This thesis examines the book in the nineteenth century by way of an unusual corpus: movable and novelty books for children, drawn from the Opie Collection of Children’s Literature at the Bodleian Library. It argues that these items, which have been either ignored or actively dismissed by scholars of children’s literature, are of two-fold significance for the history of the book: they encourage a sense of the book as a constitutively (rather than an incidentally) material object, and they demand an understanding of reading as not just a mental activity, but a physical one as well. Each of the first five chapters of the thesis centres on a different format. The opening chapter discusses the Regency-era paper doll books produced by Samuel and Joseph Fuller, exposing the tension between form and content in these works. The second chapter looks at Victorian panorama books for children, showing how the panorama format affects space, time, and the structure of any text accompanying the image. The third chapter reads the pop-up book’s key tension—the tension between surface and depth in the pursuit of an illusion of three dimensions—in terms of flat, theatrical, and stereoscopic picture-making, three other nineteenth-century pictorial modes in which an illusion of three-dimensionality is important. The fourth chapter traces self-reflexive accounts of printing, publishing, and the material book in dissolving-view books produced by the German publisher and printer Ernest Nister at the end of the nineteenth century. The fifth chapter positions the late nineteenth-century mechanical books designed and illustrated by Lothar Meggendorfer in terms of two material analogies, the puppet and the mechanical toy or automaton. The final chapter synthesizes evidence as to how the movable book could and should be read from across formats, foregrounding in particular the ways in which the movable embodies reading.

It is now widely acknowledged that the Greek epic tradition, best known from Homer, dates back into the Mycenaean Age, and that certain aspects of epic language point to an origin for this type of verse before the date of the extant Linear B tablets. This thesis argues that not only is this so, but that indeed before the end of the Mycenaean Age epic verse was composed in a distinctive literary language characterized by the presence of alternative forms used for metrical convenience. Such alternatives included dialectal variants and forms which were retained in epic once obsolete in everyday speech. Thus epic language in the 2nd millennium already possessed some of the most distinctive characteristics manifest in its Homeric incarnation, namely the presence of doublets and the retention of archaisms. It is argued here that the most probable source for accretions to epic language was at all times the spoken language familiar to the poets of the tradition. There is reason to believe that certain archaic forms, attested only in epic and its imitators, were obsolete in spoken Greek before 1200 B.C.; by examining formulae containing such forms it is possible to determine the likely subject-matter of 2nd millennium epic. Such a linguistic analysis leads to the conclusion that much of the thematic content of Homeric epic corresponds to that of 2nd millennium epic. Non-Homeric early dactylic verse (e.g. the Hesiodic corpus) provides examples of both non-Homeric dialect forms and of archaisms unknown from Homer. This fact, it is argued, points to the conclusion that the 2nd millennium linguistic heritage of epic is evident also from these poems, and that they are not simply imitations of Homer, but independent representatives of the same poetic tradition whose roots lie in the 2nd millennium epic.

Classical Studies, as a subject, has not been seriously presented in many schools until fairly recently. Britain initiated the introduction of Classical Studies to the school curriculum in 1974, and interest has continued to grow steadily in other countries like America, New Zealand, Australia and Canada. This thesis was started on the assumption that this entirely new subject could be introduced into the curriculum for standard six and seven pupils at South African schools, for reasons which will be given later. As work continued on the thesis, the 1985 syllabus for Latin lent it further impetus. Some of the implications of the new Latin syllabus will be considered in the conclusion (Introduction, p. 6)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho tem como objetivo ressaltar a importância dos conteúdos da disciplina História da Língua Portuguesa para a formação do graduando do curso de Letras. O ensino de Língua Portuguesa se dá, por questões didáticas, de forma recortada, sendo cada um de seus recortes (Morfologia, Fonética, Sintaxe etc.) trabalhado em semestres diferentes. A forma fragmentada de estudar a língua parece induzir o graduando a uma visão também fragmentada (e fragmentária) de seu objeto de estudo, prejudicando a formação do futuro professor/pesquisador da língua. A análise dos fenômenos linguísticos sob a ótica da diacronia em que uma alteração fonética pode, por exemplo, resultar em alterações morfológicas e sintáticas possibilita a visão da língua em seu funcionamento como um todo, com suas partes interagindo e se interpenetrando. Essa visão mais ampla, segundo cremos, poderá capacitar o aluno para conectar as informações de diferentes recortes, a fim de alcançar conhecimentos novos e mais complexos. Procuramos evidenciar os benefícios da abordagem diacrônica apresentando o conteúdo programático da disciplina História da Língua Portuguesa e tecendo comentários que apontam a relevância de cada conteúdo para a formação do graduando. Acrescentamos, algumas vezes, sugestões de atividades didáticas com o intuito de granjear o interesse do aluno para a disciplina / This work aims to highlight the Portuguese Language History discipline contents for the graduating student in the course of Classical Languages and Literature. The Portuguese Language teaching is done by didactic questions, in a cut out form, being each of its clips (Morphology, Phonetics, Syntax etc.) developed in different semesters. The fragmented form of studying the language seems to induce who is being graduated to a fragmented vision too (and fragmentary) of his study objective, jeopardizing the formation of the future language teacher/researcher. The linguistic phenomena analysis under the diachronic optics wherein a fonetical change can, for example, result in morphological and syntactic modifications enables the language vision in its functioning as a whole, with its parts interacting and interpenetrating. This wider vision, we believe, will capacitate the student to connect information of different clips, in order to achieve new and complex knowledge. We pursued to make evident the benefits of the diachronical approach by presenting the programmatic contents of the Portuguese Language History discipline, making comments which point out the relevance of each content for the formation of the graduating student. We added, many times, didactic activities suggestions with the intent of conquering the students interest for the discipline in question

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho tem como objetivo ressaltar a importância dos conteúdos da disciplina História da Língua Portuguesa para a formação do graduando do curso de Letras. O ensino de Língua Portuguesa se dá, por questões didáticas, de forma recortada, sendo cada um de seus recortes (Morfologia, Fonética, Sintaxe etc.) trabalhado em semestres diferentes. A forma fragmentada de estudar a língua parece induzir o graduando a uma visão também fragmentada (e fragmentária) de seu objeto de estudo, prejudicando a formação do futuro professor/pesquisador da língua. A análise dos fenômenos linguísticos sob a ótica da diacronia em que uma alteração fonética pode, por exemplo, resultar em alterações morfológicas e sintáticas possibilita a visão da língua em seu funcionamento como um todo, com suas partes interagindo e se interpenetrando. Essa visão mais ampla, segundo cremos, poderá capacitar o aluno para conectar as informações de diferentes recortes, a fim de alcançar conhecimentos novos e mais complexos. Procuramos evidenciar os benefícios da abordagem diacrônica apresentando o conteúdo programático da disciplina História da Língua Portuguesa e tecendo comentários que apontam a relevância de cada conteúdo para a formação do graduando. Acrescentamos, algumas vezes, sugestões de atividades didáticas com o intuito de granjear o interesse do aluno para a disciplina / This work aims to highlight the Portuguese Language History discipline contents for the graduating student in the course of Classical Languages and Literature. The Portuguese Language teaching is done by didactic questions, in a cut out form, being each of its clips (Morphology, Phonetics, Syntax etc.) developed in different semesters. The fragmented form of studying the language seems to induce who is being graduated to a fragmented vision too (and fragmentary) of his study objective, jeopardizing the formation of the future language teacher/researcher. The linguistic phenomena analysis under the diachronic optics wherein a fonetical change can, for example, result in morphological and syntactic modifications enables the language vision in its functioning as a whole, with its parts interacting and interpenetrating. This wider vision, we believe, will capacitate the student to connect information of different clips, in order to achieve new and complex knowledge. We pursued to make evident the benefits of the diachronical approach by presenting the programmatic contents of the Portuguese Language History discipline, making comments which point out the relevance of each content for the formation of the graduating student. We added, many times, didactic activities suggestions with the intent of conquering the students interest for the discipline in question

This is a small quantitative study with focus on colloquial English words with an Old Norse origin. The essay aims to study the history of the Viking invasion and its impact on the English language and to answer the question to what extent Old Norse has influenced modern English vocabulary. Also, the quantitative study aims to answer how well elderly British people are familiar with colloquial English words with Old Norse origins and their denotative meaning and also whether there is a difference in knowledge depending on where in Britain one lives. A quantitative questionnaire was designed to research elderly British people’s knowledge of fifteen different colloquial words with Old Norse origins and to see whether the respondents recognized the words and if they knew the words. This questionnaire was then sent to managers working for AgeUK. The managers in their turn distributed the questionnaire to elderly people in their municipality. The results indicate that the elderly people living in parts of Britain that were part of the Danelaw have a better understanding of the words researched. The research has also shown that different spellings of the words exist and that the denotative meaning of the words might differ depending on from where in Britain one originates.

Orientador: Eni de Lourdes Puccinelli Orlandi / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T22:33:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida_Elianade_D.pdf: 13124374 bytes, checksum: 7a64a4272a272003bed60faa2c04857c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Esta tese trabalha fundamentalmente a relação constitutiva entre língua e literatura significada na escritura do folhetim a partir do duplo viés: de um lado, busca-se compreender os modos pelos quais a língua brasileira se dá enquanto materialidade simbólica à produção literária do folhetim e, de outro, como essa literatura produz conhecimento sobre a língua, nesse seu momento de instituição e estabilização na segunda metade do século XIX no Brasil. O processo de gramatização da língua portuguesa no Brasil, sob a égide da discursividade nacionalista do Romantismo, fomenta a tensão de sentidos entre o discurso da escrita e o discurso da oralidade, dando-lhe visibilidade no percurso mesmo de escrituração do folhetim. Tomando das publicações de jornais mato-grossenses, constituímos a escritura literária do folhetim ¿ segunda metade do século XIX ¿ o corpus de nossas análises. A contradição de sentidos se instala à medida que a escrita, estruturante do sujeito ocidental, confronta em seus próprios limites com práticas linguajeiras de oralidade, dando diferentes configurações à língua e à escritura literárias brasileiras. O conjunto das publicações do folhetim nesse período narra o processo discursivo de formulação e estabilização de uma nossa língua brasileira, cujo desfecho narrativo estabelece-se com a publicação da crônica. A crônica passa a funcionar enquanto discurso estético da língua materializando-se constitutivamente na literatura pelos procedimentos discursivos da escritura literária e na língua, pelo jogo discursivo de sua plasticidade constitutiva, definindo-se enquanto materialidade simbólica capaz de poesia. Por isso, Folhetim: uma crônica da língua / Abstract: This thesis basically works the constituent relation between language and literature meaning the writing of bulletin from the double bias: on one hand, it seeks to understand the ways the Brazilian language occurs as symbolic materiality to the literary production of bulletin and, on the other hand, as this literature produces knowledge about the language, in this moment of institution and stabilization in the second half of century XIX in Brazil. The process of the Portuguese language grammatization in Brazil, under the nationalistic Romanticism discourseability, foments the tension of meanings between the writing speech and the orality speech, giving visibility even in the route of bulletin writing. Taking by Mato-grossenses newspaper publications, we constitute the bulletin literary writing - second half of century XIX - the corpus of our analyses. The contradiction of meanings installs as long as the structurally writing from the western citizen , confronts in its own limits with practical orality, giving different configurations to the Brazilian language and literary writing. The set of publications of bulletin in this period narrates the discoursive process of formularization and stabilization of our Brazilian language, whose narrative outcome is established with the publication of the chronicle. The chronicle starts to function as the esthetic speech of the language materializing itself constituently in literature for the discoursive procedures of the literary writing and in the language, for the discoursive game of its constituent plasticity, defining itself as capable symbolic materiality of poetry. Therefore, bulletin: a chronicle of the language / Doutorado / Analise do Discurso / Doutor em Linguística

När läromedel skapas sker ett urval av vilket innehåll samt vilka förmågor och kunskapersom eleven ska utveckla baserat på styrdokumentens utformning. Dock finns det intelängre en statlig läromedelsgranskning utan det ligger istället i den individuella lärarenshänder. Denna studie visar att inom området språkhistoria, som undervisas i kursenSvenska 3 på gymnasial nivå, skiljer sig läromedlen markant mellan vilken information deväljer att ta upp och vilka kunskapsmål och förmågor de har i fokus. Vilket i förlängningenkan ge konsekvenser för den enskilde eleven och bidrar till att skolgången inte blirlikvärdig utan istället beroende av lärares individuella läromedelsval. / When teaching aids are created the selection of content as well as the abilities andknowledge that the pupil will develop is based on the design of the governing documents.However, there are no longer a governing teaching aid review, instead it lies in the handsof the individual teacher. This study shows that in the area of language history, taught inthe course Svenska 3 at upper secondary level, the teaching aids differ markedly betweenwhat information they choose to address and what knowledge goals and abilities theyhave in focus. Which, in the long run, has consequences for the individual pupil andcontributes to the schooling not being equal but instead dependent on the teachers’individual teaching aid choices.

Die „Wege zum Neutschechischen“, die Tat’ána Vykypělová nachverfolgt, haben ebenso innersprachliche wie äußere – gesellschaftliche, politische und im „langen 16. Jahrhundert“ (S. 57) vor allem konfessionelle – Ursachen. Vf. strebt in ihren kenntnisreichen und sprachgeschichtlich weitsichtigen „Studien zur Geschichte der tschechischen Schriftsprache“ deshalb eine neue „synthetische“ Darstellung der Sprachgeschichte an, die äußere und innere Faktoren aufeinander bezieht (S. 19f.). Im Mittelpunkt steht die konfessionelle Markierung sprachlicher Merkmale, deren Standardisierung oder deren Verlust mit eben dieser Markierung in Verbindung zu bringen sei.

African Languages / M.A. (African Studies (Linguistics))