec différents jeux d'entrées. La prédiction de performance de différentes transformations est conforme à 5% près aux versions réécrites à la main. / Careful data layout design is crucial for achieving high performance, as nowadays processors waste a considerable amount of time being stalled by memory transactions, and in particular spacial and temporal locality have to be optimized. However, data layout transformations is an area left largely unexplored by state-of-the-art compilers, due to the difficulty to evaluate the possible performance gains of transformations. Moreover, optimizing data layout is time-consuming, error-prone, and layout transformations are too numerous tobe experimented by hand in hope to discover a high performance version. We propose to guide application programmers through data layout restructuring with an extensive feedback, firstly by providing a comprehensive multidimensional description of the initial layout, built via analysis of memory traces collected from the application binary textit {in fine} aiming at pinpointing problematic strides at the instruction level, independently of theinput language. We choose to focus on layout transformations,translatable to C-formalism to aid user understanding, that we apply and assesson case study composed of two representative multithreaded real-lifeapplications, a cardiac wave simulation and lattice QCD simulation, with different inputs and parameters. The performance prediction of different transformations matches (within 5%) with hand-optimized layout code.

Self-consolidating concrete (SCC) is an emerging technology that utilizes flowable concrete that eliminates the need for consolidation. The advantages of SCC lie in a remarkable reduction of the casting time, facilitating the casting of congested and complex structural elements, possibility to reduce labor demand, elimination of mechanical vibrations and noise, improvement of surface appearance, producing a better and premium concrete product. The research focussed on capturing existing knowledge and making recommendations for current practice. An experimental program was undertaken at the Université de Sherbrooke to evaluate the lateral pressure developed by SCC mixtures. A portable devise (UofS2 pressure column) for measuring and predicting lateral pressure and its rate of decay of SCC was developed and validated. The UofS2 pressure column is cast with 0.5 m high fresh concrete and air pressure is introduced from the top to simulate casting depth up to 13 m. Then, develop and implement test method for field evaluation of relevant plastic and thixotropic properties of SCC that affect formwork pressure were done. Portable vane (PV) test based on the hand-held vane test method used to determine the undrained shear strength property of clay soil was the first setup as well as the inclined plane (IP) test. The IP device involves slumping a small concrete cylinder on a horizontal plate and then lifting up the plate at different durations of rest until the slumped sample starts to move. Identifying role of material constituents, mix design, concrete placement characteristics (casting rate, waiting periods between lifts, and casting depth), temperature, and formwork characteristics that have major influence on formwork pressure exerted by SCC were evaluated in laboratory and validated by actual field measurements. Relating the maximum lateral pressure and its rate of decay to the plastic properties of SCC were established. In the analytical part of the research, effective ways to reduce lateral pressure by developing formulation expertise and practical guidelines to lower lateral pressure of SCC were proposed. Various design equations as well as chart diagrams to predict formwork pressure that can be exerted by SCC on column and wall elements were derived and reported. In general, the results obtained show that measured lateral pressure is lower than corresponding hydrostatic pressure. The study has shown that lateral pressure exerted by SCC is closely related to the structural build-up at rest (or thixotropy) of SCC. The latter can be controlled using different mixture proportionings, material constituents, and chemical admixtures. SCC mixture with a high rate of structural build-up at rest can develop low lateral pressure on formwork. Increased rate of structural build-up at rest can be ensured by incorporating a greater volume of coarse aggregate, lower paste volume, and/or lower sand-to-total aggregate ratio. Incorporating coarse aggregate of larger maximum size could also increase the thixotropy and hence reduce the lateral pressure. This can also be achieved by reducing the workability of SCC using less HRWRA concentration. Indeed, all mixture factors have been replaced by measuring the rate of structural build-up at rest (or thixotropy) using the developed portable vane and inclined plane field-oriented test as well as the modified Tattersall MK-III concrete rheometer. On the other hand, increasing or maintaining the concrete temperature at a certain level plays an important role to reduce the lateral pressure. The higher concrete temperature can accelerate the heat of hydration of cement with water and increase the internal friction leading to higher thixotropy. Controlling the placement rate has a great impact on the resultant lateral pressure of SCC. The lateral pressure can be reduced by slowing down the casting rate, as concrete has more time to build-up. However, this can slow down the rate of construction. The casting rate should be optimized to yield a cost effective formwork system. Pausing the continuous casting by a waiting period can reduce the exerted lateral pressure. The research investigation could accelerate the acceptance and implementation of SCC technology in cast-in-place applications, which is the preponderate business of the ready mixed concrete suppliers. The research findings could also contribute to the removal of some of the major barriers hindering the acceptance of SCC in cast-in-place applications and provide the industry with much needed guidelines on formwork pressure.--Résumé abrégé par UMI.

Des données de Statistique Canada montrent que le Québec a perdu 86 700 emplois manufacturiers nets entre 2004 et 2008, ce qui représente un recul de 13,8% (Bernard, 2009). Un dollar canadien fort, la concurrence internationale, les délocalisations de la production et les consolidations globales d'opérations sont souvent mentionnés comme étant les causes des difficultés du secteur manufacturier canadien - principalement concentré au Québec et en Ontario. La crise financière amorcée à l’été 2007, a contribué à aggraver la crise propre au secteur manufacturier dont les origines remontent au début des années 2000 (Weir, 2007; AgirE, 2008; Pilat et al., 2006). Cette recherche examine le processus de restructuration du secteur manufacturier québécois de manière détaillée au niveau des établissements afin d’en évaluer l’ampleur et la nature entre 2003 et 2008. Les données colligées permettent de poser un regard unique et original sur les restructurations ayant impliqué des licenciements collectifs au Québec. Ces données sont issues de deux sources. D'abord, nous avons utilisé une liste d‘entreprises qui ont envoyé un avis de licenciement collectif au Ministère de l’Emploi et de la Solidarité sociale du Québec entre 2003 et 2008. En second lieu, nous avons eu recours aux archives en ligne des médias pour trouver d’autres évènements de restructuration non rapportés par le ministère ainsi que pour obtenir des informations complémentaires sur les évènements déjà compilés dans la liste du ministère. Notre méthodologie de recherche et notre typologie analytique des types de restructuration sont basées sur celles développées par l’European Monitoring Center on Change (EMCC) et reprises dans certaines études comme celles de Bronfenbrenner et Luce (2004) et Hickey et Schenk (soumis). Les résultats, présentés en termes d’événements de restructuration et d’emplois perdus, sont ventilés en fonction de quelques variables (année d’occurrence, taille de l’établissement, sous-secteur d’activité, intensité technologique, région administrative, types de restructuration). Les raisons données par l’entreprise afin de justifier la restructuration ont aussi été colligées. Au cours de la période étudiée, nous avons identifié au total 1 631 évènements de restructurations dans le secteur manufacturier à travers toutes les régions du Québec, qui ont entraîné la perte de 129 383 emplois. Ainsi, 78 246 emplois ont été perdus suite à la réduction des activités de l‘établissement et 51 137 emplois l’ont été suite à la fermeture de leur établissement. La forme la plus fréquente de restructuration est la restructuration interne, suivi par la faillite/fermeture. Les types de restructuration qui ont engendré le plus de pertes d’emplois en moyenne par évènement sont dans l’ordre, la délocalisation, la sous-traitance, la consolidation d’activités ainsi que la fusion-acquisition. L’année 2008 fut celle où il y a eu le plus grand nombre de restructurations. Montréal et la Montérégie sont les régions qui ont le plus été touchées par la restructuration, les pertes d’emplois et les fermetures d’établissements. Les industries à faible intensité technologique ont davantage été frappées par la crise manufacturière. C’est le sous-secteur du papier et du bois qui connu le plus grand nombre d’événements de restructurations. Ce sous-secteur a aussi subi les pertes d’emplois les plus importantes, suivi par le sous-secteur du textile et du vêtement. Ces deux industries se partagent plus de la moitié des fermetures d’établissements. L’insuffisance de la demande (22,1%), la concurrence internationale (14,3%), la hausse de la valeur du dollar canadien (11,2%), la réorganisation interne de l’entreprise (11,1%), la rationalisation des coûts visant une augmentation de la profitabilité (10,1%) ainsi que les difficultés financières (9,9%) sont les motifs principaux donnés par les employeurs. Nos résultats montrent qu’il y a eu deux temps dans l’évolution de la restructuration du secteur manufacturier au Québec. Un premier temps au début de la période où des changements structurels profonds ont été observés dans certaines industries (p.ex. le bois-papier et le textile-vêtement) et un second temps, en fin de période caractérisé par des changements davantage liés à la conjoncture en raison de la crise économique dont les effets commençaient à se faire sentir à ce moment (Institut de la statistique du Québec, 2009a). / Data from Statistics Canada show that Quebec lost 86.700 manufacturing jobs between 2004 and 2008, which represents a withdraw of -13,8% (Bernard, 2009). A high value Canadian dollar, international competition, production shifts and global operations consolidations are often mentioned as causes of the difficulties in Canadian manufacturing — mainly concentrated in Quebec and Ontario, which have both been severely hit. The financial crisis that broke out in the summer 2007, contributed to worsen the crisis, specific to the manufacturing sector whose origins go up at the beginning of the years 2000 (Weir, 2007; AgirE, 2008; Pilat and al., 2006). This paper examines these aspects in some detail at the establishment level, in order to assess its extent and nature between 2003 and 2008. The data set featured provides a unique overview of the specific aspects of the restructuring processes that involve job losses in Quebec. Two original sources contributed to our study. First, we consulted the list of companies that sent a notification of mass termination to the Quebec Ministry of Labour between 2003 and 2008. Second, we searched electronic media archives to find new cases of plant closures not reported by the Ministry and additional information on the cases found with the Ministry database. Our tracking methodology and analytical typology of restructuring processes are based on those developed by the European Monitoring Center on Change (EMCC) and used in other studies by Bronfenbrenner and Luce (2004) and by Hickey and Schenk (submitted). The results, presented in terms of restructuring events and job losses, are broken down into a few variables (year of occurrence, facility size, sub-sector, technological intensity, administrative region, restructuring type). In total for the study period, we have identified 1,631 restructuring events within Quebec’s regions, which resulted in the loss of 129,383 jobs. Thus, 78,246 workers lost their jobs due to downsizing and 51,137 workers lost their jobs due to closures. Internal restructuring is the most frequent form of restructuring, followed by bankruptcy/closure. Offshoring, outsourcing, relocation and merger/acquisition are the types of restructuring that have resulted on average, in more job losses per event in Quebec's manufacturing sector during the study period. The year 2008 was one that generated the most restructuring events. Montreal and Monteregie are the regions that were the most affected by restructuring events, job losses and plant closures. Overall, it’s the low-technology industries that were the most impacted by the manufacturing crisis. The paper and wood industry had the greatest amount of restructuring events. This sub-sector also had the most job losses, followed by the textiles and clothing industry. These two industries share more than half of the closures. Demand shortage (22.1%), global competition (14.3%), the rise of Canadian dollar (11.2%), internal corporate reorganization (11.1%), cost rationalization to increase profitability (10.1%) and financial difficulties (9.9%) were the main reasons given by employers. Our results show that there were two stages in the evolution of the restructuring events within Quebec’s manufacturing sector. First, structural changes were observed in some industries (e.g. wood and paper and textile-garment) at the beginning of the period and a second phase characterized by economic related changes , due to the economic crisis, whose effects began to be felt at that time (Quebec Institute of Statistics, 2009a).

A pesquisa apresentada nesta dissertação se situa no campo da educação superior brasileira, com foco nas universidades federais. Teve como objetivo analisar o Programa de Apoio a Planos de Reestruturação e Expansão das Universidades Federais, conhecido como Reuni, de forma a discutir as evidências dos processos de expansão e de reestruturação nas universidades federais, com destaque para a dimensão acadêmico-curricular e a ocorrência dos Bacharelados Interdisciplinares (BIs). O Reuni vigorou de 2007 a 2012, sendo singular no contexto da política pública de expansão da educação superior, no Brasil, de 2003 a 2012, no sentido de que se voltou, especificamente, para as universidades federais, vinculando uma proposta de reestruturação acadêmico-curricular. Esta se verificou, por exemplo, em um incentivo, proporcionado pelo Programa, ao surgimento de novas propostas curriculares de cursos superiores, como é o caso dos BIs. Como contexto amplo do objeto, têm-se as transformações recentes do capitalismo, em que se buscou compreender a centralidade do conhecimento e suas possíveis implicações no campo do trabalho e da educação, de forma a apresentar as ideias de sociedade do conhecimento, profissional polivalente e pedagogia das competências. A principal conclusão do estudo foi que o Reuni esteve entre os processos de expansão e de reestruturação, já que, ainda que sejam expressivos os dados quantitativos que traduzem a expansão, a reestruturação proposta revelou-se como mais uma dose no processo de reconfiguração da educação superior no Brasil que, paulatinamente, vem se alinhando às exigências da atual fase do capitalismo. O Reuni funcionou, desta forma, como um marco legal de indução das universidades federais a uma mudança em seus formatos acadêmico-curriculares, com vistas a atender aos anseios de formação profissional da sociedade capitalista atual. / The research presented in this thesis is to be placed in the field of the Brazilian higher education focusing on the federal universities. Its objective was to analyze the Program for Restructuration and Expansion of the Federal Universities, known as Reuni, in order to discuss the evidences of the processes of expansion and restructuration of these universities, with emphasis on both the academic-curricular dimension and the presence of the Interdisciplinary Baccalaureate programs (BI, according to the acronym in Portuguese). The Reuni was in force from 2007 through 2012, representing a distinctive action inside the context of the public policy relative to the expansion of higher education in Brazil, in the period 2003-2012; it turned in specifically to the federal universities, through the linkage of a proposal of an academic-curricular restructuration. This latter has been evidenced, for instance, by an incentive given by the Program to the emerging of new curricular proposals of higher education courses like the BI. As a broad context of the research herein presented, there are the recent transformations of capitalism, in which the centrality of knowledge and its possible implications in the field of work and education as a means to present the ideas of the so named knowledge society, multi-skilled worker and pedagogy of competences. The main conclusion of this study claims that Reuni was present amid the processes of expansion and restructuration because, though the quantitative data that express the expansion be considerable, the proposed restructuration has proved to be one more step in the process of reconfiguration of higher education in Brazil that has been gradually aligned to the demands of the current stage of capitalism. Reuni has worked, in this way, as a legal milestone inciting the federal universities to change their academic-curricular format for the purpose of reaching the expectations of professional formation within the contemporary capitalist society.

Esta pesquisa trata das possíveis relações entre um novo paradigma produtivo e a proposta de currículo presente nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN) de Geografia para o ensino fundamental. Novo paradigma produtivo construído pelo sistema do capital cuja materialização se apresenta entre outras formas de políticas neoliberais como as que conduziram reformas econômicas e educacionais e da reestruturação produtiva com mudanças na forma do produzir que imprime a necessidade de um novo trabalhador mais adaptado, apto, e multifuncional para essa nova forma de produzir e onde a constituição desse trabalhador tenha nas competências cognitivas de atributos individuais sua relação com o mundo do trabalho. O PCN se constitui como um currículo oficial do Estado brasileiro no bojo dessas reformas educacionais, construído a partir de elementos de recontextualização do discurso pedagógico caracterizando-se por um currículo por competências, cuja expressão para o ensino fundamental são os temas transversais. No caso da Geografia, o PCN critica uma abordagem marxista e salienta a fenomenologia como a metodologia científica mais adequada ao entendimento dos fatos geográficos. A fenomenologia constitui-se numa leitura filosófica da realidade, a partir da subjetividade dos sujeitos, onde o caráter individualista de leitura de mundo é bastante presente e forte. A partir do método dialético, relaciono esses elementos e defendo que reside nessa aproximação entre o currículo por competências e a proposta fenomenológica para a Geografia, uma possível relação do PCN de Geografia para o ensino fundamental e um novo paradigma produtivo. / This research is about the possible relations between a new productive paradigm and the proposal of curriculum in the National Curricular Parameters (PCN) of Geography for high school. New productive paradigm created by the capital system, which manifestation shows itself among other ways of neoliberal policies as the ones which conducted economic and educational reform and the productive restructuration with changes in the producing way, what leads to the necessity of a new worker more adapted, able, and multifunctional for this new way of producing and where the constitution of this worker has, in the cognitive competences of individual qualities, its relation with the working world. The PCN constitutes itself as an official curriculum of the Brazilian state in the core of these educational reforms, made up from elements of the pedagogic discourse recontextualization characterizing itself as a curriculum of competences, which expression for high school are the transversal themes. In the case of Geography, the PCN criticizes an Marxist approach and emphasizes the phenomenology as a scientific methodology more suitable to the comprehension of the geography facts. The phenomenology constitutes itself as a philosophical reading of reality, took from the subjectivity of the individuals, where the individualistic character of the world reading is really present and strong. From the dialectical method on, I relate these elements and stand for the fact that there is, in this rapprochement between the curriculum of competences and the phenomenological proposal for the Geography, a possible relation of the PCN and Geography for high school and a new productive paradigm.

Opération courante dans la vie des affaires, la restructuration est généralement traitée à travers des questions nombreuses et éparses dans différentes branches du droit. La thèse propose une approche globale afin qu’émerge une conception renouvelée de la restructuration en droit des affaires. L’étude a mis en lumière la nécessité de déconstruire et reconstruire la notion. La déconstruction se justifie par l’insuffisance des conceptions actuelles face au domaine de recherche choisi et à la diversification des outils de restructuration, ainsi que par la nécessité d’exclure définitivement un critère de définition fréquent mais inadéquat, les conséquences. La reconstruction a permis la mise en lumière des critères de la notion. Au sein des critères matériels, la notion de structure a été renouvelée pour mettre en évidence sa réalité plurielle et ses critères communs de caractérisation. La décision de restructurer et la modification induite par l’opération ont aussi été redéfinis ou précisés. Un critère fonctionnel y a été ajouté, la rationalisation de l’entreprise, mettant en lumière son nécessaire dynamisme dans un environnement en constant mouvement. Guidée par la recherche de réalisme, une notion renouvelée de la restructuration a alors été proposée. L’étude du régime juridique a ensuite mis en exergue, au-delà de son éclatement, un socle commun à travers deux standards : la transparence et la responsabilité sociale. Leur existence a pu être démontrée, et la question de leur application traitée. Si des progrès doivent encore être réalisés, l’évolution du droit semble favoriser la promotion de l’éthique et de l’humanisation au sein de ce régime juridique et du droit des affaires. / Restructuring is a routine part of business life and is generally dealt with through numerous and scattered questions in different branches of law. The thesis proposes a global approach so that a new conception of restructuring in business law emerges. The study highlighted the need to deconstruct and reconstruct the notion. The deconstruction is justified by the inadequacy of current concepts in relation to the chosen field of research and the diversification of restructuring tools, as well as by the need to definitively exclude a frequent but inadequate definition criterion, the consequences. The reconstruction made it possible to highlight the criteria of the concept. Within the material criteria, the notion of structure has been renewed to highlight its plural reality and its common characterization criteria. The decision to restructure and the change induced by the operation have also been redefined or clarified. A functional criterion has been added, the rationalization of the company, highlighting its necessary dynamism in a constantly changing environment. Guided by the search for realism, a renewed notion of restructuring was then proposed. The study of the legal regime then highlighted, beyond its fragmentation, a common basis through two standards: transparency and social responsibility. Their existence has been demonstrated, and the question of their application addressed. While further progress is still to be made, legal developments seem to promote the promotion of ethics and humanization within this legal regime and business law.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:49:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caio Buonvento Hori.pdf: 2426826 bytes, checksum: d0be7d2047ef24ff31797bec36d98297 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-15 / The aim of this study is to analyze the process of change in the industrial organization of the stocks exchanges, since the nineties, when has begun demutualization, as well the development of the process of integration and strategic partnership, actions not common for this type of institution so far. The analysis began with the changes in developed markets, and follows its expansion to the emerging markets; it shows that most of the main world s stock exchanges already had taken these decisions. This process has turned the stock exchanges in for profit companies, with listed securities; it brought new opportunities and new challenges. The work will investigate what were the main reasons to the adoption of the demutualization and the other restructuring decisions, such as integration and strategic alliances, by the stocks exchanges. Noting that some of the conditions to the changes took place already existed, as the growth of the market and technologies solutions, we investigate the impact of demutualization in this process. Finally, we analyze the Brazilian market, where the two main stock exchanges got themselves demutualized and integrated / O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar o processo de mudança na organização industrial nas bolsas de valores desde os anos 90, quando elas começaram a se desmutualizar, além de ampliarem os processos de integração e de estabelecimento de parcerias estratégicas, fatos não comuns para estas instituições até então. A análise parte da mudança ocorrida nas bolsas de mercados desenvolvidos e acompanha sua expansão para os países em desenvolvimento, constatando que as principais bolsas mundiais já aderiram a este processo. Este processo transformou as bolsas de valores em empresas lucrativas, com ações negociadas em bolsa; com isso, criou novas oportunidades e novos desafios. Estudamos as razões da desmutualização e de outras reestruturações das bolsas de valores, como integrações e alianças entre bolsas. Notando que já existiam algumas condições necessárias para que esses eventos ocorressem, como mercados fortes e larga adoção de tecnologia, analisamos o papel da desmutualização nessas mudanças. Por fim, analisamos o caso brasileiro, em que as duas principais bolsas se desmutualizaram e se integraram