Turkey has lived an awakening after the earthquakes of 17 August 1996 in Marmara and 12 November 1999 in D&uuml / zce. Turkey has paid the cost of a delayed awakening with the loss of approximately 45,000 citizens and 20 billion dollars. Turkey, which is located on active seismic fault lines, has previously encountered such destructive earthquakes but necessary measures have not been taken due to the previous earthquakes not striking the large metropolis and industrial zones, lower losses in terms of lives and property, and lack of interest of the media in terms of the issue. The importance and necessity of building inspection could only be realized after said disaster. Subsequently, the Ministry has worked like a factory producing laws, regulations and decrees having the force of law and has implemented numerous practices in a rush. Said practices containing the post-earthquake haste and reactive approaches are currently still being discussed and could only be regulated within a period of 2-3 years. This study will examine the building inspection system, which has been applied in Turkey prior to the earthquakes of 1999, which are considered as a sad turning point, and the laws and applications related with thereof. Subsequently, the building inspection practices of certain countries, unions and international legislations will be discussed in order to provide for examination and comparison of the laws, regulations and practices, enacted by the Ministry after 1999, at international level. The study will be concluded with the examination of the building inspection systems recommended after the year 1999, study of the inefficient aspects and recommendation of specific solutions.

Masters in Public Administration - MPA / The study is based on intergovernmental fiscal relations in South Africa. The focus area is on the current fiscal arrangements. The equitable sharing of nationally collected revenue - the manner in which finances are transferred from central to sub-national governments; vertical and horizontal division, conditional grants are explored. Sub­ national governments' fiscal capacity; their tax base and borrowing powers are also examined. Various legislation, institutions and structures as well as practices in the intergovernmental fiscal system are explored in order to evaluate the effectiveness and efficacy of the emerging fiscal system. Historical developments of intergovernmental financial relations in South Africa are explored in order to explain why certain things in the current fiscal system are done and others not; where other practices originated and what prompted the current system. Cooperative governance is discussed, as fiscal arrangements are impossible if the three spheres of government do not co-ordinate their functions and Legislation. The study employs both the qualitative and quantitative method of data collection, including secondary sources, which comprise library books, journal articles, policy documents and newspapers and news bulletins. Primary sources used, are interviews with personnel from the Financial and Fiscal Commission, provincial and local governments as well as members of the general public. The study concludes th.at the emerging intergovernmental fiscal system in South Africa is still in a state of flux, in the light of enabling legislation still outstanding and some institutions and structures. of promoting cooperative government lacking teeth, it will take a while for the system to reach a state where it could be declared effective and efficient

Purpose – This study aims to compare existing certification schemes to the legislation in Sweden to see which measures the best are to ensure the sustainability of Swedish wool when using it as a raw material. Design/methodology/approach - The study follows a qualitative research approach. The comparative analysis research design was chosen as the data analysis method. Data is collected from desktop research and interviews with experts in wool, farmers, and companies working with Swedish wool and certification schemes. Findings - Regarding Swedish animal welfare legislation covers more than the wool certifications. It is suggested to have a certificate for foreign wool as it might not have as strong animal welfare law. The consumer should be educated about animal welfare, social rights, and environmental regulations in Sweden for the legislation to be enough to prove the sustainability of Swedish wool. Research limitations/implications - This study does not include a detailed description of all the existing global wool certifications as not all are relevant in the context of the Swedish market. Only some Swedish legislation about animal welfare and farming practices is included. This research excludes the barriers of the existing Swedish wool SC and the process from raw material to fabric. Practical implications - Swedish wool industry and market can acknowledge the opportunities and barriers connected to the sustainability of wool and consider the right tool to support that. The comparative analysis describes the inputs and challenges of the Swedish legislation and three wool certifications for companies and farmers to decide what is best for them. The study revealed essential aspects for the Swedish wool industry on how they can grow to utilise more wool and have sustainable growth. Originality/value – A comparison between certifications and legislation in Sweden has not been conducted before. It is essential to see the differences and similarities between them to support the growth of the Swedish wool industry. Certifications can bring critical knowledge of the quality and sustainability of the wool. Swedish animal welfare regulations and laws are extensive and more comprehensive than other countries.

The essence of this study is to review and to assess the extent to which transformation has materialized in the South African public service. Transformation has implied a fundamental reframing of the South African public service, replacing an old system with a new one. Through different legislations, objectives to improve the lives of the South Africans were set. The Department of Health, amongst others, was selected to pilot service delivery initiative because an improved health system would contribute directly to the improvement and expansion of human resource potential of the country. After a decade, it is still essential to assess a government’s performance in order to observe if there is progress in terms of services delivered to the people. The purpose is not really to pass or fail a particular initiative but to identify weaknesses and to suggest how these can be remedied and also to inform the community about the developments made. / Dissertation (MAdmin (Public Administration))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / School of Public Management and Administration (SPMA) / unrestricted

This thesis focuses on exacerbating chemicals risk in workplaces under the background of rapid industrialization in developing countries. The overall aim is to investigate the development of regulatory tools which aim at minimizing the health risks from chemical substances in the workplace. The contents of the thesis are divided into three sections: the profile of occupational diseases in China (paper I), occupational exposure limits (paper II and III), and comparison between chemicals regulat ions in Europe and China (paper IV). Paper I presents an analysis of the development of occupational diseases in China between 2000 and 2010. The number of recorded cases of occupational diseases increased rapidly in China during this period and the majority of cases were attributable to dust and other chemicals exposures. Difficulties in diagnosis and inefficient surveillance are major impediments to the proper identification and mitigation of occupational diseases. Migrant workers are extremely vulnerable to occupational hazards. Paper II investigates the state of harmonization of OELs between twenty-five OEL systems in Europe and Asia. The majority of the investigated organizations declare themselves to have been influenced by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), and in many cases this can be empirically confirmed. However, large international differences still exist in substance selection and in the level of OELs among organizations. Paper III explores the setting of risk-based OELs on non-threshold carcinogens. Relatively few agencies set risk-based OELs. Differences exist in policy, both regarding the magnitude of risk considered as tolerable or acceptable and whether a general risk level or case-by-case substance-specific risk levels are determined. In regards to the level of the OELs both differences in science and policy contribute, and it was not possible to determine which has the larger influence. Paper III explores the setting of risk-based OELs on non-threshold carcinogens. Relatively few agencies set risk-based OELs. Differences exist in policy, both regarding the magnitude of risk considered as tolerable or acceptable and whether a general risk level or case-by-case substance-specific risk levels are determined. In regards to the level of the OELs both differences in science and policy contribute, and it was not possible to determine which has the larger influence. Paper IV systematically compares the regulation systems for chemicals in the EU and China in terms of substances covered, requirement on information, risk assessment and risk management. It shows that the European and Chinese chemicals legislations are remarkably similar.The differences are larger in terms of substance coverage and data requirements than in terms of risk assessment and management. Substitution of hazardous substances is driven more by updates of the EU regulatory system than of the Chinese system. / <p>QC 20130830</p>

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-06-06T16:16:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Monica Joao Imbana.pdf: 2201719 bytes, checksum: 5bee149021534bc9c369e75d3120e325 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-06T16:16:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Monica Joao Imbana.pdf: 2201719 bytes, checksum: 5bee149021534bc9c369e75d3120e325 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-06 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The craft of clay in the city of Tracunhaém is an important sector of economic activity that generates employments and income for many families and features renowned artists, which makes the city one of the largest referral centers in the art of modeling clay in the country. This activity uses in its production process as the main energy input to the wood, and this demand causes a considerable impact on local biomes. The study was conducted by the Association of craftsmen Tracunhaém city, located in the Zona da Mata of Pernambuco. Data collection was conducted between June- December 2011, through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with artisans to analyze the environmental perception regarding the use of forest biomass (wood) of the forest in its activity. Examined the context of craft activity in the city of Tracunhaém / PE, it was found that the majority of artisans (craftsmen 49) have their own wood-fired ovens in operation, and 29 artisans who did not have ovens themselves, but use third-party electric furnaces and 03, only 01 active and 02 kilns remain unused due to lack of a training program, enabling craftsmen to handle them properly to avoid accidents, it was identified that wood is the main source of energy matrix for the craft, was also identified that 70% of wood consumed comes from the backwoods of Pernambuco wood and 23% comes from the state of Paraiba. Further identified that 7% of firewood consumed is unknown. It was found that 79% of artisans (craftsmen 62) use an average of 05 cubic meters of wood per week, the activity of its ceramics since this demand is considerable development activity weekly. It is therefore necessary for the implementation of actions by the Municipality of Tracunhaém / PE in relation to environmental education for the artisans of the clay can make sustainable use of firewood on his craf activity. / O artesanato do barro na cidade de Tracunhaém é importante setor da atividade econômica que gera trabalho e renda para muitas famílias e conta com renomados artistas, o que faz da cidade um dos maiores centros de referência na arte da modelagem do barro no país. Esta atividade no seu processo produtivo utiliza como principal insumo energético à lenha, e esta demanda causa um impacto considerável nos biomas locais. O estudo foi conduzido junto à Associação dos artesãos da cidade de Tracunhaém, localizada na zona da Mata de Pernambuco. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de junho a dezembro de 2011, através de aplicação de questionários e de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os artesãos para analisar a percepção ambiental em relação ao uso da biomassa florestal (lenha) da mata nativa na sua atividade. Analisado o contexto da atividade de artesanato na cidade de Tracunhaém/PE, constatou-se que a maioria dos artesãos (49 artesãos) possuem os fornos próprios à lenha em atividade, além de 29 artesãos que não possuem os fornos próprios, mas utilizam de terceiros e 03 fornos elétricos, apenas 01 em atividade, e 02 fornos permanecem sem utilização, devido à falta de um programa de capacitação, que permitam aos artesãos manuseá-los corretamente de modo a evitar acidentes, constatou-se que a lenha é a principal fonte da matriz energética para o artesanato, também foi identificado que 70% de lenha consumida vem do Sertão do Pernambuco e 23% de lenha vem do Estado da Paraíba. Também foi identificado que 7% de lenha consumida tem origem desconhecida. Constatou-se ainda que 79% dos artesãos (62 artesãos) utilizam em média 05 m³ de lenha por semana, na atividade do artesanato de barro, visto que essa demanda é considerável para o desenvolvimento da atividade semanalmente. Sendo assim, é necessário à implantação de ações por parte da prefeitura do município de Tracunhaém/PE em relação à Educação Ambiental para que os artesãos do barro possam fazer o uso sustentável de lenha na sua atividade do artesanato.

Orientador: Edison Favero / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T08:54:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CastroPerez_DenisRoberto_M.pdf: 10998353 bytes, checksum: 0e04f9184b6982b9301f851aa3849138 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta um estudo que investiga formas de regulamentação de acesso ao sol e da sua qualificação, nos processos de planejamento urbano e projeto do edifício. Pela grande disponibilidade de sol e luz natural no país, torna-se recomendável esta regulamentação. Com o aprofundamento do conhecimento do envelope solar e a introdução do seu conceito nas legislações urbanísticas, é possível garantir o direito, em legislação específica, do acesso ao sol conforme determinantes climáticas. Esta pesquisa visa a proposição de subsídios para a reformulação e adequação, ou criação de novas legislações, bem como conscientizar o Poder Público para o uso do envelope solar e de outras condicionantes na emissão de diretrizes que servirão para dar início ao projeto arquitetônico. A pesquisa foi norteada pela construção dos envelopes solares, por latitude, orientação, em determinadas horas no solstício de inverno, em zonas urbanas do município de Campinas com distintas densidades. Com o auxílio de ferramentas CAD e de outros programas de computação, foram construídos os envelopes solares que serviram de base para a obtenção de dados e análises das relações entre os índices urbanísticos com as características físicas dos terrenos, edifícios, vizinhança, densidades, insolação e sombreamento, com a verificação da legislação local. Finalmente, são apresentados os resultados obtidos - conclusões que poderão contribuir para o crescimento urbano organizado e sustentável, abrindo novas possibilidades de projetos para o desenho urbano e a arquitetura / Abstract: This work presents a study that investigates forms of regulation of access to the sun and its qualification, in the processes of urban planning and project of the building. Given the great availability of sun and natural light in the country, this regulation becomes recommendable. With the spread of the knowledge about the solar envelope and the introduction of its concept in the urbanistic legislations, it is possible to guarantee the right to the sun access according to specific climatic conditions. This research aims at the proposal of subsidies for the reformularization and adequacy, or creation of new legislations, as well as to acquire knowledge the Public Power for the use of the solar envelope and other directivies to the architectural project. The research was guided by the construction of the solar envelopes, by latitude, orientation, in determined hours in the winter solstice, in urban zones of the city of Campinas with distinct densities. With the aid of CAD tools and other programs of computation, the constructed solar envelopes that had served as basis for the attainment of data and analyses of the relations between the urbanistic indexes and the physical characteristics of lands, buildings, neighborhood, densities, insolation and shadowing, with the verification of the local legislation. Finally, conclusions are presented the gotten results - that will be able to contribute for the organized and sustainable urban growth, opening new possibilities of projects for the urban drawing and architecture / Mestrado / Arquitetura e Construção / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

This report describes the Chinese truck transport industry; how companies in that industry manage their businesses and the problems they face regarding how they can conduct their long-haulage transport business as efficiently as possible. The method used in this thesis is a qualitative approach where data mainly have been collected through interviews with transport companies. Initially, the components necessary for road transport are discussed, what separates them and how legal demands limit them. Through studies and interviews with transport companies in China and Europe, differences between the different continents are identified in terms of development level and efficiency in logistics handling. These aspects are connected to factors such as salary differences and legislations to finally identify three key segments for the Chinese market. These segments are then analyzed individually and compared against each other to identify one segment where an optimized semi-trailer could improve the current segment and also be an attractive product, for transport companies in that segment as well as for semi-trailer manufacturing companies. Specifications for a proposed semi-trailer are suggested based on needs for that segment. Finally different options for the introduction of such a product at the Chinese market are investigated considering risk-taking, profit requirements and feasibility. This study shows and arguments that there is a big market potential for better semi-trailers than the ones used in the market today and that the segment with the biggest improvement possibilities is a segment where both weight and volume are bottlenecks in the daily business. This study further shows that a high potential can be seen through a growing market and new legislations in China which implies that current semi-trailers will have to be phased out within a period of fifteen years to a product that fulfills the new legislations. / Denna rapport beskriver den kinesiska lastbilstransportmarknaden, hur aktörerna på denna bedriver sin verksamhet och vilka problem de står inför med avseende på att bedriva sin verksamhet så effektivt som möjligt. Använd metod är en kvalitativ approach där data huvudsakligen införskaffats genom intervjuer med transportföretag. Inledningsvis diskuteras de ingående fordonstyper som utgör en bas för lastbilstransporter, deras olika egenskaper, vad som skiljer dem åt och hur lagkrav begränsar dessa. Genom studier och intervjuer av transportföretag i Kina och Europa identifieras olikheter mellan de två kontinenterna vad gäller utvecklingsgrad och effektivitet i logistikhantering. Dessa kopplas ihop med faktorer så som löneskillnader och lagkrav för att slutligen dela upp den kinesiska marknaden i tre segment. Dessa segment analyseras därefter individuellt och ställs mot varandra för att identifiera ett segment där en optimerad semi-trailer dels skulle kunna förbättra det befintliga segmentet men också utgöra en attraktiv produkt för de företag som befinner sig däri, samt för företag som producerar semi-trailers. Specifikationer för den föreslagna semi-trailern läggs fram baserat på behov i det segmentet. Slutligen utvärderas olika möjligheter för att introducera en sådan produkt på den kinesiska marknaden med avseende på risktagande, vinstkrav och genomförbarhet. Denna studie visar och argumenterar för att det finns en stor marknad för bättre semi-trailers än de som marknaden för närvarande använder och att det segment där störst vinst kan göras är ett segment där både vikt och volym utgör flaskhalsar för den dagliga verksamheten. Studien visar vidare att det finns en potential i semi-trailerförsäljning på den Kinesiska marknaden genom förändrade lagkrav vilka kräver att nuvarande semi-trailers byts ut från marknaden inom en femtonårs period och ersätts med nya lagliga.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:39:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Regiane Yuriko Hioki.pdf: 498093 bytes, checksum: 39ed65cb8dbeb0dc398127b7d1674918 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-14 / Due to the increase of trading volume resulting from Investment Banks activities, such as mergers and acquisitions, spin-off operations and securities issues (shares, subscription bonus and debentures), and because of the material values involved in these transactions, the regulations become essential in order to avoid the misuse of insider information. Due to those facts it becomes essential that regulators and financial institutions adopt best practices of corporate governance, as a mechanism of defense, especially as regard to the aspects of Information Barriers - Chinese Wall. The purpose of the research was to examine the main laws and regulations issued by regulatory bodies, associations and self regulatory organizations presents in Brazil, USA and England, as well as compare them. To accomplish it was conducted a descriptive study based on literature and secondary data analysis, which contemplated laws and recommendations issued by regulators, associations and self regulatory organizations. As a result were not identified regulatory gaps, either big issue when comparing the laws. It was observed in Brazil, unlike what happens in the United States and England, that the guides are not centralized in one regulatory body, association or self regulatory organizations. It was also found that some of the regulations in the market due to its wideness some interpretations and guidelines have been developed in order to assist its implementation / Em decorrência do aumento do volume de negociações efetuadas por Bancos de Investimentos, como as operações de fusões e aquisições, cisões de empresas e emissão de valores mobiliários (ações, bônus de subscrição e debêntures), e consequentemente pela relevância dos valores financeiros envolvidos nestas transações, torna-se necessária à existência de regulamentações visando coibir o uso indevido de informações privilegiadas insider information. Desta forma torna-se fundamental que os órgãos reguladores e instituições financeiras adotem boas práticas de governança corporativa, como mecanismos de defesa, principalmente no que tange aos aspectos de Barreiras da Informação Chinese Wall. O objetivo da pesquisa foi de analisar as principais legislações e regulamentações emitidas por órgãos reguladores, associações independentes e entidades autorreguladoras presentes no Brasil, Estados Unidos e Inglaterra acerca das práticas de Barreiras de Informação Chinese Wall, bem como comparar as regulamentações vigentes nos países objeto de estudo. Para tanto, foi realizado estudo descritivo com base em pesquisa bibliográfica e análises de dados secundários, o qual contempla as legislações e recomendações emanadas pelos reguladores, associações independentes e entidades autorreguladoras. Como resultado não foram identificadas lacunas regulamentares, tampouco divergências representativas entre as legislações. Observou-se no Brasil, diferentemente do que ocorre nos Estados Unidos e Inglaterra, que os direcionamentos não estão centralizados em um único órgão regulador, associação independente ou entidade autorreguladora. Constatouse também, que as algumas regulamentações vigentes no mercado brasileiro devido à sua amplitude, possuem interpretações e orientações de forma a auxiliar a sua respectiva implementação