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31	Les accords collectifs de groupe / The group agreements Théodoropoulos, Alexandra 18 November 2015 (has links) D’abord cantonnés au secteur industriel, les groupes de sociétés se sont progressivement développés dans l’ensemble des secteurs d’activités et sont devenus en quelques années des acteurs incontournables de la vie économique et sociale. Le regroupement d’entreprises sous la domination d’une société-mère s’est accompagné d’une recherche d’unité dans les modes de gestion et les statuts sociaux déployés dans chaque entreprise les composant. C’est dans ce contexte que s’est développée la négociation d’accords de groupe. De simple expérimentation issue de la pratique, la négociation collective de groupe est devenue un véritable niveau de négociation collective reconnue par le législateur. L’accord de groupe est désormais consacré comme une norme créatrice de droits et d’obligations entre employeurs et salariés du groupe, mais sa place dans la hiérarchie des normes n’a pas été précisée. Cette situation génère de nombreuses interrogations quant à sa portée et à ses limites : chaque apport du législateur à la construction du régime juridique des accords de groupe soulève de nouvelles difficultés avec lesquelles les partenaires sociaux doivent composer. La présente étude tentera de mettre en évidence les solutions proposées par les partenaires sociaux pour affiner et sécuriser le régime juridique applicable aux accords de groupe. / Originally confined to the industrial sector, corporate groups have gradually developed in all sectors and have become in just a few years key players in economic and social life. The business combination under supervision of parent company was accompanied by a search for unity in management methods and employees’ status. The negotiation of group agreements has developed in this context. Simple hands-on experience at the beginning, group collective bargaining has become a real level of collective bargaining recognized by the legislator. The group agreement is now set out as a standard which establishing rights and obligations between employers and employees of the group, but its place in the hierarchy of norms has not been specified. This situation generates many questions about its scope and its limits: each legislator’s contribution to the group agreements’ legal regime raises new difficulties that the social partners have to deal with. This study will attempt to identify the solutions proposed by the social partners in order to refine and secure the group agreements’ legal regime. Groupes de sociétés Accord de groupe Négociation collective Statut social Harmonisation Droits des salariés Partenaires sociaux Entreprise dominante Régime juridique Corporate groups Group agreement Collective bargaining Employees’ status Harmonization Employees’ rights Social partners Dominant firm Legal regime 340
32	Les arrhes : étude franco-chinoise / Earnest money : a franco-chinese comparative study Li, Bei 23 September 2015 (has links) En choisissant les arrhes comme objet de comparaison entre le droit français et le droit chinois, la présente étude entend montrer le lien entre la technique juridique et la fonction juridique d'une part, la relation entre la fonction d'une institution et son régime juridique d'autre part.Le mécanisme et la fonction sont deux composantes distinctes de la convention d'arrhes. Les deux systèmes juridiques (la France et la Chine) connaissent le même mécanisme, les fonctions juridiques des arrhes s'éloignent cependant considérablement. Il y a en même temps une interdépendance entre ces deux éléments. D'une part, la fonction des arrhes détermine le rôle joue par le mécanisme. De l'autre côté, l'efficacité de la fonction juridique dépend largement du mécanisme sur lequel elle s'appuie. La divergence fonctionnelle des arrhes se répercute nécessairement sur le régime de cette convention. En premier lieu, le problème du contrôle juridique se pose dans des termes différents. En second lieu, les effets juridiques du jeu des arrhes ne sont pas les mêmes en présence de différentes fonctions. La présente étude montre la nécessité d'assurer une adéquation entre la fonction poursuivie et le régime adopté. A travers l'étude des arrhes, nous entendons survoler les deux systèmes juridiques dans leur ensemble, afin d'une part de permettre aux lecteurs français de mieux connaître le droit chinois, et d'autre part de mettre en lumière les divergences qui séparent les deux pays. L'exploitation de la jurisprudence chinoise constitue d'ailleurs une originalité marquée de la présente étude. / By choosing the earnest money as the subject of comparison, the present study tries to illustrate the relationship between the legal technique and the legal function on the one hand, between the function of a legal institution and its legal regime on the other.The technique and the function are two distinct components of the deposit. The technique of deposit is the same in the two contrary, where as its functions differs a lot. At the same time, there is an interdependance between those two elements. The function of the deposit determines the role played by the technique. In return, the efficiency of the function depends on the legal technique used. The functional difference also has an impact on the legal regime of the earnest money. Firstly, the problem of judicial control of the clause are not solved in the same way. Secondly, the legal effets produised by the contract of deposit varies according to the its different functions. The present study shows the necessity to assure the adequacy between the function of a institution and its legal regime.Through this research, we intend to provide an over view of the two legal systems, in order not only to give the french readers a complete picture about Chinese law, but also to bring to light the divergences which seperate French law and Chinese law. The massive use of the chinese courts' decisions constitute a remarquable feature of present work. Arrhes Acompte Clause pénale Condition potestative Dédit Droit comparé Fonction juridique Mécanisme juridique Régime juridique Earnest money Down payment Penalty clause Potestative condition Forfeit Comparative law Legal function Legal technique Legal regime
33	Obchodní aktivity podniku v zahraničí / Foreign Business Activities of Company Doležel, Vladimír January 2008 (has links) This Master’s thesis has been elaborated on the basis of a real issue, which a company, which decided to procure it’s full time presence in the Austria’s market, is facing. The analysis of the present state, which proved the rationality of the decision, is followed by a theoretical fundament of this thesis, that lays the foundations of the specific proposal leading to reach the aim given by the company. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the core of the international trade and its brief history. The thesis is further focused on the areas of the international trade important for solving the given issue. The main areas are as follows: international trade legal regime, law of international trade, risks in the international trade, ways of penetration into a foreign market. Based on the knowledge attained in the theoretical part of this thesis, while applying them, I have come to the conclusion, that it would be best for the company to establish a branch office in the Austria. The conclusion is followed by a factual proposal of progress supplemented by a calculation of costs of establishing the branch office and calculation of operating costs for the first year. I am also proposing a strategy for legal relationships being concluded by a branch office and marketing strategy for the first year.
34	Do regime jurídico das sanções urbanísticas / The legal regime of urban law infringements Rosso, Maximiliano 11 April 2008 (has links) Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:27:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maximiliano Rosso.pdf: 1363995 bytes, checksum: 07180889ca41cb098adb80cf72f4b2a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-11 / The present essay intends to reveal the legal regime of urban law infringements, based on the Brazilian legal system. Cities´ development resulted, especially after the Industrial Revolution, in significant displacement of population towards urban centers. Bringing around a series of problems to all inhabitants, not only of urban but also of rural areas. Urban law plays an important role in such scenario, as a means of organizing land usage and inhabitation. Relying, among other means, on the correction of infringements to achieve such role. Urban law has been granted by Brazilian legal system specific rules and principles. Likewise, laws regarding correction of infringements are also guided by specific principles. Urban and correctional law principles complete one another, offering a distinctive regime : the legal regime of urban law infringements. Compelling property to be used for a socially defined purpose. In obedience to the social function of property / O presente trabalho tem por objeto, com fulcro no direito positivo pátrio, revelar um regime jurídico próprio às sanções urbanísticas. O desenvolvimento das cidades, recentemente impulsionado pela Revolução Industrial, trouxe grandes contingentes populacionais a espaços físicos reduzidos. E, também, uma série de problemas a todos os seres humanos, seja das cidades, seja do campo. Entra em cena o direito urbanístico, com a missão de organizar os espaços habitáveis. E, dentre os instrumentos à disposição do direito urbanístico para regular os espaços urbanos, temos as sanções. Trata-se de ramo do direito que adquiriu autonomia, contando com normas específicas e princípios próprios. Da mesma forma, a atividade administrativa sancionadora também é regida por princípios peculiares. Os princípios sancionadores e urbanísticos se imbricam e se completam, fornecendo o que podemos chamar de regime de direito sancionador administrativo urbanístico. Permitindo-se nortear a atividade sancionadora em face do princípio da função social da propriedade Urbanismo Cidades Direito urbanístico Sanção Ilícito Princípios Direito sancionador Função social da propriedade Direito urbanistico --Brasil Sancoes (Direito) -- Brasil Cities Urban law Infringement Correction Principles Legal regime of urban law infringements Social function of property
35	La société anonyme unipersonnelle en droit OHADA : étude critique / The one-person limited company under the OHADA LAW : A Critical Study N'Takpé, Adjoua Marie-Hortense 30 June 2016 (has links) Le régime juridique de la société anonyme unipersonnelle (SAU) de droitOHADA est défini par renvoi au régime prévu pour la SA pluripersonnelle, avec desadaptations minimales. En réalité, le caractère unipersonnel de la SA lui confère une certaineparticularité qui rend inappropriée la transposition pure et simple des règles du modèlepluripersonnel. Outre les difficultés d’application qu’elle entraîne souvent, la technique durenvoi laisse irrésolues de nombreuses questions suscitées par l’unipersonnalité. Le régimejuridique de la SAU dans son ensemble en ressort insuffisamment adapté à l’unicitéd’actionnaire.Une adaptation du régime juridique de la SAU de droit OHADA au particularisme del’unipersonnalité devient alors nécessaire. Elle doit être entreprise sous fond de simplificationdes règles, d’une part à l’égard de la société, à travers les règles relatives à sa constitution et àson évolution, d’autre part, à l’égard des acteurs que sont l’actionnaire unique, les organesd’administration et de contrôle.Au-delà de son approche critique, l’étude a surtout pour ambition de proposer unmodèle de société anonyme unipersonnelle au régime juridique plus lisible, simple et attractif. / The one-person limited company under the OHADA LAW has seen itslegal regime being defined with reference to the regime of the multi-persons limited company,with minimum adaptations. In fact the one-person character of the Limited company gives it a certain peculiarity that renders inappropriate the pure and simple transportation of rules of the multi-person limited company model. Besides the difficulty of implementation that it oftenentails, the technique of referring leaves unresolved many questions raised by the one-personlimited company model. The legal regime of the one-person limited company as a whole thatarises is insufficiently adapted to the unique shareholder.An adaptation of the one-person limited company legal regime of the OHADA LAWto the particularity of the one-person thus becomes necessary. It has to be undertaken underthe simplification of rules, on the one hand with regards to the company, through rules relatedto its constitution and its evolution, on the other hand, with respect to the actors that are thesole shareholders, administrative and control bodies. Acte unilatéral Acteur Actionnaire unique Adaptation Administrateur général Aménagement Constitution ab initio Constitution par réunion des actions Contrat avec soi-même Étude critique Dissolution-confusion Dissolution-liquidation Droit OHADA Harmonisation Pluripersonnalité Régime juridique Réunion des actions en une main SA classique SA pluripersonnelle Séparation des patrimoines Société anonyme unipersonnelle Transmission universelle du patrimoine Unipersonnalité Unilateral act Actor Sole shareholder Adaptation General administrator Planning Constitution ab initio Constitution by shares Contract with oneself Critical study Dissolution-confusion Dissolution-liquidation OHADA LAW Harmonisation Multi-persons Legal regime Meeting of shares in one hand Classical limited company Multi-persons limited company Separation of property One-person limited company Transfer off assets One-person 340

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