Submitted by CRISTINA MARIA VASCONCELOS FALCÃO (cvfalcao@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-16T17:25:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO versão final 14-03.pdf: 2426838 bytes, checksum: 2aa0ae9aa02f7ec96aa3d58a6d7c2468 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Publicação Direito Rio (publicacao.direitorio@fgv.br) on 2017-03-16T19:19:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO versão final 14-03.pdf: 2426838 bytes, checksum: 2aa0ae9aa02f7ec96aa3d58a6d7c2468 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-22T19:23:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO versão final 14-03.pdf: 2426838 bytes, checksum: 2aa0ae9aa02f7ec96aa3d58a6d7c2468 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-13 / A partir de um trabalho descritivo e analítico da estrutura regulatória destinada ao planejamento da expansão da capacidade de geração de energia hidrelétrica e da inserção do paradigma ambiental em tais políticas, tendo como balizador um caso concreto ‒ a construção da UHE São Manoel ‒ esta dissertação almeja questionar se os caminhos trilhados pelos órgãos públicos responsáveis pelo planejamento do setor elétrico e pela avaliação de impactos ambientais causados pela implantação de grandes empreendimentos hidrelétricos são capazes de sustentar a deferência técnica necessária ao desenvolvimento regular dos projetos definidos e desenhados para a expansão da capacidade de geração de energia hidrelétrica. Mais do que a correção técnica dos estudos desenvolvidos, a crença da sociedade na imparcialidade dos órgãos públicos envolvidos em todo o longo processo técnico (de engenharia e ambiental) para instalação de empreendimentos hidrelétricos ‒ pressupondo-se que não haja a contaminação por decisões políticas anteriores ‒ é essencial para que se garanta estabilidade ao processo de expansão almejado pelo Poder Público. Assim, no decorrer deste estudo se questiona a existência de um procedimento administrativo eficaz ‒ seja na fase de planejamento, seja no processo de licenciamento ambiental ‒ para prevenção de controvérsias entre os vários interessados no processo de licenciamento ambiental. Por fim, ao analisar ações judiciais que discutem o processo de licenciamento ambiental da UHE São Manoel, identifica-se que as questões técnicas são relegadas a segundo plano, dando-se ênfase à utilização de princípios constitucionais e ambientais utilizados para justificar qualquer argumento ‒ seja a favor, ou seja contra ‒ em relação à construção de uma usina hidrelétrica. / From a descriptive and analytical work of the regulatory structure built to planning the expansion of the hydroelectric power generation capacity and the insertion of the environmental paradigm in such policies, having as a focal point a concrete case - the construction of the HPP São Manoel, this dissertation aims to question whether the paths taken by public agencies - responsible for planning the electric sector and assessing the environmental impacts caused by the implementation of large hydroelectric projects - are capable of sustaining the technical deference necessary for the regular development of projects defined and designed for the expansion of hydropower generation capacity.More important than the technical correction of the studies carried out by public branchs, is the society's belief in the impartiality of the studies involved in the whole technical process (engineering and environmental) for the installation of hydroelectric projects, assuming that there is no contamination by political decisions. This belief is essential to guarantee stability to the expansion process desired by the Government. Thus, in the course of this study, is questioned the existence of an effective administrative procedure, either in the planning phase or in the environmental licensing process, to prevent controversy among the various stakeholders in the environmental licensing process. Finally, analyzing lawsuits that discuss the environmental licensing process of the HPP São Manoel, we identify that technical issues are relegated to the background, with emphasis on the use of constitutional and environmental principles, which are used to justify any argument, whether in favor or against, the construction of a hydroelectric plant.

L’existence d’une multiplicité de figures juridiques de la concurrence pourrait conduire à un manque de cohérence et d’intelligibilité du régime européen de la concurrence. Ce dernier canalise d’ailleurs une partie des critiques relative au déclin du droit. Toutefois, l’étude de ses multiples traductions juridiques aboutit à un constat bien différent. Derrière un apparent désordre, l’approche européenne de la concurrence fait preuve d’une profonde cohérence. Dans chacune des figures juridiques de la concurrence, un même objectif officie au titre de standard. Il s’agit de la loyauté de la concurrence. Cette dernière intervient dans l’ensemble des régimes européens de la concurrence comme une notion autour de laquelle gravite un ensemble de solutions cohérentes par leur finalité et leur contenu. Cohérentes par leur finalité, tout d’abord, car les multiples traductions de l’ordre concurrentiel européen abordent la loyauté de la concurrence comme un moyen de protéger le bon fonctionnement du marché concurrentiel. Cohérentes par leur contenu, ensuite, car chacune des figures juridiques de la concurrence vise à assurer la loyauté de la concurrence en préservant l’égalité des chances entre les opérateurs économiques. De fait, le constat de la transversalité et de l’homogénéité de traitement de la loyauté de la concurrence révèle que l’objectif a, jusqu’alors, été largement sous-estimé. Cette mise à l’écart est regrettable car, en raison de sa neutralité axiologique, l’introduire dans les différents débats relatifs à l’approche européenne de la concurrence offre de véritables solutions en termes d’homogénéisation de la notion de concurrence et de meilleure intégration des figures juridiques de la concurrence. / The existence of various rules regarding competition could lead to a lack of coherence andintelligibility of the European system of competition. As a matter of fact, the latter channels a part of the criticisms relating to the decline of law. However, the study of its numerous legal translations results in a very different conclusion. Behind an apparent disorder, the European approach to competition shows profound coherence. In each legal aspects of competition, a common objective officiates as a standard. It is the fair competition. The latter intervenes in all European competition regulations as a notion around which revolve a set of solutions coherent by their finality and content.Coherent by their finality, firstly, because all the legal translations of the competitive order address fair competition as a way to protect competition and, more generally, public interest.Coherent by their content, secondly, because each legal aspects of competition ensures faircompetition by preserving the equality of opportunity between competitors.De facto, the observation of the transversality and homogeneity of the treatment of fair competition reveals that the objective has been, until now, widely underestimated. This sidelining is regrettable because, on the grounds of its axiological neutrality, introducing it into the different debates relating to the European approach to competition offers real solutions in terms of the homogenization of the notion of competition and better integration of the legal aspects of competition.

The absence of a relevant legal basis between huge commercial partners such as the EU as a single entity and the Russian Federation promoted the emergence of a legal vacuum. The long term cooperation between Russia and the EU has only one bilateral agreement - the Agreement on Partnership and Cooperation signed in 1994, which is however obsolete, and does not meet the contemporary needs. The adequate legal basis for Russia-EU cooperation in the gas sector is still missing. The protection of investments in the gas sector is being realized by bilateral agreements between Russia and EU member states, soft law and general international agreements, without any specifications for those two partners. The only international instrument covering the energy relations of these two partners - Energy Charter Treaty cannot be considered as a reliable mechanism, as Russia withdrew from it more than 8 years ago. The reasons of the withdrawal and the Yukos case as an illustrative example are discussed in this paper. In order to avoid uncertainty in such strategic area as gas investment relations and unpredictable decisions between the states represented by the commercial entities, there is a need to design a substantive legal basis, and a need to consider on the adequate dispute resolution body. In this thesis, key...