Em Arquiteturas Abertas e Orientadas a Serviços (Service Oriented Architectures - SOA) a preocupação com a área de segurança tem recebido importante atenção no desenho das aplicações em função das vulnerabilidades intrínsecas associadas a este novo paradigma. Este trabalho tem por objetivo propor um arcabouço para o desenvolvimento seguro de aplicações em SOA, com foco nos aspectos de segurança através da validação dos consumidores de serviços e seus dispositivos de acesso. Para este objetivo, foi conduzido um estudo sobre as abordagens tradicionais para a segurança em soluções Web uma vez que esta é a plataforma predominante na implementação de soluções SOA. Neste estudo, foi identificado que uma área fértil para contribuição à segurança em soluções SOA é o atestamento dos componentes ou programas consumidores de serviços. Por atestamento, deve-se entender um processo de verificação da legitimidade dos participantes (indivíduos, hardware e software) de uma cadeia de acesso. Como resultado deste trabalho, foi proposto um arcabouço, denominado ASACS (Arcabouço para Segurança por Atestamento dos Consumidores de Serviços), para controle de acesso aos serviços baseado na validação de etapas de atestamento dos consumidores. Estas etapas vão desde o fornecimento de informações sobre a plataforma de execução dos consumidores até a análise comportamental para definir o grau de confiança de cada consumidor em uma rede distribuída de serviços. A utilização do arcabouço traz um importante reforço à segurança ao buscar a negação de acesso a consumidores mal intencionados, não legítimos ou que tenham sido alvo de ataque. Como principal contribuição, este arcabouço orienta uma abordagem estruturada para a validação de legitimidade dos consumidores e de seus dispositivos e programas de acesso, resultando na necessidade de um aumento dos esforços requeridos para um ataque na tentativa de violar a segurança dos serviços oferecidos. / In Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) the concern with security has received important focus on solution design as a consequence of intrinsic vulnerabilities at the basis of this new paradigm. This work proposes a framework to secure development of SOA applications, with a special attention to security matters regarding validation of service consumers and its access means. In order to accomplish this goal, it was conducted a research over traditional approaches for security in Web applications, considering that Web platform is definitely dominant for SOA implementation. In this research, validation of service consumers was figured out as a promising area to security enforcement. Validation of service consumers states for a process to verify legitimacy of participants (individuals, hardware and software) in an access chain. As result of this work, it was proposed the framework ASACS designed to control accesses to service providers based on consumers legitimacy validation stages. Such validation stages cover since a check of client stations boot stack layers until a behavioral monitoring to graduate trust levels for each consumer in a network of distributed services. The framework adoption promotes security enforcement while avoiding access from malicious consumers, non legitimate ones or genuine consumers compromised by an attacker. As principal contribution, this framework guides to a structured approach to validate legitimacy of consumers and its programs and access means, requiring higher levels of efforts to an attack attempting violate the security of published services.

O que se pretende nesta pesquisa é buscar os procedimentos e pressupostos que conferem legitimidade à lei jurídica dentro da perspectiva da política kantiana. A pesquisa seguirá por três caminhos de investigação: primeiramente, a partir do artigo À paz perpétua e da Metafísica dos Costumes se busca lançar as bases do problema retomando a argumentação acerca da origem do Estado. Pela análise dos mecanismos e razões que conduziram à formação do Estado, perpassa-se por questões centrais da política kantiana como o estado de natureza, o contrato originário, a organização jurídica do estado civil e o republicanismo. Em um segundo momento, um passo inicial é incitar o debate sobre a fundamentação do direito ser externa ou interna, isto é, se a própria norma jurídica é suficiente para fundamentar a si mesma ou se necessita de um embasamento externo. Recorre-se à Fundamentação da metafísica dos costumes a fim de resgatar dali os conceitos de autonomia da vontade, o procedimento de universalização da máxima e o imperativo categórico a fim de estabelecer como se legitima a lei moral. Enfim, a última etapa argumentativa pretende efetivamente explorar se há um conflito e como resolvê-lo no que tange à conciliação entre o direito e a ética: como harmonizar a lei legítima fruto do republicanismo (advinda de uma representatividade) à lei que concorda com a autonomia da vontade. / This study aims to seek the mechanisms and conditions that legitimise the legal law on the scope of kantian politics. This research will be divided in three argumentative moments. The first one is related to groundworking the problem by proceeding the arguments of Toward Perpetual Peace and Metaphysics of Morals about the origins of the State. Through the analysis of the mechanisms and reasons that guide to the State formation we aim to point some central questions on the kantian politics as the state of nature, the original contract, the juridical civil organisation of the state and the republicanism. The second argumentative moment, our first step is to promote the debate about the foundation of Law being internal or external. So we use the \"Groundwork of Metaphysic of Morals\" to rescue the concepts of autonomy of will, categorical imperative and the universalisation of maxim in order to expose how the moral law finds its legitimacy as well as if this procedure serves as example to be followed to legitimise the legal law. Finally, the last moment of this study is dedicated to think if there is a conflict between Law and ethics and how to solve it - how to articulate the legitimacy of the republicanism law (that comes from a political representation) to the law that comes from the autonomy of will.

My journey starts off using photography as a tool to investigate materiality, body, object and space. During my trip I constructed a photo, or as I see it, translated a 2D photo into a 3D form. I travel through material values and the relationship between material and form, encountering questions on legitimacy and hierarchy: Why does some material become more real? What charachterizes these material and gives them more credibility? Why do we value material differently? The path I follow consist of fused material: digital, traditional and unknown. My expedition challenges craft, the definition of the handmade, and the concept of the final piece.

Cette thèse combine par son objet d’étude deux défis importants auxquels sont confrontées les PME françaises : la RSE et la reprise d’entreprise. Elle propose d’explorer les impacts de la démarche RSE initiée par un repreneur externe sur sa légitimité auprès des salariés. Dans la première partie de cette thèse, après une revue de littérature sur les concepts de la légitimité et de la RSE en contexte des PME, nous mettons en évidence une convergence entre les implications managériales de la RSE et les déterminants de la légitimité. La deuxième partie s’attache à étudier empiriquement cette relation. Sur le plan méthodologique, cette recherche s’inscrit dans une approche exploratoire, combinant une étude de cas multiples (9 cas analysés, 46 entretiens) et une enquête par questionnaire auprès d’un échantillon de 80 repreneurs.Les résultats permettent d’abord d’apporter un éclairage sur les moyens à disposition d’un repreneur pour construire sa légitimité auprès de ses salariés ; ensuite de montrer un impact positif de la RSE sur les trois déterminants de la légitimité d’un repreneur : a) instrumental, en permettant au repreneur de développer son entreprise et de satisfaire les intérêts économiques des salariés ; b) relationnel, en orientant ses pratiques RH vers plus de justice et d’équité ; c) moral, en lui offrant l'occasion de construire un projet de reprise autour d’un ensemble de valeurs éthiques et morales appréciées et partagées par les salariés. Enfin, cette recherche identifie les différents mécanismes psychologiques par lesquels la RSE participe à la légitimité d’un repreneur, ainsi que leurs facteurs d’influence. / In a context in which corporate social responsibility (CSR) and business transfer appear to be two major challenges faced by French SMEs, a particular attention should be given to the CSR practices introduced by the external successor of SMEs. Thus, this article proposes to explore the effects of CSR practices initiated by external successors on their legitimacy among their employees. In the first part, a literature review on the concepts of legitimacy and CSR in the context of small businesses showed a convergence between the managerial implications of CSR and the determinants of legitimacy. The second part is devoted to an empirical analysis of this relationship. The research methodology is based on an exploratory approach, combining a multiple case study (9 cases analyzed, 46 interviews) and a questionnaire survey.Firstly, our results shed light on the means at the disposal of the successor to build his legitimacy among his employees ; then the results show the positive effect of the CSR practices on the three determinants of external successor’s legitimacy : a) instrumental, by allowing the external successor to develop his business and satisfy the economic interests of employees ; b) relational, through the positive impact of CSR on the fairness his HR practices ; c) moral, by offering him the opportunity to develop a new project around a set of ethical and moral values appreciated and shared by employees. Finally, this research identifies the different psychological mechanisms by which CSR contributes to the external successor’s legitimacy, as well as their influence factors.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-08-11T13:40:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Raquel Fortes Gatto.pdf: 3053876 bytes, checksum: 610f43c7ba2fdfc7002a73157934327e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-11T13:40:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Raquel Fortes Gatto.pdf: 3053876 bytes, checksum: 610f43c7ba2fdfc7002a73157934327e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-12 / The thesis deals with the legitimacy of the consensus mechanisms that set rules for the society on the Internet. For a more complete understanding of the concept of Internet, it is necessary to go beyond technology: the Internet also involves legal, regulatory, economic, social and cultural development. The Internet Governance is exercised by various mechanisms for transparent, pluralist and democratic manner. Indeed, the Internet was built on the cooperation of many individuals and institutions and this pluralistic character should be reflected and preserved in the way it is managed, under penalty of losing the heart of what has been achieved successful networking: global collaboration. Overall, Western society has embraced the premise of liberties, especially in private relationships in which it operates the Internet regulation. In other words, the right only reaches society in specific cases, and what may unregulated part of the sphere of freedom. In this sense, we revisit the traditional philosophers Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau to bring a renewed view of the social contract and the safeguard of liberties and equality. We also look for John Rawls with the Theory of Justice as fairness. This is the reason why this research project proposes to investigate the characteristics of the information society under the aspects of political philosophy to defend the legitimacy of public and regulatory policy-making beyond the traditional model of composition and representation of the State. This is a bibliographic and document based study, referring to the doctrinal work, periodicals, thesis, dissertations, among others, as well as recommendations of technical standards and international agreements / A tese versa sobre a legitimidades dos mecanismos de consenso para definer as regras na sociedade da Internet. Para um entendimento mais completo do conceito de Internet, faz-se necessário ir além da tecnologia: a Internet também envolve aspectos legais, regulatórios, econômicos, de desenvolvimento social e cultural. A Governança da Internet é exercido por diversos mecanismos de forma transparente, pluralista e democrática. Com efeito, a Internet foi construída com base na colaboração de muitos indivíduos e instituições e este caráter pluralista deve ser refletido e preservado na forma como ela é gerida, sob pena de se perder o cerne daquilo que se logrou o sucesso da rede: a colaboração global. De forma geral, nota-se que as sociedade ocidentais construírem-se a partir da premissa da liberdade, sobretudo nas relações privadas nas quais se insere a regulação da Internet. Em outras palavras, o direito só alcança a sociedade em casos específicos, sendo que o que não vier regulado faz parte da esfera de liberdade. Nesse sentido, revisitamos os contratualistas tradicionais Hobbes, Locke e Rousseau para trazer a rediscussão do fundamento do pacto social que trata das liberdades e igualdades. Buscamos ainda John Rawls com a base constratualista mais recente da Teoria de Justiça como equidade. Eis a razão pela qual o presente projeto de pesquisa propõe investigar as características dessa Sociedade da Informação sob os aspectos da filosofia política para defender a legitimidade de formulação de políticas públicas e regulatório, além do modelo tradicional de composição e representatividade do Estado. Trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico e documental, remetendo-se às produções doutrinárias em obras, periódicos, teses, dissertações, bem como recomendações de padrões técnicos e acordos internacionais

A crítica de Habermas à União Europeia no que concerne seu processo político de integração é de inegável importância na contribuição tanto do pensamento habermasiano quanto dos estudos europeus. Partindo-se desta premissa, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo abordar cronologicamente toda a reflexão do filósofo a fim de apresentar suas críticas nos momentos cruciais do bloco. Inicialmente, analisa-se o diagnóstico do autor do paradigma sistêmico no período de formação da união política, e sua resposta aos desafios do bloco à época: o patriotismo constitucional. Segue-se com os momentos da discussão do Tratado Constitucional e a inflexão da crítica habermasiana ao introduzir o conceito de solidariedade como perspectiva para as turbulências vividas pela União Europeia. Por fim, trata-se da crítica mais recente do filósofo com relação à atual estrutura política, firmada em Lisboa. Sua narrativa da juridificação democrática elucida como arquitetar uma teoria democrática transnacional que atenda às deficiências que o projeto de integração revelou. Ao final será esclarecido como Habermas enxerga as saídas da legitimidade democrática ao longo da integração europeia, sempre acompanhando o diagnóstico do autor seguido de suas respostas. / Habermas\'s criticism of the European Union (EU) in what regards its political process of integration is of undeniable importance in the contribution for both Habermas and European studies. In this regard, the present work aims to address chronologically the considerations of the philosopher in order to present his point of views regarding crucial moments of the EU development. Initially, we analyze Habermass diagnosis of a systemic paradigm within the period of the EUs political union formation, followed by his response to the challenges of the organization at the time, giving rise to the concept of constitutional patriotism. The work continues with the period of the discussion of the Constitutional Treaty and the turning point of the Habermasian critique by introducing the notion of solidarity as a perspective for the turbulences experienced by the EU. Finally, we turn to the author\'s more recent critique of the current political structure, established by the Lisbon Treaty. His narrative of democratic juridification elucidates how to architect a transnational democratic theory that meets the deficiencies that the integration project revealed. Finally it will be clarified how Habermas may explain possible perspectives for democratic legitimacy throughout European integration, always through the diagnosis made by the author, followed by his answers to the given problem.

周濂. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2005. / 參考文獻(p. 217-224). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts also in English. / Lun wen (Zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2005. / Can kao wen xian (p. 217-224). / Zhou Lian.

Em Arquiteturas Abertas e Orientadas a Serviços (Service Oriented Architectures - SOA) a preocupação com a área de segurança tem recebido importante atenção no desenho das aplicações em função das vulnerabilidades intrínsecas associadas a este novo paradigma. Este trabalho tem por objetivo propor um arcabouço para o desenvolvimento seguro de aplicações em SOA, com foco nos aspectos de segurança através da validação dos consumidores de serviços e seus dispositivos de acesso. Para este objetivo, foi conduzido um estudo sobre as abordagens tradicionais para a segurança em soluções Web uma vez que esta é a plataforma predominante na implementação de soluções SOA. Neste estudo, foi identificado que uma área fértil para contribuição à segurança em soluções SOA é o atestamento dos componentes ou programas consumidores de serviços. Por atestamento, deve-se entender um processo de verificação da legitimidade dos participantes (indivíduos, hardware e software) de uma cadeia de acesso. Como resultado deste trabalho, foi proposto um arcabouço, denominado ASACS (Arcabouço para Segurança por Atestamento dos Consumidores de Serviços), para controle de acesso aos serviços baseado na validação de etapas de atestamento dos consumidores. Estas etapas vão desde o fornecimento de informações sobre a plataforma de execução dos consumidores até a análise comportamental para definir o grau de confiança de cada consumidor em uma rede distribuída de serviços. A utilização do arcabouço traz um importante reforço à segurança ao buscar a negação de acesso a consumidores mal intencionados, não legítimos ou que tenham sido alvo de ataque. Como principal contribuição, este arcabouço orienta uma abordagem estruturada para a validação de legitimidade dos consumidores e de seus dispositivos e programas de acesso, resultando na necessidade de um aumento dos esforços requeridos para um ataque na tentativa de violar a segurança dos serviços oferecidos. / In Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) the concern with security has received important focus on solution design as a consequence of intrinsic vulnerabilities at the basis of this new paradigm. This work proposes a framework to secure development of SOA applications, with a special attention to security matters regarding validation of service consumers and its access means. In order to accomplish this goal, it was conducted a research over traditional approaches for security in Web applications, considering that Web platform is definitely dominant for SOA implementation. In this research, validation of service consumers was figured out as a promising area to security enforcement. Validation of service consumers states for a process to verify legitimacy of participants (individuals, hardware and software) in an access chain. As result of this work, it was proposed the framework ASACS designed to control accesses to service providers based on consumers legitimacy validation stages. Such validation stages cover since a check of client stations boot stack layers until a behavioral monitoring to graduate trust levels for each consumer in a network of distributed services. The framework adoption promotes security enforcement while avoiding access from malicious consumers, non legitimate ones or genuine consumers compromised by an attacker. As principal contribution, this framework guides to a structured approach to validate legitimacy of consumers and its programs and access means, requiring higher levels of efforts to an attack attempting violate the security of published services.

abstract: This study examined the effects of procedural injustice during hypothetical police-citizen encounters. Specifically, the main effects of procedural injustice on emotional responses to police treatment, components of police legitimacy, and willingness to cooperate with the police were assessed. Importantly, this study also tested whether the effect of procedural injustice was invariant across officer gender. A factorial vignette survey that consisted of two different police encounter scenarios (i.e., potential stalking incident and traffic accident) was administered to a university-based sample (N = 525). Results showed that the effect of procedural injustice during such encounters had a powerful and significant influence on participants’ emotional responses (e.g., anger), legitimacy perceptions, and the willingness to cooperate. These effects appeared to be consistent regardless of whether the treatment was doled out by a male or female police officer. Implications of the findings in terms of theory and future research are discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Criminology and Criminal Justice 2019

This dissertation is about major natural disasters, and how they contribute to legitimacy crises of governments. Three major factors explain the emergence of a legitimacy crisis in a post-disaster context: the frequency of disaster occurrence, the quality of the government response to disasters, and the type of regime within which the government operates. Employing a large-N statistical analysis of data on major natural disasters and anti-government domestic political activities for the years between 1990 and 2010, I show that higher counts of disasters, as a rule, increase the risks of anti-government demonstrations, revolutions, riots, guerrilla warfare, and intrastate conflict. The disaster-political opposition relationship is conditional upon the characteristics of political regimes. No regime is entirely free from the political dangers of disasters. Consolidated autocracies and well established democracies are less likely than mixed regimes to observe political crises in the context of a higher frequency of natural disasters. To evaluate the quality of government response and how it mediates the disaster-legitimacy relationship, I conduct a qualitative analysis of news reports on four major disaster events in South Asia - cyclone Sidr of 2007 and cyclone Aila of 2009 in Bangladesh and cyclone Aila and the Kashmir earthquake of 2005 in India. The case studies reveal that poor preparedness and inadequate immediate and long-term response of a government invite public criticism of the incumbent, antigovernment protest movements, and anti-incumbent voting in elections. When opposition parties translate this public frustration into broader political mobilization, the moral claim of the incumbent to remain in power diminishes substantially, sometimes causing a legitimacy crisis. As opposed to common expectations, democracy may not provide the best political environment for effective disaster response. The quality of government response is influenced rather by a regime's security concerns, the level of administrative efficacy and corruption, the military's role in the disaster response process, socio-economic conditions of the affected people, and leadership competition over the disaster management process. This study has broader implications for understanding the kinds of political strains that disasters create in a society and how governments function in Bangladesh and India. Much of these governments' energy is devoted to managing disasters, which diminishes their capacity to govern. Political elites in Bangladesh and India use disaster events as opportunities to strengthen clientelism and exclude political opposition in the affected areas